添加酶制剂改善"双低"菜籽粕营养物质及能量代谢的研究

本试验研究了在“双低”菜籽粕中添加植酸酶、以及木聚糖酶、β—葡聚糖酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶等非淀粉多糖酶后营养物质代谢率和能量代谢率的变化情况，以及各种酶制剂的最佳添加水平。试验结果表明：添加植酸酶、木聚糖酶、β—葡聚糖酶、果胶酶可以改善“双低”菜籽粕中粗蛋白质、氨基酸的利用率及能量、粗脂肪、干物质、粗纤维的代谢率，并且酶制剂的添加量增加，“双低”菜籽粕中营养物质和能量的代谢率得到改善的幅度越大。     

小麦日粮添加不同配伍酶制剂对肉仔鸡养分利用率、食糜黏度和血液激素的影响

选择14日龄肉仔鸡,研究小麦日粮中添加不同配伍酶制剂对肉仔鸡养分利用率、食糜黏度和血液激素等的影响,结果表明:(1)添加酶制剂可显著提高粗蛋白(P<0.01)、粗脂肪(P<0.01)、总磷(P<0.05)和总能(P<0.01)的利用率,不同配伍之间也出现差异,但没有显著提高钙的利用率(P>0.05),而小麦日粮中钙的利用率显著低于玉米日粮;(2)添加酶制剂可显著降低肉仔鸡小肠食糜黏度(P<0.01),不同配伍之间有出现差异的趋势,但不显著,肉仔鸡食糜黏度在49日龄时显著低于35日龄;(3)添加酶制剂可显著提高35日龄和49日龄肉仔鸡血液生长激素浓度,在35日龄时不同配伍间出现显著差异(P<0.05);(4)添加酶制剂在35日龄时显著提高血液胰岛素浓度(P<0.01),而只在49日龄时有提高腹脂率的趋势。结果显示酶制剂可提高肉仔鸡对小麦日粮养分利用率和血液生长激素,并可显著降低食糜黏度,适宜配伍酶制剂的效果更为显著。     

对里氏木霉Rut C-30所产非淀粉多糖酶系的分析

通过里氏木霉RutC 3 0以稻草和麸皮为基质进行固态发酵 ,对其产生的非淀粉多糖酶(NSP酶 )进行分析 ,试验表明里氏木霉RutC 3 0产生的NSP酶系较全 ,分别有纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β 葡聚糖酶、β 甘露聚糖酶、果胶酶等 5种不同的NSP酶。并探讨了不同碳源及添加不同底物诱导物对里氏木霉RutC 3 0产生的NSP酶系的影响     

小麦-杂粕型饲粮中添加不同复合酶制剂对肉鸭生产性能和养分消化率的影响

在小麦-杂粕型饲粮中添加不同复合酶制剂,樱桃谷公鸭体重极显著提高;在3种不同的复合酶制剂中,以木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、糖化酶、酸性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶的添加水平分别为4 320 000、14 400、446 400、69 120、160、3 000、1 000和1 000 U/g的复合酶制剂C的效果最好.添加复合酶制剂C的组料重比较对照组降低显著,回肠磷表观消化率提高显著,回肠蛋白表观消化率极显著提高,较添加复合酶制剂A的组樱桃谷公鸭体重提高显著,较添加复合酶制剂A、B的组回肠蛋白表观消化率提高显著.说明对于小麦-杂粕型饲粮,酸性蛋白酶的添加水平不能过高;同时添加同等活性水平的中性蛋白酶能更有利于饲粮中粗蛋白质的消化吸收.添加纤维素酶的水平也不是越高越好,维持在60 000～70 000 U/g的水平更能发挥效用;同时它需要与木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶、糖化酶和蛋白酶等适宜活性水平的酶协同作用,才能形成整体合力,促进饲粮中营养物质的充分消化吸收,从而达到较为理想的生产性能.     

