乳液浸渍法制备纳米TiO2／硅藻土复合材料

采用常压液相两步水解法制备了混晶纳米TiO2,并利用原料OP制成了分散良好的乳液,采用浸渍法制备了一系列固载量不同的纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料,并利用SEM,XRD,EDS及吸附和光催化降解酸性大红3R实验等对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的材料为平均粒径12nm的锐钛矿型和金红石型混合晶型的TiO2与多孔硅藻土的复合材料.同时确定了降解酸性大红3R染料的最佳固载量为23%..证明了催化反应发生在催化剂表面,而非本体溶液中.     

酸对合成二氧化钛介孔材料的影响

以硫酸和乙酸为酸度调节试剂,采用Sol-Gel过程和水热处理结合,在没有添加任何表面活性剂作模板剂的条件下,通过钛酸丁酯（TBOT）在酸性体系中的控制水解和自组装制备TiO₂介孔材料.产物采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附等温线、TG-DSC进行分析表征.通过选择酸的种类和控制酸的浓度,添加配位抑制剂TEA减缓Ti的水解速率,可合成介孔纯TiO₂材料.使用硫酸（H₂SO₄∶TBOT＝1∶1,摩尔比）和TEA制备出比表面积为176m²/g,孔容为0.222cm³/g,平均孔径约5nm,孔径分布窄,热稳定性较好的TiO₂介孔材料.     

TiO_2纳米管/碳纳米管复合材料光催化降解玫瑰红染料废水的研究

主要介绍水热法制备TiO2纳米管/碳纳米管(TiO2/CNT)复合材料及其光催化降解染料废水的研究。结果表明,用水热法制备出的TiO2纳米管和CNT的掺杂比例为5∶1时,TiO2纳米管/碳纳米管(TiO2/CNT)复合材料光催化降解玫瑰红染料废水的效果最佳,而且TiO2纳米管/碳纳米管复合材料具有较好的稳定性。研究证实了TiO2纳米管/碳纳米管复合材料对玫瑰红染料废水在模拟太阳光照射下具有较好的光催化效果。     

酸碱条件对水玻璃为源制备SiO2气凝胶的影响

以廉价的工业水玻璃为凝胶前躯体,柠檬酸为凝胶促进剂,使用溶胶-凝胶与CO2超临界干燥工艺制备了块状的SiO2气凝胶,并探讨了酸性和碱性条件对所制备SiO2气凝胶结构与性能的影响.实验结果表明:水玻璃在酸性条件(pH≈4)和碱性条件(pH≈10)下均可以制备出完整、无开裂的二氧化硅气凝胶块体样品,酸性和碱性环境对水凝胶和最终SiO2气凝胶结构和性能的影响较大.酸性条件下获得的水凝胶呈透明块体,而碱性条件下所得水凝胶为白色不透明体.与碱性条件下制备的SiO2气凝胶相比,酸性条件下所得气凝胶具有更高的比表面积、较大的密度以及尺寸较小的胶体粒子.     

原位化学法制备纳米ZrO2/Cu复合材料的研究

为了提高铜基复合材料的强度和电导率,采用具有良好机械性能和热物理性能的ZrO2(3%(摩尔分数)Y2O3)作为增强相,原位化学法制备了ZrO2纳米颗粒增强铜基复合材料,其主要制备工艺包括前驱复合粉体CuO、ZrO2的制备,经氢气还原得到ZrO2/Cu复合粉,再经过压制,真空烧结,复压等工序制得最后的样品.研究了制备工艺包括初压压力,烧结温度、时间对材料性能的影响;结果表明,在初压压力为550MPa,975℃烧结1.5h时,可得到最佳性能复合材料.透射电镜观察表明,在ZrO2/Cu纳米复合粉中,氧化锆纳米颗粒形状为圆形和四方形,平均尺寸约为20nm左右.纳米ZrO2在基体中分布均匀,细化了晶粒,提高材料硬度,使复合材料具有良好的综合性能.随着ZrO2含量的提高,密度、电导率降低,硬度升高.     

纳米TiO2/SiO2复合催化剂的制备与表征

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体,冰醋酸作为水解抑制剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合物.讨论了加水量、稳定剂、催化剂、乙醇用量、反应温度等工艺因素对制备过程的影响.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、比表面积仪等测试手段对纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子进行了表征.结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/SO2复合光催化粒子,整个反应采用滴加方式;各反应组分用量为n(TEOS+TBOT) :n(EtOH) :n(HCl) :n(H2O)=1 :16 :0.06 :4,n(TBOT) :n(HAc)=1 :0.6;反应温度为室温.制备得到的纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子主要以锐钛矿型存在;SiO进入TiO2晶体结构中,两者以化学键相结合;TiO2/SiO2复合粒子的比表面积要比纯TiO2粒子的比表面积大得多,当xTi :xsi=3时,TiO2/SiO2复合粒子比表面积达389.11 m2/g.     

