Multi-leak detection and isolation in fluid pipelines

A multi-leak detection system for pipelines is designed and tested. The multi-leak detection problem is solved using only sensors of flow and pressure at the extremes of the duct, and using the analytical redundancy given of these measurements. The leak detection design is based on a distributed pipeline model that is discretized in space and assumes a set of leaks distributed through the duct. Leak location is accomplished by evaluating the residuals of a bank of unknown input observers that are robust against one leak and sensitive to the rest. Simulation and experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach when two leaks appear simultaneously.     

Leak detection of pipeline: An integrated approach of rough set theory and artificial bee colony trained SVM

The generation of leak along the pipeline carrying crude oils and liquid fuels results enormous financial loss to the industry and also affects the public health. Hence, the leak detection and localization problem has always been a major concern for the companies. In spite of the various techniques developed, accuracy and time involved in the prediction is still a matter of concern. In this paper, a novel leak detection scheme based on rough set theory and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed to overcome the problem of false leak detection. In this approach, ‘rough set theory’ is explored to reduce the length of experimental data as well as generate rules. It is embedded to enhance the decision making process. Further, SVM classifier is employed to inspect the cases that could not be detected by applied rules. For the computational training of SVM, this paper uses swarm intelligence technique: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which imitates intelligent food searching behavior of honey bees. The results of proposed leak detection scheme with ABC are compared with those obtained by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and one of its variants, so-called enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO). The experimental results advocate the use of propounded method for detecting leaks with maximum accuracy.     

基于免疫的检测漏洞问题研究

针对已有实值非选择算法中检测漏洞问题,提出一种改进的算法提高对检测漏洞的覆盖。算法基于可变长实值检测器实现,主要思想是把自体样本分为边界自体样本和非边界自体样本。在检测器的生成过程中,鉴别和记录边界自体样本;在对新样本的检测过程中,检测是否匹配边界自体。通过人工合成数据集2DSyntheticData和实际Iris 数据集对算法进行了验证。实验结果表明,算法检测率较高,在覆盖自体和非自体边界处的漏洞方面明显优于已有的算法。     

基于免疫原理的入侵检测中的漏洞研究

负选择算法和k连续位匹配规则的局限性导致入侵检测系统存在“漏洞”。针对上述问题,分析“漏洞”存在的原因,设计一个用于确定一个随机模式是否是“漏洞”的算法,为降低系统的漏报率和完善系统的功能提供了一个有价值的解决方案。     

C程序内存泄漏智能化检测方法

内存泄漏在采用显式内存管理机制的C语言中是一种常见的代码缺陷,内存泄漏的检测方法目前主要是静态分析与动态检测.动态检测开销大,且高度依赖测试用例;静态分析目前被学术界和工业界广泛应用,但是存在大量误报,需要人工对检测结果进行确认.内存泄漏静态分析的误报通常是由于对指针、分支语句和全局变量分析的不准确性导致的.提出了一种内存泄漏的智能化检测方法,通过使用机器学习算法学习程序特征与内存泄漏之间的相关性,构建机器学习分类器,并应用机器学习分类器进一步提高内存泄漏静态分析的准确性.首先构建机器学习分类器,然后通过静态分析方法构建从内存分配点开始的Sparse Value Flow Graph（SVFG）,并从中提取内存泄漏相关特征,再使用规则和机器学习分类器进行内存泄漏的检测.实验结果显示,该方法在分析指针、分支语句和全局变量时是有效的,能够提高内存泄漏检测的准确性,降低内存泄漏检测结果的误报.最后,对未来研究的可行性以及面临的挑战进行了展望.     

大规模源代码增量式资源泄漏检测方法

资源泄漏是影响软件质量和可靠性的一种重要软件缺陷,存在资源泄漏的程序长时间运行会由于资源耗尽而发生异常甚至崩溃.静态代码分析是进行资源泄漏检测的一种有效的技术手段,能够基于源代码或者二进制代码有效地发现程序中潜在的资源泄漏问题.然而,精确的资源泄漏检测算法的复杂性会随着程序规模的增加呈指数级增长,无法满足生产中即时对缺陷进行分析检测的实际应用需求.面向大规模源代码提出了一种增量式的静态资源泄漏检测方法,该方法支持过程间流敏感的资源泄漏检测,在用户编辑代码的过程中,从变更的函数入手,通过资源闭包、指向分析过滤等多种技术手段缩小资源泄漏检测范围,进而实现了大规模代码的即时缺陷分析与报告.实验结果表明：该方法在保证准确率的前提下,90%的增量检测实验可以在10s内完成,能够满足在用户编辑程序过程中对缺陷进行即时检测和报告的实际应用需求.     

一种混合式内存泄漏静态检测方法

内存泄漏是导致系统性能降低的重要问题.提出一种基于模型检测算法的内存泄漏静态检查方法TMC.该方法依据程序的控制流图构建对应于程序执行的有限状态自动机,进而在此基础上应用模型检测算法分析程序中可能存在的内存泄漏.论文利用几个典型的程序实例详细说明了TMC的工作原理,并通过基于内存操作密集的测试程序集PtrDist的实验对TMC进行了验证.实验结果表明,TMC能够显著提升内存泄漏分析的精度.     

