用C60为空穴缓冲层的高效率有机电致发光器件

以富勒烯C60作为空穴注入缓冲层，在结构为ITO／C60／TPD／Alq3/LiF/Al的器件中，改善了器件的发光效率。研究了C60厚度对器件发光特性的影响。当C60厚度为1.6nm时，器件发光效率最高。在电流密度为100mA/cm^2时，该器件的效率比没有缓冲层的器件提高近一倍。     

ZnS薄膜参数对有机/无机复合发光器件特性的影响

半导体量子点(QDs)具有发光效率高和发光波长可调等特点。采用胶体CdSe QDs作电致发光器件的有源材料,TPD(N,N′-biphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine)作空穴传输层,ZnS作电子传输层,研究了有机/无机复合发光器件ITO/TPD/CdSe QDs/ZnS/Ag的电致发光特性。TPD和CdSe QDs薄膜采用旋涂方法、ZnS薄膜采用磁控溅射方法沉积,器件表面平整。CdSe QDs的光致发光和电致发光谱峰位波长均位于～580 nm,属于量子点的带边激子发光。我们与以前的ITO/ZnS/CdSe QDs/ZnS/Ag发光器件结构进行了对比,发现新的器件结构的电致发光谱没有观察到QDs表面态的发光,而且新器件的发光强度是ITO/ZnS/CdSe QDs/ZnS/Ag结构的～10倍。发光效率的提高归因于碰撞激发与载流子注入两种发光机制并存的结果：一方面电子经过ZnS 层加速后,碰撞激发CdSe QDs发光;另一方面,空穴从TPD层注入CdSe QDs 与QDs中激发的电子复合发光。我们进一步研究了ZnS电子加速层厚度对发光特性的影响,选择ZnS薄膜的厚度分别是80,120 和160 nm,发现随着ZnS层厚度增大,器件启亮电压升高,EL强度增大,但是击穿电压降低。EL峰位随着ZnS厚度的减小发生明显蓝移,对上述实验现象进行了机理解释。     

纳米ZnO薄膜对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

由于有机电致发光器件(Organic light-emitting devices,OLEDs)的主动发光、高亮度等优点,在显示和照明领域有极大的应用前景。报道了纳米ZnO薄膜对这种发光器件性能的影响。在普通有机电致发光器件空穴传输层和发光层之间直接蒸镀一层纳米ZnO薄膜,当纳米ZnO薄膜的厚度为1nm时,器件的电流效率可达3.26cd/A,是没有纳米ZnO薄膜同类器件的1.24倍。适当厚度的纳米ZnO薄膜降低了发光层空穴的浓度,提高了电子和空穴的平衡,从而提高了器件的效率。     

ZnSe(ZnS)纳米晶与MEH-PPV的共掺有机电致发光器件

采用水相法合成核壳结构ZnSe/ZnS 纳米晶,经X射线衍射(XRD)分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征,证实所制备的样品为立方晶型闪锌矿结构ZnSe/ZnS量子点。按照一定的质量比将ZnSe/ZnS 纳米晶和有机聚合物MEH-PPV(poly ) 共掺并将其作为发光层,分别制备单层和多层有机电致发光器件,结构为ITO/MEH-PPV∶ZnSe(ZnS)(50 nm)/Al和 ITO/PEDOT∶PSS(70 nm)/ MEH-PPV∶ZnSe(ZnS)(50 nm)/BCP(15 nm)/Alq₃(12 nm) /LiF(0.5 nm)/Al。实验结果表明,多层发光器件的发光特性与单层器件不同,工作电压的增大使其发光峰发生了明显的蓝移。     

DPVBi为激子阻挡层的亚单层有机发光器件的制备与光电性能研究

结合亚单层的有机发光技术,制备了一种多层有机电致发光器件,其结构为ITO/m-MTDATA (50nm)/ C545T (0.05nm) /DPVBi (d nm)/DCM2(0.05nm)/ Alq (60nm) /LiF(1nm) /Al.荧光材料C545T和DCM2以亚单层的方式插入DPVBi前后,通过改变DPVBi的厚度,观察器件性能的变化,当DPVBi为4 nm时,器件在4V电压下最大发光效率是4.19 cd/A,在13 V电压下最大亮度是17050 cd/m2.分析对比了四种不同厚度器件的电流密度-电压曲线、亮度-电压曲线、电致发光光谱图和色坐标,发现选择合适厚度的激子阻挡层,可以得到效率较高的器件.激子阻挡层一般选择载流子传输能力较差,HOMO能级较低的材料.所得结果对有机发光器件尤其是采用亚单层有机白光器件的设计和制作有一定的指导作用.     