以稻壳为模板合成Co-TiO2-SiO2光催化降解染料

以稻壳为模板和硅源制备Co-TiO2-SiO2介孔材料,研究了太阳光下对罗丹明B和龙胆紫染料的光催化活性,探讨了相同条件下SiO2、Co-SiO2、TiO2-SiO2的催化活性.结果表明,Co-TiO2-SiO2在太阳光下对罗丹明B和龙胆紫的催化活性明显高于SiO2、Co-SiO2、TiO2-SiO2,降解率分别为70%和58%.更重要的是Co-TiO2-SiO2对蒽醌结构的染料罗丹明B的降解活性远远高于对苯环结构染料的龙胆紫的催化活性.     

纳米TiO2的制备及其性能研究

以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为前驱物、乙醇(EtOH)为溶剂、水为反应剂、盐酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了无色透明TiO2溶胶和纳米TiO2粉体.运用正交试验设计和极差分析,优化了制备无色透明TiO2溶胶的工艺.利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)分析了溶胶的光学性能,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了凝胶的分子结构...     

组分对Ti3SiC2/Cu复合材料性能的影响

用热压法制备出Ti3SiC2/Cu复合材料,对复合材料的密度、弯曲强度和电阻率进行测试,并研究了组分对材料性能影响.研究结果表明,在复合材料中Ti3SiC2体积分数为50％～70％的实验范围内,不同组分的复合材料具有不同的最佳烧结温度,烧结温度过高时会对材料性能产生不利影响.相同工艺参数下,随着铜含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度升高、电阻率降低.提高致密度可在提高复合材料抗弯强度的同时降低材料的电阻率.     

2A12铝合金黑色氧化膜制备工艺

为提高2A12铝合金表面的消光和耐腐蚀性能,对其阳极氧化后采用有机染料+无机染料的复合法染色,优化了无机染料染色的工艺条件,探讨了优化工艺复合染色后氧化膜的膜重、耐盐雾腐蚀性和抗太阳辐射性,并与国内常用的苯胺黑法和FeSO4+Na2S法进行比较.结果表明:复合染色法中无机染料染色最佳工艺为70 g/L Na2S,1.0 g/L可溶性铵盐促进剂,pH值为7,温度25～30℃,时间2～5 min;与另2种黑色染色法相比,复合染色法制得的黑色氧化膜更重,抗太阳辐射性能和耐腐蚀性能显著提高.     

Thermal conductivity of the system N2O4 ⇄ 2NO2 ⇄ 2NO + O2

Experimental data on the thermal conductivity of dissociating nitrogen tetroxide have been obtained by the hot-wire method in the temperature range from 290 to 870° K at pressures up to 10⁵ N/m².     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Crystallization of mica in the K2O-SiO2-MgO-MgF2 glass system

The growth of crystalline mica in K₂O-SiO₂-MgO-MgF₂ glass has been studied and characterised through various techniques, viz. differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopy (SEM), and microhardness tests. It is observed that the addition of titania has a stronger influence on the growth of mica crystallites as compared to variation in heat treatment schedules.     

Formation and crystallization of gels in the Na2O-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 system

5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) gels together with Na₂O-MO₂ gels (MO₂ = SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂) were synthesized and effect of Na₂O addition to the gel formation and crystallization behavior were studied. From Si(OC₂H₅)₄, Ti(iso-OC₃H₇)₄, Zr(n-OC₃H₇)₄ and NaOCH₃ solutions in EtOH without H₂O, transparent, opaque and heterogeneous gels were obtained. By SEM observation, it was found that the opague bulk gels, rich in TiO₂ or ZrO₂ component, contain agglomerated spherical particles of less than 10 m diameter. Crystallization temperature (Tc) measured by DTA decreased sharply from 1258°C (SiO₂) to 613°C (30Na₂O·70SiO₂) due to the increasing non-bridging oxygens in the Na₂O-SiO₂ system. But in the Na₂O-TiO₂ and Na₂O-ZrO₂ systems, Tc increased as Na₂O content was increased up to 10 mol%. The thermal stability, defined by Tc/TL ratio, decreased from Tc/TL = 0.77 (SiO₂) to 0.57 (5Na₂O·95SiO₂) or increased from Tc/TL = 0.30 (TiO₂) to 0.67 (30Na₂O·70TiO₂) with Na₂O addition. In the 5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) system maximum Tc was 891°C at 5Na₂O·76SiO₂·19ZrO₂ composition and decreased as TiO₂ or ZrO₂ contents increased. Compared with the SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂ gels, Tc of the 5 mol%Na₂O containing gels (Na₂O-SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂) was lower in SiO₂ rich composition and higher in TiO₂ or ZrO₂ rich compositions. It is assumed that addition of Na₂O changed the structure of amorphous TiO₂ and ZrO₂ someway to increase their thermal stability or amorphous forming ability. After DTA run up to 1000°C, cystalline phases precipitated in the 5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) gels were determined by XRD analysis.     

Optimal Spectrum for the Borocarbides YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C

The concept of an optimal electron–phonon interaction spectral density as an Einstein spectrum which allows to describe all physical properties of a superconductor in an optimal way is developed from Carbotte's original definition of an optimum spectrum. It is shown, using the borocarbides YNi₂B₂C and LuNi₂B₂C as examples, that such a concept is meaning ful even for anisotropic systems. An Einstein spectrum is sufficient for clean-limit systems, a 2-peak spectrum is better suited for anisotropic systems with impurities.