运用最优化原理的新型非视距抑制无线定位算法

无线定位中非视距(NLOS)误差的存在会显著降低传统定位算法的精度,因此论文提出了一种运用最优化原理的定位算法以对抗NLOS误差.该算法适用于存在固定节点与移动节点的无线传感网系统,并结合距离加权思想将NLOS环境中的定位建模为二次规划问题,最终得到节点的最小二乘位置估计.分析表明在固定节点数量较多或者存在视距(LOS)传输固定节点时,该算法可以显著削弱NLOS误差的影响.计算机仿真证实了这一分析,其结果表明,在NLOS环境下论文所提出的算法性能优于现有其他定位算法,同时该算法还具有不受固定节点数目限制和复杂度较低等优点.     

基于Haar小波的多尺度NLOS误差抑制算法

针对无线定位中非视距（Non-Line of Sight,NLOS）误差对定位精度的影响,在分析NLOS误差特性的基础之上提出了多尺度误差抑制算法。该算法将信号的多尺度估计方法和卡尔曼滤波相结合,利用小波变换特有的低通滤波特性能和小波阀值去噪能够很好地消除到达时间/到达时间差分（Time of Arrival/Time Diff of Arrival,TOA/TDOA）测量值中的NLOS误差,给出了Haar小波的实现方法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在不同的NLOS误差模型和不同的信道环境下均能很好地抑制NLOS误差,较大幅度地提高了定位精度。     

NLOS环境下的卡夫曼滤波跟踪定位算法

蜂窝网无线定位技术中,非视距(NLOs)误差的存在使得蜂窝网无线定位技术的定位精度急剧下降.针对NLOs环境,对基于卡夫曼滤波的动态跟踪定位算法进行了改进.首先引入判决机制鏊别测量值中NLOS信息,并根据鉴别信息对测量值进行加权重构处理,然后利用加权重构后的测量值再进行卡夫曼滤波跟踪定位,有效抑制了NLOS误差的影响.实验结果表明,算法在较为恶劣的NLOS环境下获得了较高定位精度.     

NLOS环境下基于EKF的移动机器人定位研究

针对室内移动机器人基于接收信号强度(RSSI,Received Signal Strength Indication)测距定位存在非视距(NLOS,Not-line-of-sight)传播问题,提出一种利用运动模型预测RSSI并修正NLOS测量的定位算法。首先结合移动机器人运动模型预测位置和信号强度RSSI,进而实现NLOS误差判定和测量修正;然后结合步长将移动机器人限制到圆域内,采用改进三边定位算法定位;最后使用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF,extended Kalman Filter)进行定位结果优化,得到位置的优化估计。仿真实验表明,该方法能有效地提高定位精度,能有效抑制具有较大量值的NLOS误差,是NLOS环境下一种有效的定位方法。     

基于IMM-IKF的无线传感器网络非视距节点定位方法

针对非视距(NLOS)环境下的移动定位问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型-改进卡尔曼滤波(IMM-IKF)的无线传感器网络NLOS节点定位算法.算法在IMM算法框架下估计移动节点位置,采用两个平行的改进卡尔曼滤波算法对多个移动节点候选位置进行滤波处理,通过Markov链实现LOS状态与NLOS状态的转换,根据似然概率对两个滤波结果进行加权融合,从而获得移动目标位置.仿真实验结果表明,所提出算法可以有效抑制NLOS误差,实现精确定位.     

基于小波去噪的室内超宽带定位算法

针对室内复杂环境所引起的NLOS误差,提出了一种利用小波良好抑制噪声特性的室内定位优化算法,选定IEEE 802.15.4a模型为超宽带室内无线定位的普适模型,在室内传统定位算法基础上利用小波去噪消除NLOS误差,从而改进优化了到达时间差定位算法(TDOA)。仿真结果表明,该算法较Chan算法和LS算法定位精度高,具有可行性。     

一种室内定位中NLOS误差抑制算法

在无线定位系统中,尤其是在室内定位中,非视距(NLOS)误差的存在使定位性能急剧下降。为克服非视距传播带来的定位误差,提出了一种针对NLOS环境下的基于卡尔曼滤波器(KF)的动态跟踪定位算法,将广泛应用于雷达系统和飞机导航系统的成熟的卡尔曼滤波器应用于室内定位中。实验结果表明,该方法可以满足室内环境下无线定位的需求,即使在恶劣的NLOS环境下也能够获得很高的定位精度,是一种可行的无线局域网定位技术。     

ＮＬＯＳ状态信息辅助协方差矩阵修正的无线网络定位方法

非视距(NLOS)误差是影响无线定位精度的重要因素，其产生是由于实际环境的多变性，使其无法用一个准确的数学模型来表示。如何减小NLOS误差的影响是无线定位中需要解决的问题之一。针对该问题，本文所研究的定位方法通过视距(LOS)节点检测来获取测距结果中的NLOS状态信息，并基于该状态信息，对用于双步加权最小二乘(TS-WLS)定位算法的协方差矩阵进行修正，修正后的算法能够根据NLOS状态信息实现对不同测距结果的重要性加权，从而减小NLOS误差的影响。仿真结果表明，与以往的定位算法相比，本文算法能够拓展复杂NLOS环境下的适用场景并提升定位精度。     

基于超宽带技术的TDOA室内三维定位算法研究

在室内环境下对目标进行无线定位时,由于障碍物的遮挡而造成的非视距（NLOS）误差对定位精度产生了很大的影响。针对此问题,对利用超宽带（UWB）技术测量得到的到达时间差（TDOA）数据进行残差分析,首先鉴别测得的数据中是否存在NLOS误差,然后针对存在NLOS误差的情况,提出将Fang算法得到的定位结果作为泰勒级数展开法的初始定位值,组成Fang-Taylor级数联合算法来计算NLOS情况下的定位结果。而对于视距（LOS）情况下测得的数据,仍采用单一的Fang算法进行计算。仿真对比实验表明,Fang-Taylor级数联合算法有效地提高了室内NLOS环境下目标的定位精度。     

基于自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波的UWB室内定位

在UWB室内定位中,测距中存在的NLOS误差和测距异常值会大幅降低其定位的精度和可靠性.针对这一问题,提出了一种自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波方法.该方法首先在UWB距离模型的基础上,利用新息向量和LOS环境下的阈值所构造的抗差因子鉴别并削弱NLOS测距误差和测距异常值的影响,同时利用Sage-Husa滤波对系统噪声进行实时估计和修正,在此基础上推导UWB定位的线性模型,利用卡尔曼滤波进行UWB定位解算.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地抑制并消除UWB测距中的NLOS测距误差和测距异常值的影响,进而能提高UWB定位的精度和可靠性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。