In situ technique for synthesizing multiple ceramic particulates reinforced titanium matrix composites (TiB + TiC + Y2O3)/Ti

In situ synthesized titanium matrix composites reinforced with multiple ceramic particulates including TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ were fabricated by non-consumable arc-melting technique utilizing the chemical reaction among Ti, B₂O₃, B₄C and Y. The thermodynamic feasibility of the in situ reactions has been considered. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases in the composites. Microstructures of the composites were observed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe. It is concluded that multiple reinforcements are synthesized and they show different shapes: TiB grows in needle shape; TiC grows in near-equiaxed and rod-like shapes; Y₂O₃ grows in near-equiaxed shapes when the content of Y is 0.6 wt.% and grows in dendritic shapes when the content of Y increases to 1.8 wt.%. Reinforcements TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ are distributed uniformly in the titanium matrix.     

Ti3 SiC2 复合材料耐磨性能研究

Ti₃SiC₂是一种六方晶体结构的特殊陶瓷材料,兼具金属与陶瓷的优异性能,拥有优良的高温强度、抗氧化性及可加工性等优点,广泛应用于耐磨润滑材料。本文综述其同金属和SiC、金刚石、TiC、Al₂O₃等复合后的优异性能和广阔应用,并展望其在和金属、陶瓷、金刚石等材料复合领域的研究方向。      

Influence of Al2O3 or ZrO2 particulate addition on the microstructure aspects of AlNi and AlSi alloys

Different metal/ceramic composites (Al7Si0.3Mg, Al3Ni, Al6Ni, Al9Ni) reinforced with Al₂O₃ or ZrO₂ were prepared by vortex method. Metallographic investigations reveal that in all the composites -Al did not nucleate on the reinforcement particulates. The particulates were generally observed to be located in the last freezing regions regardless of matrix alloy, particulate type or size. The reason for that was the mismatch in the thermal diffusivity between the ceramic particulates and matrix alloys. SEM micrographs show that the presence of the particulates in the AlSi alloy tends to modify the silicon eutectic. In contrast, the addition of the particulates into AlNi alloys did not result in a significant modification of the NiAl₃ phase, but it displaced the eutectic point to lower Ni content.     

采用Au基钎料真空钎焊Al2O3陶瓷

首先选用AgCuTi活性钎料在880℃/10 min参数下对A1₂O₃陶瓷表面进行金属化处理,之后尽量去除金属化层中的AgCu共晶组织,然后选用两种Au基高温钎料在980℃/10 min参数下对金属化后的A1₂O₃进行了钎焊连接.结果表明,在Al₂O₃/Au-Ni/Al₂O₃接头中靠近Al₂O₃母材的界面处生成一层薄薄的扩散反应层,该反应层主要由TiO₂和Al₂O₃组成;在Al₂O₃/Au-Cu/Al₂O₃接头中同样存在扩散反应层,与前者不同的是,接头中检测到Ti-Au相的存在.分别对Au-Ni和Au-Cu两种钎料获得的Al₂O₃接头进行了抗剪强度测试,前者对应接头强度为95.5 MPa,后者对应接头强度达到102.3 MPa.     

B2O3含量对SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O系陶瓷结合剂结构与性能的影响

制备不同B₂O₃含量的SiO₂–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃–Na₂O系玻璃试样和陶瓷结合剂试样,利用电子多功能实验机、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、平面流淌法、热膨胀系数测试仪等分别测试不同玻璃试样的密度和显微硬度,陶瓷结合剂试样的抗折强度、微观形貌和热膨胀系数等,并用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对陶瓷结合剂的结构和成分变化进行分析。结果表明:将B₂O₃引入陶瓷结合剂中可有效降低其烧结温度,提高其热稳定性并调节其热膨胀系数等。在陶瓷结合剂中加入摩尔分数为15%的B₂O₃时,其样条抗折强度最高为78.11 MPa,密度和硬度最高分别为2.45 g/cm3和856 MPa,且该陶瓷结合剂的热膨胀系数与金刚石最匹配。X射线衍射分析结果表明陶瓷结合剂是典型的玻璃相结构,且对磨料有良好的包覆效果。      

Pt改性对NiAl涂层氧化性能及显微组织的影响

使用大气等离子喷涂技术在哈氏合金X基体上制备NiAl涂层,再采用最优工艺在NiAl涂层上电镀Pt并进行真空扩散制备出高性能的Ni-Al-Pt涂层. 对NiAl涂层和Pt改性涂层进行高温氧化试验,观察并分析两种涂层的氧化行为、相成分以及微观组织. 氧化动力学曲线结果显示,与原始涂层相比,Pt改性涂层的氧化动力学曲线更接近抛物线,且氧化后期涂层增重较为缓慢. XRD结果表明,Pt改性涂层氧化初期即可在表面快速形成连续致密的Al₂O₃膜,氧化至90 h时,涂层表面仍主要为α-Al₂O₃. SEM结果显示,Pt改性涂层氧化30 min后,涂层表面出现θ-Al₂O₃和α-Al₂O₃的混生结构. 氧化35 h后,θ-Al₂O₃基本转化为连续致密的α-Al₂O₃. 氧化至90 h时,涂层表面主要由呈片状结构的α-Al₂O₃和团聚成球的NiO组成,涂层仍具有更高的抗氧化性能.     