Using information flow analysis to detect implicit information leaks for web service composition

Information leak, which can undermine the compliance of web-service-composition business processes for some policies, is one of the major concerns in web service composition. We present an automated and effective approach for the detection of implicit information leaks in business process execution language (BPEL) based on information flow analysis. We introduce an adequate meta-model for BPEL representation based on a Petri net for transformation and analysis. Building on the concept of Petri net place-based noninterference, the core contribution of this paper is the application of a Petri net reachability graph to estimate Petri net interference and thereby to detect implicit information leaks in web service composition. In addition, a case study illustrates the application of the approach on a concrete workflow in BPEL notation.     

用于求解路径交通流量的改进Frank-Wolfe算法

Frank-Wolfe算法是用于求解交通流量分配问题的经典算法,但该算法是基于路段（Link-Based）的交通流量分配算法,无法用于求解路径交通流量。针对此问题,提出一种用于求解路径交通量的改进Frank-Wolfe算法。通过在Frank-Wolfe原算法中增加求解路径交通流量的计算步骤,根据原算法中“全有全无”加载方法获得的步长,更新源-目的（OD）间所有已配流的路径的交通流量,在原算法迭代计算路段流量的同时,同步计算路径流量。通过算例表明,改进算法是一个有效的算法,在Frank-Wolfe原算法的基础上增加少量的时间和空间成本即可求解路径交通流量,避免穷举交通网络中的所有路径,可以很好地用于用户均衡交通流量分配中。     

Mathematical modeling of the flow in a pipeline with a leak

Pipeline leaks can lead to excessive economical loss as well as posing environmental hazards. Mathematical modeling of the flow in a pipeline with a leak can be used to evaluate the loss caused by a leak and provide a guide for pipeline operation as well as an aid for leak detection. The mathematical expressions describing the flow in a pipeline with a leak have been formulated. A new approach based on the analogy between pipeline and electric circuit has been proposed to solve these equations. In this approach, an equivalent circuit with a certain structure has been used to simulate the leaking pipeline and the flow characteristics of the pipeline end have been treated with approximation. The mathematical model of the pipeline with a leak has been developed with the solution of the equations. The model was verified by using an experimental gas pipeline and a real oil pipeline. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental recordings confirmed the accuracy of the models and the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

基于算法集成分段自适应道路检测技术研究

视觉辅助导航系统要求具有很高的稳定性和实时性,而车辆行驶过程中道路场景会发生变化,目前常用的道路检测算法难以保证在各种道路环境下都有很好的检测性能,迫切需要研究能够跟踪道路场景变化的自适应道路检测技术;提出了基于算法集成分段自适应道路检测系统,给出了系统流程及结构;实验结果表明,该方法具有自适应性强、算法设计简便、实现成本低等优点,具有很高的实用意义.     

融合智能算法的变形体碰撞检测算法研究

针对变形体碰撞检测算法的准确性与实时性问题,提出了一种融合智能算法的变形体碰撞检测算法。在随机碰撞检测的基础上,使用层次包围技术缩小粒子搜索空间,采用一种融合基于量子行为的粒子群算法与差分进化算法的混合智能算法进行搜索。该方法以局部吸引子作为差分变异基础,在扩大种群多样性的同时加快了算法收敛速度,有效地解决了传统智能算法不适应离散空间计算问题以及早熟收敛问题。针对随机碰撞粒子搜索空间特点,混合算法的引入大大提高了碰撞检测算法的检测效率,解决了检测过程中的穿刺与遗漏现象。经实验验证该方法在很大程度上提高了变形体碰撞检测的实时性与准确性。     

Terrain-Based Navigation for Underwater Vehicles Using an Ultrasonic Scanning System

In this paper an approach to the field of outdoor robotic navigation with a focus on underwater simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is proposed that utilizes ultrasonic scanning images. Experimental results from the implementation of a SLAM algorithm with real data are presented. The projected landmark detection process constructs a map of the environment and generates navigation estimates based on an adaptive delayed nearest-neighbor algorithm. The feature extraction and validation processes are resolved at the sensor level using a simple local maximum-level detection algorithm on the range data. This paper presents experimental results from our research efforts in the above area, using data from water tank trials and a remotely operated vehicle operating in a shallow water environment.     

基于AO算法的数据流频繁项集挖掘

In view of a series of problems existing in support update, window update mode and frequent k-itemset mining of traditional frequent itemset mining algorithm in data flow, which results in low efficiency of space and time,an efficient AO algorithm for mining frequent itemsets in data streams is improved. The algorithm uses the idea of sliding window to mine the data stream in blocks; when there is new data flowing in the full window, the residual insertion is used to update the data; and operation is used to solve the support degree of frequent k-itemsets, and the superset detection is combined in the mining process, which greatly improves the mining efficiency.The experimental results show that the algorithm has good superiority in both time and space efficiency.     