日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡表观消化率及肠道组织形态的影响

通过在小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶,研究了木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡回肠及总消化道养分和非淀粉多糖(NSP)表观消化率及小肠形态的影响.试验将7日龄肉仔鸡随机分为3组,即为小麦基础日粮中添加0%、0.03%和0.1%的加酶组,饲喂至21日龄.结果表明:与对照组相比,0.1%的加酶组显著提高了淀粉在回肠和总消化道中的表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高了可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP)、不溶性非淀粉多糖(INSP)在回肠的表观消化率(P<0.01),显著提高了SNSP的总消化道表观消化率(P<0.05).此外,0.1%的加酶组还极显著降低了十二指肠的肠壁厚(P<0.01),并极显著增加了肉仔鸡回肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度(P相似文献   

饲粮中添加甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及组织天然免疫相关基因表达的影响

旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同浓度甘露寡糖(MOS)对肉仔鸡生长性能及肝脏、脾脏、回肠和盲肠中Toll样受体(TLR)和抗菌肽等天然免疫基因表达的影响。选用176只1日龄雄性科宝-500白羽肉仔鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复11只鸡,四个处理组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.0、0.3、0.6和0.9 g/kg甘露寡糖的饲粮,试验时间为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.3～0.9 g/kg MOS显著提高肉仔鸡1～42日龄的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05或P0.01);饲粮添加MOS显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄法氏囊指数和42日龄胸腺指数(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加MOS可不同程度地提高21和42日龄肉鸡回肠、盲肠、肝脏和脾脏TLR2、TLR4、β-防御素9(AvBD9)和cathelicidin-B1(Cath-B1)mRNA表达(P0.05或P0.01)。饲粮中添加适宜水平的MOS可不同程度地提高肉仔鸡生长性能,并可能通过提高肉仔鸡组织TLRs表达并由TLRs介导上调β-防御素和cathelicidins等抗菌肽表达而提高肉仔鸡天然免疫防御功能。     

饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究玉米型饲粮和小麦型饲粮中分别添加不同水平的非淀粉多糖酶（NSP酶、木聚糖酶和β-甘露聚糖酶）对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：玉米型基础饲粮中添加NSP酶对仔猪的生长性能和血清生化指标无显著影响(P＞0.05）;小麦型基础饲粮中添加NSP酶,显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重和血清中的总蛋白、球蛋白和磷的含量(P＜0.05）,显著降低了谷草转氨酶的活性(P＜0.05）。     

小麦型日粮中添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

目的是评估不同比例小麦日粮中添加复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡的生产性能的影响.试验采用4×2因子处理:四种小麦基础日粮(小麦分别替代玉米40%、60%、80%、100%)和四种日粮分别添加酶制剂0和180g/t.将800只1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡随机分为8个处理组.每组分别饲喂上述8种日粮中的一种.结果表明:各处理组肉仔鸡在21和42日龄时体重无显著差异,但四个小麦加酶组与不加酶组相比,肉仔鸡1～3周和4～6周的料重比都显著降低(P<0.05);40%和60%小麦加酶组与不加酶组相比,死淘率无显著差异(P>0.05);且80%小麦加酶组肉仔鸡死淘率降低33.3%(P<0.05);100%小麦加酶组肉仔鸡死淘率降低37.7%(P<0.05).综合分析表明,本试验肉鸡日粮中小麦替代玉米在60%以下时,对内鸡生产性能无显著影响,当日粮中小麦替代玉米比例高达80%～100%时,生产性能显著降低;肉鸡日粮中小麦替代玉米在60%以下时添加酶制剂,对生产性能和死淘率无显著影响,当日粮中小麦替代玉米比例高达80%～100%时添加酶制剂,可显著提高肉鸡的生产性能.试验各组之间屠宰率、胴体性能均差异不显著(P>0.05).     