室温下磁场对基于Alq3的有机电致发光器件的影响

制备了ITO/NPB/LiF/Alq₃/LiF/Al的器件,测量了该组器件效率和亮度的磁效应.结果表明,在50 mT磁场中,当LiF缓冲层厚度为0.8 nm时,器件的效率最大增加了12.4%,磁致亮度最大变化率17%.同时,制备的磷光器件ITO/NPB/LiF/CBP:6 wt% Ir(ppy)₃/BCP/Alq₃/ LiF/Al,在50mT磁场作用下,当LiF缓冲层的厚度为0.8 nm时,器件的效率最大增加12.1%.在Alq_{3 关键词： 有机发光 磁场 效率 磁致亮度}     

缓冲夹层影响异质结有机光伏器件性能研究

制备了结构为CuPc/缓冲层/C60异质结的有机光伏器件,分别选用三氧化钼和红荧烯为缓冲层,研究了增加缓冲层对器件性能的影响.结果表明,增加三氧化钼和红荧烯缓冲层后器件的开路电压和光电转换效率都得到提高,器件的短路电流密度和填充因子都有所降低.开路电压从没有缓冲层时的0.39V分别提高到0.58V、0.55V,转换效率从0.36%提高到0.44%,短路电流从1.92mA/cm2分别降低到1.77mA/cm2、1.81mA/cm2,填充因子从0.48分别减少到0.43、0.44.进一步研究表明器件的短路电流密度受缓冲层厚度的影响很大,当缓冲层厚度很小时,器件短路电流密度还有所增加,但随着缓冲层厚度的增加,短路电流密度逐渐减小,当缓冲层厚度为10nm时,器件短路电流密度减少到0.35mA/cm2.开路电压随着厚度的增加逐渐增加,从1nm时的0.43V增加10nm时0.63V.根据整数电荷转移模型和界面能级理论解释有机光伏器件开路电压提高以及短路电流密度减少的原因,为有机太阳能电池性能的改善提供了研究方法.     

非掺杂型高效绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

在空穴传输层TCTA与电子传输层TPBi之间引入磷光染料Ir(ppy)3超薄发光层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(2 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/Ir(ppy)3(xnm)/TPBi(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的非掺杂磷光有机电致发光器件。通过调控非掺杂发光层的厚度,详细研究了Ir(ppy)3层厚度对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当非掺杂发光层厚度为0.2 nm时,器件的性能最好,器件的亮度、效率和外量子效率分别达到26 350 cd·m~(-2)、42.9 cd·A~(-1)和12.9%。研究结果表明,采用超薄的非掺杂发光层可以简化器件结构和制备工艺,获得高效率的OLED器件。     

利用LiF空穴阻挡/激子限制层提高有机电致发光器件效率

将厚度为0.5 nm的LiF薄层引入到双层有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)的Alq3发光/电子传输层中作为空穴阻挡/激子限制层,研究其位置对器件光电性能的影响。发现LiF薄层在不同位置均明显提高器件的发光效率,当LiF薄膜距离TPD/Alq3界面20~40 nm时,OLEDs的最大发光效率约为4.5 cd/A,是对比器件(没有LiF薄层)的1.8倍。OLEDs的电流密度随着减小LiF薄层与阴极的距离而增大。研究表明,这是因为LiF薄层可有效阻挡进入复合发光区域未复合的过剩空穴并导致其积累,空穴积累可提高电子传输区域中的电场,提高其中电子的传输和从阴极的注入,从而提高复合发光区域中的载流子平衡及其复合几率;LiF薄层可将激子限制在复合发光区域,减少激子被阴极淬灭的几率。     

不同厚度红色有机微腔电致发光器件性能研究

设计并制作了三个不同厚度的红色有机微腔电致发光器件,器件结构是:Glass/DBR/ITO(厚度分别为150,182,196nm)/NPB(82nm)/DCM-Alq3(71nm)/Mg-Ag(70nm)。实验结果表明,随着氧化铟锡(ITO)的厚度增加,导致整个微腔器件的腔长度增加,器件的谐振模式(发光峰值)改变,由604nm红移到640nm最后到656nm。CIE色坐标由(0.52,0.48)变至(0.61,0.37)至(0.61,0.38),色纯度逐渐提高。性能较好的是ITO厚度为150nm的微腔器件,中心波长位于604nm处,最大亮度达到32008cd/m2,最大电流效率为3.15cd/A。这表明ITO厚度对微腔有机电致发光器件的发光性能有着很大影响。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.