面向顺序存储结构的数据流分析

C程序中数组、malloc动态分配后的连续内存等顺序存储结构被大量使用，但大多数传统的数据流分析方法未能充分描述其结构及其上的操作，特别是在利用指针访问顺序存储结构时，传统的分析方法只关注了指针的指向关系，而未讨论指针可能发生偏移的数值信息，且未考虑发生偏移时可能存在越界的不安全问题，导致了对顺序存储结构分析不精确.针对以上不足，首先对顺序存储结构进行抽象建模，并对顺序存储结构与指针结合使用时的指向关系与偏移量进行有效表示，建立了用于顺序存储结构的抽象内存模型SeqMM；其次，归纳总结C程序中顺序存储结构涉及的指针相关迁移操作、谓词操作及遍历顺序存储结构的循环操作，提出了安全范围判别保证操作安全性；之后，针对函数调用时形参指针引用顺序存储结构与实参的映射过程进行过程间推导规则设计；最后，基于上述分析，提出了一种内存泄漏缺陷检测算法对5个开源C工程的内存泄漏缺陷进行检测.实验结果表明：所提出的SeqMM能够有效地刻画C程序中的顺序存储结构及其涉及的各种操作，其数据流分析结果能够用于内存泄漏的检测工作，同时在效率和精度之间取得合理的权衡.     

面向Android应用隐私泄露检测的多源污点分析技术

当前,静态污点分析检测Android应用隐私泄露存在误报率较高的问题,这给检测人员和用户带来很大的不便.针对这一问题,提出了一种多源绑定发生的污点分析技术.该技术可以精确地判断污点分析结果中多组源是否可以在一次执行中绑定发生,用户可以从单一分析1条结果转为分析有关联的多组结果,这既缩小了分析范围,又降低了检测的误报率.在精度上,该技术支持上下文敏感、流敏感、域敏感等特性,并可以有效地区分出分支互斥的情况.在效率上,提供了一种高效的实现方法,可以将高复杂度（指数级别）的分析降低为与传统方法时间相近的分析（初始阶段开销为19.7%,进一步的多源分析平均时间为0.3s）.基于此,实现了一个原型系统MultiFlow,利用其对2 116个良性手机软件和2 089个恶意手机软件进行应用,应用结果表明,多源污点分析技术可以有效地降低隐私泄露检测的误报率（减少多源对41.1%）.同时,还提出了一种污点分析结果风险评级标准,评级标准可以进一步帮助用户提高隐私泄露检测的效率.最后探讨了该技术潜在的应用场景.     

基于形态流的石油钻井水流异常检测

针对石油钻井水流的智能监控技术,可以实现石油钻井污染气体的自动监测,并最大限度地减少人工监测成本。针对现有特征提取方法不能描述水流形态变化过程,异常样本获取困难且不能完全列举,以及没有充分利用融合层信息的问题,提出了一种水流异常数据检测算法。首先,提出了一种新特征表示方法——形态流;然后,将经典的异常检测无监督神经网络GANomaly优化为残差结构;最后,在GANomaly的基础上增加了特征融合层,从而提升神经网络的学习能力。实验结果表明,改进后的算法检测精度达到了95%,相较GANomaly算法提升了5个百分点。所提算法能适用于不同场景下的水流异常数据检测,并能克服雾气对实验结果的影响。     

Model falsification diagnosis and sensor placement for leak detection in pressurized pipe networks

Pressurized pipe networks used for fresh-water distribution can take advantage of recent advances in sensing technologies and data-interpretation to evaluate their performance. In this paper, a leak-detection and a sensor placement methodology are proposed based on leak-scenario falsification. The approach includes modeling and measurement uncertainties during the leak detection process. The performance of the methodology proposed is tested on a full-scale water distribution network using simulated data. Findings indicate that when monitoring the flow velocity for 14 pipes over the entire network (295 pipes) leaks are circumscribed within a few potential locations. The case-study shows that a good detectability is expected for leaks of 50 L/min or more. A study of measurement configurations shows that smaller leak levels could also be detected if additional pipes are instrumented.     

一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法

作为体绘制中的一个经典绘制算法,光线投射算法理论简单同时能产生高质量的图像,被广泛应用于医学图像可视化领域。但在绘制过程中有大量的投射光线和体素的重采样,导致绘制速度较为缓慢。为提高绘制的速度,文中提出一种高效的光线投射体绘制算法,通过引入碰撞检测技术减少投射光线的数目,避免冗余光线的采样计算,同时采用光线跳跃方法在碰撞检测包围盒内跳过对空体素的重采样,加快了光线合成的过程。实验结果表明,改进后的算法不仅能保证所需要的图像质量,还能大幅度地减少采样计算的时间,高效地提高绘制速度。     

Relative Flow Estimates for Shot Boundary Detection

This paper proposes a simple approach based on Relative Flow Estimates (RFE) for shot cut detection. The property of Relative flow estimates can be used for abrupt cut detection and a correction mechanism for gradual camera-shot transition detection (e.g., fade-in and fade-out, dissolves, wipes). The exacted feature vector in each frame can be mapped into a 3-D space along the continuous time axis, and these feature data can be treated as a virtually constructed pipe with fluid flowing in the 3-D axis. Compared with existing approaches, the new RFE-based algorithm can directly detect shot cut. A wide range of test videos are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the new scheme can produce promising results.