棕胸竹鸡觅食行为的观察

对笼养条件下棕胸竹鸡（Bambusicola fytchii fytchii）每日的觅食节律的时间、频次、求偶取食行为和社群等级之间的关系进行了观察。结果表明：影响棕胸竹鸡觅食行为的主要因素是一天中它在地面上活动、静栖、游走及饮水等项行为所占时间的长短。影响求偶取食行为的主要因素是它在地面上活动的总时间和理羽、攻击及其它的求偶活动所占的时间多少。社群等级对棕胸竹鸡的觅食行为有一定的影响,但不甚显著。     

豹冬季生态的初步研究

１９８８－１９９０年间、作者于每年的１１月至翌年２月在山西庞泉沟自然保护区对豹（Ｐａｎｔｈｅｒａｐａｒｄｕｓ）的冬季生态进行了研究，指出豹在冬季的活动路线不甚固定。冬雪覆盖后，活动半径１３－１５ｋｍ，且有时在居民区附近觅食。冬季以狍（Ｃａｐｒｅｏｌａｒｃａｐｒｅｏｌｕｓ），野猪（Ｓｕｓｓｃｒｏｆａ）为主要食物。其日活动规律为黄昏时下山，拂晓时上山、白昼潜伏于密林深处，在冬季有“雪浴”的习性。     

笼养黄腹角雉繁殖期取食活动性的研究

笼养条件下黄腹角雉繁殖期的日取食活动呈现早、中、晚三个高峰;雄鸟在交配前后的日取食活动无显著差异,雌鸟的日取食活动在不同繁殖阶段则出现规律性的变化。逐步回归分析的结果表明:影响雄鸟取食的主要因素是总活动时间、炫耀次数和走动时间,影响雌鸟取食的因素主要是理羽时间、飞行次数和跳跃次数。     

香鼬的活动节律和巢区

本文采用无线电遥测技术对栖息在自然环境中香鼬（Ｍｕｓｔｅａｌａｌｔａｉｃａ）的活动节律及其巢区进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,香鼬多营独居生活．除繁殖期外,无论雌雄个体均无长期稳定的巢穴,经常更换活动的位置。香鼬的每日活动主要为玩耍、自身的修饰、光浴、探视和取食,在繁殖期还有育幼及对幼鼬的保护。在不同时期香鼬日活动高峰和巢区大小均有不同。幼鼬出洞活动前,其亲体雌性成鼬活动呈现两个明显的高峰,１１：００～１３：００和１６：００～１７：００,雄性成鼬则只有一个活动高峰在１１：００左右;在这一时期,成体香鼬的地面活动高峰与其食物──高原鼠兔的地面活动高峰不相吻合,雌性成鼬的巢区面积为７．２１ｈａ,雄性成鼬的巢区面积为１１．７ｈａ。幼鼬出洞活动后,雌性成鼬的活动高峰为８：００～９：００和１７：００～１９：００,巢区面积平均为８２．７２ｈａ。幼鼬扩散期间;雌性成鼬的活动高峰期分别为８：００～９：００和１５：００～２０：００。在这两个时期。成体香鼬的地面活动高峰与高原鼠兔的地面活动高峰趋于一致。影响香鼬活动和巢区大小的主要因素是食物的丰富度、猎物的活动性和繁殖行为,同时种群密度也是主要因素之一。     

年龄、集群、生境及天气对鄱阳湖白鹤越冬期日间行为模式的影响

于2012年1—3月和2012年12—2013年3月,采用瞬时扫描法研究了鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区越冬白鹤(Grusleucogeranus)的昼间时间分配模式和日活动节律,分析了年龄、集群大小、生境类型和天气对白鹤越冬行为的影响。结果表明,白鹤越冬期的主要行为有觅食、警戒、理羽、游走、休息和争斗。其中,觅食是鄱阳湖越冬白鹤主要行为,占其昼间活动时间的82.94%;警戒占11.94%,理羽占3.52%,游走占1.88%,休息占0.15%,争斗占0.02%。白鹤在越冬期间的觅食、游走、休息和争斗行为存在明显的昼间节律性,其中游走、觅食和争斗行为在每天的上午和下午各存在1个高峰,休息行为在中午出现一个高峰;警戒和理羽行为则没有显著的昼间节律变化。年龄、集群大小、天气和生境对白鹤的越冬行为具有显著的影响:幼鹤取食的时间显著多于成鹤,而警戒时间则显著的小于成鹤;与家庭群中的个体相比,集体群中的个体取食和争斗时间显著增加,警戒时间显著减少;在天气晴朗时,白鹤的警戒时间显著大于阴天的警戒时间,取食时间则显著少于阴天时白鹤的取食时间;白鹤在大风天气显著增加理羽行为;在有雾的天气会显著增加取食时间,减少警戒时间。在草洲和浅水两种生境中,白鹤的游走和理羽行为存在显著差异,而觅食和警戒行为没有显著的差异,这可能源于草洲和浅水生境相互毗邻,并且具有相同程度的人为干扰。GLM分析结果表明,年龄和集群大小、年龄和生境、集群大小和天气、集群大小和生境、天气和生境对白鹤昼间时间分配模式的影响存在显著交互效应。     