里氏木霉Rut C-30产非淀粉多糖酶发酵条件的研究

在接种量与培养温度分别为8%和30℃条件下,采用正交试验表L9(34)设计对培养基组成、发酵时间、培养基湿度和发酵容器4个试验因子进行产酶影响力排序和条件组合优化,同时分析各指标间相关性。结果:对纤维素酶,培养基组成>发酵时间>发酵容器>初始湿度,最优组合酶活力456.3u/g;对木聚糖酶,发酵时间>培养基组成>发酵容器>初始湿度,最优组合酶活力5529.9u/g;对β-甘露聚糖酶,发酵容器>培养基组成>初始湿度>发酵时间,优化组合酶活力367.6u/g;对果胶酶,培养基组成>发酵容器>发酵时间>初始湿度,最优组合酶活力为544.6u/g;培养基发酵失重与β-甘露聚糖酶活力极显著正相关(r=0.811,P<0.01)、纤维素酶与木聚糖酶活力显著正相关(r=0.724,P<0.05)。结论:通过改变发酵条件可调控该菌株产饲用NSP酶谱的酶活水平与比例,指标之间相关性可用于监测发酵过程中的酶活力状态。该菌株较适合作为饲用NSP复合酶制剂生产的菌株。     

饲用酶应用进展

饲料中添加酶可帮助动物对饲料养分的消化吸收,大幅提高饲为产效率,促进动物生长。综术字木聚糖酶、β－葡聚糖酶,纤维素酶和植酸酶在饲料工业中的应用。     

Effects of freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii culture and Natuphos(®) phytase supplementation on the performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens

BACKGROUND: Phytate‐bound phosphorus (P) in poultry diets is poorly available to chickens. Hence exogenous phytase is often added to their diets. Mitsuokella jalaludinii is a rumen bacterial species that produces high phytase activity. In this study the effects of freeze‐dried active M. jalaludinii culture (FD‐AMJC) and Natuphos^® phytase (phytase N) supplementations on the growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens fed a low‐available P (aP) diet were evaluated. RESULTS: Supplementation of FD‐AMJC or phytase N to the low‐aP diet improved the feed intake, feed conversion rate, body weight gain, dry matter (DM) digestibility and P, Ca and Mn retention, increased the tibia bone ash content, Ca and P concentrations in tibia DM and P and Zn concentrations in plasma and reduced the P excretion of broiler chickens. However, the feed conversion rate, P and Ca retention, DM digestibility and reduction of P excretion were better with FD‐AMJC than phytase N supplementation. Supplementation of FD‐AMJC to the low‐aP diet also improved the apparent metabolisable energy value of the diet, Cu and Zn retention and crude protein digestibility, but phytase N supplementation did not. CONCLUSION: FD‐AMJC supplementation was more efficient in improving nutrient utilisation and reducing P excretion in chickens than phytase N supplementation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

外源核苷酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

研究了天然日粮中补充外源核苷酸对肉仔鸡胃肠道等消化器官及生产性能的影响 .0～ 14日龄爱维因肉仔鸡按体重随机分成 4组 ,每组 4个重复 ,分别饲喂玉米豆饼无鱼粉基础日粮 ( 1组 ) ,基础日粮中添加 0 .0 5%核酸 ( 2组 )、0 .1%核酸 ( 3组 )以及基础日粮中含 2 %鱼粉 ( 4组 ) .结果表明 ,第 2 ,3,4组的肉仔鸡 14日龄生长速度比对照组提高 14%～ 17% ,饲料利用率提高 4 %～6% .2、3组鸡 4日龄十二指肠质量、3组鸡空肠质量、胰腺质量显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;7日龄小肠粘膜的蛋白酶活性也极显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) .研究表明 ,日粮中添加外源核苷酸对提高肉仔鸡生长速度、胃肠道、胰脏质量、肠粘膜蛋白酶活性均有重要的影响 .     