Al2O3/TiB2/Al复合材料的微观结构和高温力学性能

以细雾化铝粉和TiB₂颗粒为原料,通过粉末冶金和热轧制制备微米TiB₂和纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强铝基复合材料。室温时,由于TiB₂和Al₂O₃的综合强化作用,Al₂O₃/TiB₂/Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为258.7 MPa和279.3 MPa,测试温度升至350℃时,TiB₂颗粒的增强效果显著减弱,原位纳米Al₂O₃颗粒与位错的交互作用使得复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到98.2MPa和122.5 MPa。经350℃退火1000 h后,由于纳米Al₂O₃对晶界的钉扎作用抑制晶粒长大,强度和硬度未发生显著的降低。     

表面活化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金真空钎焊

采用Al-Si钎料对经过Ag-Cu-Ti粉末活性金属化处理的Al₂O₃陶瓷与5005铝合金进行了真空钎焊,研究了钎焊接头的典型界面组织,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构特征及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头典型界面结构为5005铝合金/α-Al+θ-Al₂Cu+ξ-Ag₂Al/ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu+Al₃Ti/Ti₃Cu₃O/Al₂O₃陶瓷. 钎焊过程中,Al-Si钎料与活性元素Ti及铝合金母材发生冶金反应,实现对两侧母材的连接. 随着钎焊温度的升高,陶瓷侧Ti₃Cu₃O活化反应层的厚度逐渐变薄,溶解进钎缝中的Ag和Cu与Al反应加剧,生成ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu金属间化合物的数量增多,铝合金的晶间渗入明显;随钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增加后降低,当钎焊温度为610 ℃时,接头强度最高达到15 MPa.     

真空退火处理对冷喷涂铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用冷喷涂增材制造工艺制备了Al-25Al₂O₃、Al-50Al₂O₃和Al-75Al₂O₃(体积分数,%)具有不同体积含量Al₂O₃颗粒的铝基复合材料,并采用SEM、EBSD、硬度测试和拉伸测试等测试方法分析了真空退火处理对冷喷涂铝基复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒的加入增加了冷喷涂增材材料的强度和硬度,并随着Al₂O₃含量的增加而增强。这是由于冷喷涂过程中Al₂O₃颗粒的锤击作用导致机械互锁以及严重塑性变形和动态再结晶引起的晶粒细化。退火后材料的强度和硬度将逐渐降低,伸长率逐渐增加,材料内部的组织结构逐渐变得均匀。     

烧结压力对热压掺钙铬酸镧陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用热压法在不同烧结压力下制备了高密度掺钙铬酸镧基陶瓷(La_0.8Ca_0.2Cr_0.98O₃),研究了烧结压力对La_0.8Ca_0.2Cr_0.98O₃陶瓷微观结构、力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明,当烧结压力大于58 MPa时,在烧结陶瓷中检测到第二相CaCr₂O₄的存在。CaCr₂O₄在烧结陶瓷中有两种完全不同的形态。烧结压力的提高不仅可以提高铬酸镧基陶瓷的密度,同时能显著抑制晶粒长大。随着烧结压力的增加,弯曲强度和硬度逐渐增加,但是断裂韧度和电导率发生下降。     

Enhancing High-Temperature Strength and Thermal Stability of Al_2O_3/Al Composites by High-Temperature Pre-treatment of Ultrafine Al Powders

Amorphous Al_2 O_3-reinforced Al composite(am-Al_2 O_3/Al) compacted from ultrafine Al powders for high-temperature usages confronts with drawbacks because crystallization of am-Al_2 O_3 at high temperatures will result in serious strength loss.Aiming at this unsolved problem,in this study,high-temperature Al materials with enhanced thermal stability were developed through introducing more thermally stable nano-sized particles via high-temperature pre-treatment of ultrafine A1 powders.It was found that the pre-treatment at ≤550℃ could introduce a few Al_2 O_3 in the Al matrix and increase the strength of the composites,but the strength was still below that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al because without being pinned firmly,grain boundaries(GBs) were softened at high temperature and intergranular fracture happened.When the pre-treatment was carried out at 600℃,nitridation and oxidation processes happened simultaneously,producing large numbers of intergranular(AlN+γ-Al_2 O_3) particles.GB sliding and intergranular fracture were suppressed;therefore,higher strength than that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al was realized.Furthermore,the(AIN+γ-Al_2 O_3)/Al exhibited more superior thermal stability compared to amAl_2 O_3/Al for annealing treatment at 580℃ for 8 h.Therefore,an effective way to fabricate high-temperature Al composite with enhanced thermal stability was developed in this study.     

