简单有效的确定聚类数目算法

很多聚类算法要求用户在聚类之前给出聚类数目,这给用户带来了很大的困难。利用二分思想递归分裂簇内相似度大于给定阈值的簇,最后合并簇间相似度小于给定阈值的簇,来获得最终聚类数目。实验表明提出的算法确定的聚类数目和实际聚类数目相同,并且簇内数据的相似性高,簇间数据的相似性低,该算法简单高效。     

基于概念模型的个性化搜索引擎研究

在对用户兴趣模型探讨的基础上,提出了一种基于概念的用户兴趣模型,用于区别用户兴趣的大小.讨论了基于链接的查询聚类算法,并针对该算法的不足提出了一种基于概念的聚类算法,该算法根据用户兴趣模型建立查询-概念二分图,然后计算图中查询顶点间的概念相似度,并将概念相似度最高的查询顶点进行合并以实现聚类.设计实现了一个基于Web数据挖掘的个性化搜索引擎系统,对系统的个性化查询进行了测试,并对比分析了链接聚类和概念聚类的实验结果.     

应用于数字电视用户浏览行为的二分K-Medoids聚类算法

为了对数字电视用户浏览行为进行有效分析,提出了应用于数字电视用户浏览行为的二分K-Medoids算法。针对欧氏距离容易丢失数据信息,受异常值影响较大的缺点,利用云相似度对聚类算法进行了改进,减少异常数据等不确定因素对聚类结果的影响;针对K-Means 算法易受人为因素影响的迭代次数、大数据环境下聚类中心不再变化难以实现等停止准则问题,使用了一种综合类内、类间相似度和类簇个数三个因素的停止准则,在不过度消耗系统资源同时又能满足实际的聚类需求。在实验中,将基于云相似度的二分K-Medoids (BKS)、基于云相似度的K-Medoids(KS)算法在不同用户数量下进行测试,实验结果表明,提出的算法提高了聚类准确性和算法的鲁棒性。     

基于时序聚类的北斗位置冗余数据压缩算法

在北斗用户机的位置数据采集过程中,容易出现数据冗余现象。为此,分析导致数据冗余的原因,提出一种基于时序聚类的冗余数据压缩算法。该算法采用基于密度的聚类方法将数据集进行分簇,把属于同一类运动特征的位置数据归为一类,根据簇直径判断该簇是否为冗余数据,并对冗余数据进行压缩。实验结果表明,该算法可以正确标识冗余数据,实现数据压缩。     

自适应的软子空间聚类算法

软子空间聚类是高维数据分析的一种重要手段.现有算法通常需要用户事先设置一些全局的关键参数,且没有考虑子空间的优化.提出了一个新的软子空间聚类优化目标函数,在最小化子空间簇类的簇内紧凑度的同时,最大化每个簇类所在的投影子空间.通过推导得到一种新的局部特征加权方式,以此为基础提出一种自适应的k-means型软子空间聚类算法.该算法在聚类过程中根据数据集及其划分的信息,动态地计算最优的算法参数.在实际应用和合成数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法大幅度提高了聚类精度和聚类结果的稳定性.     

加权的自适应相似度度量

聚类分析是数据挖掘中一种非常重要的技术.聚类算法中的关键问题是相异度或相似度的度量,聚类结果直接依赖于相异度或相似度度量,尤其对于谱聚类方法更是如此.谱聚类算法是近期兴起的一种基于相似度矩阵的聚类算法.相比于传统的划分型聚类算法,谱聚类算法不受限于球状聚类簇,能够发现不规则形状的聚类簇.在已有的谱聚类算法中,高斯核相似度是最常用的相似度度量准则.基于高斯核相似度度量及其扩展形式,提出了一种加权的自适应的相似度度量,此相似度可以用于谱聚类以及其他基于相似度矩阵的聚类算法.新的相似度度量不仅能够描述多密度聚类簇中数据点间的相似度,而且可以降低离群点(噪声点)与其他数据点间的相似度.实验结果显示新的相似度度量可以更好地描述不同类型的数据集中数据点间的相似度,进而得到更好的聚类结果.     

面向实体识别的聚类算法

实体识别是数据质量的一个重要方面,对于大数据处理不可或缺.已有的实体识别研究工作聚焦于数据对象相似度算法、分块技术和监督的实体识别技术,而非监督的实体识别中匹配决定的问题很少被涉及.提出一种面向实体识别的聚类算法来弥补这个缺失.利用数据对象及其相似度构建带权重的数据对象相似图.聚类过程中,利用相似图上重启式随机游走来动态地计算类簇与结点的相似度.聚类的基本逻辑是,类簇迭代地吸收离它最近的结点.提出数据对象排序方法来优化聚类的顺序,提高聚类精确性;提出了优化的随机游走平稳概率分布计算方法,降低聚类算法开销.通过在真实数据集和生成数据集上的对比实验,验证了该算法的有效性.     

层次聚类算法的改进及分析

层次凝聚算法是一个非常有用的聚类算法,它在迭代地凝聚每次接近对直到所有的数据都属于同一个簇.但层次聚类也存在着几个缺点,如聚类时的时空复杂性高;聚类的簇效率低、误差较大等.经验研究表明,大部分HAC算法都有这样一个趋势:除了在谱系图的顶层,所有低层聚类的簇都是比较小的并且很接近于其他的簇,提出了一种改进算法能够减小时空复杂性并能验证其正确性,分析与实验都证明这种方法是非常有效的.     

实例簇驱动的图结构聚类参数计算算法

pSCAN算法的聚类结果受密度约束参数和相似度阈值参数的影响,如果用户提供的聚类参数得到的聚类结果无法满足需求,那么用户可以通过实例簇表达自己的聚类需求。针对实例簇表达聚类查询需求的问题,提出一种实例簇驱动的图结构聚类参数计算算法PART及其改进算法ImPART。首先,分析两个聚类参数对聚类结果的影响,并提取实例簇的相关子图;其次,对相关子图进行分析得到密度约束参数的可行区间,并根据当前密度约束参数和节点之间的结构相似度将实例簇内节点划分为核心节点和非核心节点;最后,依据节点划分结果计算出当前密度约束参数对应的最优相似度阈值参数,并在相关子图上对得到的参数进行验证和优化,直到得到满足实例簇需求的聚类参数。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法能够为用户实例簇返回一组有效参数,且所提改进算法ImPART的运行时间比PART缩短了20%以上,能够快速有效地为用户返回满足实例簇要求的最优聚类参数。     

高效的大型图聚类方法研究

对于大规模的图数据,当前的图聚类算法的时间和空间扩展性较差,且倾向于细粒度的簇.本文提出k层邻接点概念,从而避免单层邻接点导致的聚类细化.提出一种基于割集的分布式聚类算法,通过连通性判断搜索最小代价割集,从而降低图分片的关联性,提高算法的并行度和可扩展性.通过实际数据集上的大量实验表明,本文所提出的聚类方法较传统方法在时间和空间效率上具有较大优势,并且可以发现更高质量的簇.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。