Increasing doses of carbohydrases: Effects on rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and performance of mid-lactation cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes on nutrient intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation, and productivity of mid-lactating cows. Experiment 1 was designed to test increasing doses [0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] of a combination of 2 enzyme products with xylanase and β-glucanase activities (Ronozyme Wx and Ronozyme VP, respectively; DSM Nutritional Products) on rumen fermentation and total apparent digestibility. Enzyme combinations had a ratio of endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase to endo-1,4-β-xylanase of 8:2 (wt/wt). For experiment 1, 8 rumen cannulated lactating cows were used into a double 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 14 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Despite no differences in feed intake, carbohydrases linearly increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Treatments marginally affected rumen fermentation, where a linear trend for lower rumen pH and a linear trend for greater isobutyrate concentration were observed with increasing enzyme dose. A trend for lower rumen NH₃-N concentration was observed for cows receiving carbohydrases in comparison with control group. When comparing all enzyme treatments against control group, cows fed enzymes tended to produce more 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), produced more milk fat, and had greater blood glucose concentration. Experiment 2 evaluated 3 doses (0, 0.5, or 0.75 g/kg of DM) of the same combination of enzyme products on performance of cows (n = 36) in a complete randomized block (n = 12) design. Cows received treatments for 9 wk. No interaction effects between treatments and time were observed for all variables assessed in this study. In agreement with experiment 1, no differences were detected for feed intake, but cows fed the enzyme products tended to produce more 3.5% FCM and milk fat compared with control. In addition, cows fed enzymes exhibited greater efficiency of FCM production (FCM ÷ DM intake) compared with control. No differences were detected for intake and productivity when comparing the 2 doses of carbohydrases. In summary, the enzyme products tested in this study may improve feed efficiency due to greater milk fat concentration.     

Nutritional and physiological effects of rapeseed meal sinapine in broiler chickens and its metabolism in the digestive tract

Research was completed to investigate the impact of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) sinapine (SNP) on broiler chickens. The control treatment was based on a corn/soybean meal diet, as were six additional treatments which contained three levels of SNP bisulphate or semi‐purified SNP in the form of an ethanol extract concentrate. The last three treatments were corn‐based but soybean meal was replaced by graded levels of RSM at 15, 22.5 and 30% of the diet and thereby added SNP in its native form. SNP bisulphate and SNP ethanol extract did not affect feed intake and performance of broiler chickens. SNP bisulphate increased diet AME (apparent metabolisable energy) (P < 0.01) while SNP ethanol extract increased diet AME and faecal protein digestibility (P < 0.01 and 0.05 respectively) in comparison with the control diet. Dietary treatment caused minor effects on tissue measurements. All the diets containing SNP reduced the empty weight of caeca (P < 0.05 or 0.01), suggesting that the hind gut might be an important metabolic site for SNP. The ileal digestibility of SNP was 35–42, 27–38 and 30–46% for SNP bisulphate, SNP ethanol extract and RSM SNP respectively, while faecal digestibility values were 68–72, 65–75 and 54–63% for the same treatment groups. A major metabolic pathway of SNP via hydrolysis into sinapic acid and choline in the digestive tract was identified. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

木薯酒精废水高温厌氧消化系统中酶的提取与分布的研究

木薯酒精废水中固形物(干基)的主要成分为纤维素和半纤维素,分别为30%和18%。由于内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖苷酶(CMC酶)和木聚糖酶在高温厌氧消化过程中对纤维素和半纤维素的水解起关键作用,作者比较了从厌氧污泥中提取CMC酶和木聚糖酶的6种方法,并分析了其在厌氧污泥中的分布情况。结果表明,用质量分数1% Triton X-100来提取CMC酶和木聚糖素酶是一种高效且温和的酶提取方法,且至少有占总酶质量90%的CMC酶和70%的木聚糖酶分布在污泥絮凝体(细胞表面或胞外聚合物)中。     

植酸酶替代日粮中磷酸氢钙对肉鸡饲养效应的研究

通过两次试验，探讨了微生物植酸酶替代日粮中磷酸氢钙对肉鸡的饲养效应，表明添加植酸酶可减少肉鸡日粮中的磷酸氢钙的用量。     

Utilisation of two varieties of full‐fat and simulated soyabeans in meal and pelleted diets by broiler chickens