降水与长爪沙鼠种群数量关系

根据１９８１－１９９３年内蒙古鄂尔多斯荒漠草原年降水和四季降水、长爪沙鼠Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ ｕｎｇｕｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ年均密度、４－５、１０－１１月密度监测资料,利用多元回归分析方法,得到如下结论：（１）年降水量,特别是夏季降水量,是影响鼠密度的一个主要因素,其标准回归系数关系方程为：（年均密度）＇＝０．６０６６（年降水量）＇（Ｐ〈０．０５）ＮＭｓｐｒ＇＝０．２０５５Ｒｓｐｒ＇＋０．５３１２Ｒｓｕｍ＇     

棉铃虫的飞翔活动

实验研究表明,棉铃虫初羽化个体极少活动,１日龄以后活动趋于频繁。个体日活动以２０：００￣２１：００和３：００￣５：００为２个高峰期,１￣３日龄主要以交配和觅食为主,４日龄以后多表现产卵活动。３￣６日龄成虫的飞翔能力最强,连续吊飞第６日龄个体,其平均累计飞行时间达４１．３０ｈ,平均飞行距离２３９．７ｋｍ,个体最远飞行距离３１１．２９ｋｍ,最长飞行时间５９．６８ｈ,最大飞行速度３．２１ｍ／ｓ。棉铃虫在     

四种禾本科牧草植物光合特性的初步研究

对４种热带牧草植物叶面入射光强、叶面温度、净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、气孔导度的测定结果显示：盛夏季节叶面入射光强和叶面温度日变化显著,分别介于１００－１７００ μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１ｔ　３３． ２－４３℃之间;不同牧草种类之间净光合速率存在差异但日变化进程类似,即１０：００前最大,介于３５．６－４２／μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１之间,之后随光强和叶面温度的增加而下降,按日平均值排序为皇草（２５．７μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）＞墨西哥玉米（２４．２ μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）、杂交狼尾草（２４．２ μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）＞矮象草（１９．１μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１）;（３）矮象草午休期间气孔导度的下降以及其它３种牧草气孔导度的提高是植物对高温胁迫的不同适应策略．     

壁山县农田生态系统中氮肥利用与平衡的研究

壁山县农田生态系统中氮肥利用与平衡的研究何新华（云南师范大学生物系,昆明６５００９２）ＮＢａｌａｎｃｅｉｎＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＢｉｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙａｆｔｅｒＡｐｐｌｙｉｎｇＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｏｕｓＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓ￥ＨｅＸｉｎｈｕａ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ－ｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＹｕｎｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｋｕｎｍｉｎｇ,６５００９２）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（５）：２９－３５。Ｔｈｅｉｎｐｕｔａｎｄｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｇｒａｉｎｙｉｅｌｄｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９４９－１９８０ｉｎＢｉｓｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙａｒｅａｎａｌｙｓｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｉｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｉｔｓａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ（－３１．６％,＋１４．０％）ａｎｄｔｈｅｒａ－ｔｉｏｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃ－Ｎｔｏｃｈｅｍｌｃａｌ－Ｎｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｎｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ（２．００：０．６７）．Ｉｔｉｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｔｈａｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｂａｌ－ａｎｃｅｃａｎｂｅｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｐｌａ     

北京山区辽东栎林土壤释放CO_2的模拟实验研究

模拟北京山区辽东栎林群落,对该类型土壤释放ＣＯ２过程进行了连续３ａ的实验研究,结果表明：辽东栎林土壤呼吸强度平均为５．９２±１．３２μｍｏｌＣＯ２ｍ－２ｓ－１,在不同月份中,以８月份最高,１０月最低,依次为８月＞７月＞６月＞９月＞１０月（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１３：００为土壤日呼吸的最高峰。温度为影响土壤呼吸的主要因子,二者存在极显著相关关系（ｒ＝０．５６６８,ｐ＜０．００１,ｎ＝９４）。据３ａ观测的土壤呼吸日平均值计算得出,模拟辽东栎林土壤释放ＣＯ２的通量估计范围为１７１．５～２７５．１ｋｇＣＯ２ｈｍ－２ｄ－１,平均为２２３．３ｋｇＣＯ２ｈｍ－２ｄ－１。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.