无需初始轮廓的局部图像拟合模型

【目的】基于图像局部信息的区域活动轮廓模型可以较好地分割灰度不均图像，但存在对初始轮廓的位置及大小比较敏感的缺点，而且不同初始轮廓可能会产生不同的甚至是错误的分割结果。因此，需研究避免初始轮廓的选取对图像分割结果影响的方法。【方法】受局部图像拟合模型和灰度重加权局部二值拟合模型的启发，提出一个无需初始轮廓的局部图像拟合模型。首先，利用局部图像信息构造局部图像拟合函数，并在拟合函数中加入灰度权重；其次，通过极小化拟合图像与原图像之间的差值来构造图像的局部能量泛函；最后，运用变分法和最速下降法推导出所提模型的水平集函数演化方程。上述步骤采用有限差分方法进行数值实现。【结果】所提模型允许水平集函数常值初始化，即是无需初始轮廓，这有效避免了初始轮廓对分割结果的影响。此外，还可以保持分割的亚像素精度，能够有效分割多目标、背景复杂以及含伪影、孔洞等多类图像。【结论】实验结果表明，无需初始轮廓的分割模型完全避免了轮廓初始化带来的诸多问题，而且实现简单，分割快速。     

基于局部灰度聚类的高斯分布拟合模型

针对高斯分布拟合模型对初始轮廓敏感的问题,提出一个基于局部灰度聚类的高斯分布拟合模型.新模型根据图像局部像素灰度聚类特点,采用灰度偏移场和一个分片常量函数共同拟合图像的局部灰度均值,实现了图像全局信息和局部信息的有机结合,使轮廓可以从任意初始位置向目标边缘演化,最后收敛在边缘上.新模型采用一种快速有效的数值方法实现,水平集函数在整个演化过程中不必重新初始化,活动轮廓演化速度得到显著提高.实验结果表明,本文算法能够在不同的轮廓初始化情况下获得准确的分割结果.     

一种新的基于局部区域的活动轮廓模型

提出了一种新的基于曲线演化的活动轮廓图像分割模型.该模型利用局部图像统计信息来代替C-V模型中的全局灰度均值,以此可以分割灰度不均匀的图像.此外,在模型定义的能量泛函中增加了水平集正则项,以此来保证数值计算的准确性和避免对水平集函数的重新初始化.将本文提出的活动轮廓模型用于分割人工和自然图像,比较结果显示:C-V模型不能很好处理灰度不均匀图像,而本文提出的模型对灰度不均匀图像能得到满意的分割效果.     

融合全局图像信息的局部灰度拟合模型

[目的]研究提高基于局部区域信息的活动轮廓模型对轮廓初始化和强噪声的鲁棒性.[方法]以区域可变灰度拟合模型为基础提出了一个新的结合图像全局信息的局部灰度拟合模型.新模型的能量泛函包括3项:基于图像全局和局部信息的数据项、融合边缘指示函数的光滑项以及水平集函数的正则化项.通过变分法和梯度下降流方法得到水平集函数的演化方程.数值实现采用有限差分法.[结果]所提模型不仅能够有效地分割灰度不均图像、深度图像等多类图像,而且对轮廓初始化和强噪声具有更强的鲁棒性.[结论]实验结果表明该方法是有效的.     

融入光度信息图割的图像轮廓提取方法

图割算法是图像分割方法中一种高效最优化的计算方法,针对图像中目标物体光照不均匀导致的分割不准确问题,本文提出了一种基于光度信息的图割方法:该方法利用彩色图像的RGB值,得到像素的颜色值和亮度值,用其平均值表示像素的光度值,将图像的光度信息融入到主动轮廓模型的能量函数中,构建新的能量函数,利用最大流/最小割算法求解新的能量函数的最优解,得到目标的轮廓;实验结果证明,该方法能够使初始轮廓较准确较迅速地收敛到目标物体的轮廓。     

基于全局划分与局部划分的自适应活动轮廓模型

为了分割边界模糊图像,文章提出基于划分函数的自适应活动轮廓(Adaptive active contour model based on global division and local division, DGDL)模型.通过建立一个局部划分能量项,将其与全局划分能量项进行线性组合,并基于迭代次数建立一个自适应函数自动选取全局与局部能量,得到基于全局划分与局部划分的活动轮廓模型.利用人工合成图像与真实图像作为分割对象进行实验,结果表明,DGDL模型对初始轮廓鲁棒,迭代次数较少且耗时短,还能分割边界模糊和灰度不均图像,并具有良好的分割性能.     

基于改进LBF模型的高原鼠兔图像分割

针对鼠兔图像背景复杂、对比度低、灰度不均匀且含有大量噪声等特点,在局部二值拟合(LBF)模型基础上,提出一种融合图像梯度信息的改进LBF分割模型.针对LBF模型在演化过程中极易陷入局部极小值的问题,引入全局图像梯度信息,构造含有梯度信息的能量函数,使水平集函数在演化过程中避免陷入局部最优,同时全局梯度能量项能引导活动轮廓曲线向目标边界附近快速移动,从而减少算法运行迭代次数,提高了分割精度.实验结果表明:所提出的用于鼠兔图像分割的模型不仅能提高鼠兔图像分割精度,减少迭代次数,而且背景抑制、目标区域轮廓定位效果好.     

一种改进的水平集主动轮廓模型

通过统计具有图像增强能力的局部区域信息,提出了一种改进的水平集主动轮廓模型.结合非负核函数和具有矫正图像误差特点的灰度集群思想,定义了一种新的符号压力函数(SPF),此函数能够很好处理灰度不均匀、对象边界不明确的问题.并且,引入惩罚项,确保水平集函数的适应性.真实图像和合成图像的实验结果表明,该模型收敛迅速,具有抗噪性,对分割目标图像敏感,能够处理弱边界的多目标图像.     

一种基于局部和全局拟合的混合多相水平集分割模型及算法

提出了一种混合多相分割主动轮廓模型,用于精确地分割灰度图像。针对图像去噪和细小边缘的模糊问题,提出多尺度信息增强和各向异性张量扩散结合的方法,并利用快速预分割获得初始轮廓线。在全局项中,用多种局部特征变量重构拉普拉斯能量拟合函数处理大的目标边缘;为了更好地分割拓扑结构复杂的区域,提出了一种分割深度可控的区域分割能量,并构造了计算局部自适应最佳分割阈值的深度系数。在局部项中,采用局部高斯分布拟合处理灰度不均匀区域。模型使用指数函数作为停止速度函数,并加入鲁棒性的曲线演化停止条件,提高了分割效率。新模型适用于分割灰度图中医学核磁共振图像和背景单一的自然图像,通过与最新的多相水平集模型和深度学习模型对照,结果显示新模型能更好地处理目标的拓扑结构,对边界的定位精确,分割精度更高。     

基于改进LGDF模型的超声图像自动分割方法

基于局部高斯分布拟合能量(LGDF)模型的图像分割方法,对初始轮廓选取及参数选择较敏感.如果初始轮廓手动选取不当会由于陷入局部极小值而导致分割失败,且分割速度较慢.针对以上不足,提出了一种改进的LGDF模型的超声图像自动分割方法.该方法的正则化项由具有双极值点的势函数构成,在水平集函数进化过程中,可以避免由单极值点势函数造成的水平集函数震荡和扭曲,从而加快了收敛;另外,将局部熵阈值分割的结果作为LGDF模型的初始轮廓,接近真实轮廓,可以克服手动选取初始轮廓的影响.实验结果表明,该方法能自动获取合适的超声图像初始轮廓,并得到较好的分割结果,同时大大提高了分割速度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the