Full‐fat soyabeans (FFSB) (Glycine max) of two varieties, TGX 1440/^E and M‐351, and recombined soyabean meal and oil (SBMO, simulated soyabeans) along with a basal diet were evaluated in a growth and digestibility study designed to examine energy and nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens fed the soyabean diets presented as meal or pellets. The soyabean products were incorporated into the basal diet in a 40:60 ratio (product/basal). The resulting eight experimental diets were assessed in a growth trial covering the starter to the finisher phase (1–8 weeks) of the broiler rearing period, during which daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency were measured. Two digestibility trials were conducted at the starter (1.5–2 weeks) and finisher (7.5–8 weeks) phases of the broiler rearing. Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and apparent fat (AFD), nitrogen (AND) and dry matter (ADD) digestibilities of diets were determined. Data on carcass and gut measurements were also obtained. The bird rearing phase had a significant (P ≤ 0.001) effect on energy and nutrient digestibility of diets and soyabean products, with the finisher broilers yielding higher values. Mean AME values for FFSB were 16.1 vs 13.6 MJ kg⁻¹ DM for the finisher and starter broilers. Pelleting of diets improved AFD (P ≤ 0.001) and AME (P ≤ 0.10). Significant interaction (P ≤ 0.01) between diet and feed form resulted in improvement in fat digestibility of pelleted FFSB diets but not that of SBMO diets. Carcass fat (P ≤ 0.01) and breast weight (P ≤ 0.05) were increased and gizzard weight decreased (P ≤ 0.01) in birds given the pelleted diets compared with those on meal diets. Birds fed the TGX FFSB diets had significantly lower dietary fat and nitrogen digestibilities and heavier weight of the small intestine than those on the M‐351 diets, thus suggesting varietal differences in the structure and nutritional value of soyabeans. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同类型植物甾醇对肉鸭生长及肌肉品质的影响

旨在研究不同类型植物甾醇对肉鸭生产性能、体脂沉积、体成分及肌肉品质的影响。选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭540只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每重复30只,分别饲喂以下3种日粮:(1)对照组(C):基础日粮;(2)试验1组(Ⅰ):基础日粮+20 mg.kg-1植物甾醇A;(3)试验2组(Ⅱ):基础日粮+20 mg.kg-1植物甾醇B,饲养时间为42 d。结果表明:日粮中添加不同类型植物甾醇均极显著降低前期料重比(P<0.01);与植物甾醇A相比,日粮中添加植物甾醇B极显著增加了21 d平均体重和前期平均日增重(P<0.01),但极显著降低后期平均日增重(P<0.01);日粮中添加植物甾醇A和植物甾醇B,均能显著降低肝脏中胆固醇的含量,分别降低了15.92%(P<0.05)和24.57%(P=0.01);日粮中添加植物甾醇A极显著降低肉鸭胸肌的滴水损失(24 h和48 h)(P<0.01);日粮中添加20 mg.kg-1不同类型植物甾醇对肉鸭的肌间脂肪厚度、皮下脂肪厚度、水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、pH均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加植物甾醇A和植物甾醇B均能降低肉鸭肝脏胆固醇的含量,且前期添加植物甾醇B、后期添加植物甾醇A更有利于肉鸭的生长;植物甾醇A能够在一定程度上改善鸭肉品质。     

竹叶提取物对肉鸡早期血液生化和机体抗氧化功能的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加竹叶提取物(Bamboo leaf extract,BLE)对肉鸡早期血液生化和机体抗氧化功能的影响,以期改善肉鸡健康,为人类提供安全放心肉产品。选用1日龄爱拔益佳(Arbor Acres,AA)雄性肉鸡256只随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,样品组分别在基础日粮中添加0.10%、0.20%和0.40% 竹叶提取物,试验周期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮添加竹叶提取物可降低血清中总胆固醇含量,其中0.20% 竹叶提取物组降低效果显著(P<0.05),并且可显著降低血清中尿素氮含量(P<0.05);日粮添加竹叶提取物对肉鸡胸肌抗氧化酶活无显著影响,但可促进胸肌谷胱甘肽的生成。竹叶提取物可促进肝脏谷胱甘肽合成,其中0.20%和0.40%组肝脏谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);此外,与对照组相比,日粮添加竹叶提取物对肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性具有一定的提高作用;与对照组相比,0.10%和0.20%组肉鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别提高5.82%和4.90%,其中0.10% 竹叶提取物组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,0.10%、0.20% 和0.40% 竹叶提取物组血清丙二醛含量分别降低了11.18%、14.59%和4.05%。综上,肉鸡早期日粮中添加一定剂量竹叶提取物未对肉鸡代谢造成影响,可提高机体抗氧化能力,从一定程度上达到改善肉鸡健康作用,可作为食品抗氧化剂使用。