Effects of Forming Conditions and TiC–TiB_2 Contents on the Microstructures of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesized NiAl–TiC–TiB_2 Composites

The NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites were processed by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method using raw powders of Ni, Al, Ti, B4 C, TiC, and TiB2, and their microstructure and micro-hardness were investigated. The TiC–TiB2 in NiAl matrix, with contents from 10 to 30 wt%, emerged with the use of two methods: in situ formed and externally added. The results show that all final products are composed of three phases of NiAl, TiC, and TiB2. The microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with in situ-formed TiC and TiB2 are fine, and all the three phases are distributed uniformly. The grains of NiAl matrix in the composites have been greatly refined, and the micro-hardness of NiAl increases from 381 HV100 to 779 HV100. However, the microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with externally added TiC and TiB2 are coarse and inhomogeneous, with severe agglomeration of TiC and TiB2 particles. The samples containing externally added 30 wt% TiC–TiB2attain the micro-hardness of 485 HV100. The microstructure evolution and fracture mode of the two kinds of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites are different.     

Fabrication and wear characteristics of MoSi2 matrix composite reinforced by WSi2 and La2O3

MoSi₂ matrix composites (RWM) reinforced by the addition of both WSi₂ and La₂O₃ were fabricated by mechanical alloying and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique. This composite was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is difficult to synthesize RWM composite by mechanical alloying with Mo–W–Si–La₂O₃ powder mixture, and suitable by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The hardness and toughness of MoSi₂ was improved significantly by the addition of both, WSi₂ and La₂O₃ more than by only WSi₂. By adding 0.8 wt.% La₂O₃ and 50 mol.% WSi₂ into the MoSi₂ matrix, this composite has the highest hardness and toughness and exhibits more wear resistance than monolithic MoSi₂ during the sliding wear test under oil lubrication, in this case, the material removal mechanism has been observed to be micro-cutting and micro-fracture.     

Effect of starting powders size on the Al2O3–TiC composites

Al₂O₃–TiC composites with a content of 30 wt% TiC with various size of starting powders were manufactured by hot pressing. The Vickers hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness were studied. The experiment results show that the starting powder size has a significant effect on the properties of the Al₂O₃–TiC composites. The maximum bending strength of the submicron Al₂O₃ with the fine TiC powders addition is 712 MPa, while the maximum fracture toughness of the same Al₂O₃ matrix with the large TiC powders addition is 6.5 MPa m^1/2.     

Superb Strengthening Effect of Net-Like Distributed Amorphous Al2O3 on Creep Resistance of (B4C + Al2O3)/Al Neutron-Absorbing Materials

B₄C reinforced Al composites are widely used as neutron absorbing materials (NAMs) due to excellent neutron absorbing efficiency, however, such NAMs exhibit poor high-temperature properties. To meet the requirement for structure-function integration, NAMs with enhanced high-temperature mechanical properties are desired. In this work, a novel (B₄C + Al₂O₃)/Al NAM with netlike distribution of Al₂O₃ was fabricated by powder metallurgy method and subjected to high-temperature tensile creep test. It was shown that the creep resistance was enhanced by several orders of magnitude via the addition of only 2.1 vol.% netlike-distributed Al₂O₃. (B₄C + Al₂O₃)/Al exhibited high apparent stress exponents ranging from 16 to 25 and high apparent activation energy of 364 kJ/mol. The creep behaviour could be rationalized using the substructure-invariant model and its rupture behaviour could be described by the Dobes-Milicka equation.     

Production of niobium carbide ceramic composites derived from polymer/filler mixtures: preliminary results

Studies have shown that Al₂O₃–NbC composites present a good potential to be used for metalworking. Manufacturing of composite ceramic material derived from polymer reactive filler mixtures were investigated. The present study reports the preliminary results of reaction bonded niobium carbide derived from polymer (polysiloxane), inert filler (Al₂O₃) and reactive filler (Nb). Niobium powder, alumina and polysiloxane mixtures were homogenized in a planetary ball milling and pressureless sintered in inert atmosphere at temperatures up to 1600 °C. Depending on the niobium content and pyrolysis conditions, ceramic materials with a porosity of 20–40%, a weight loss of 5–15%, a linear shrinkage of 2–4% and a flexural strength of maximum 80 MPa were obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of a sample containing 60 wt% polymer + 40 wt% Nb showed the presence of new crystalline phases such as NbC, Nb₃Si and Nb₅Si₃.     

ZrSiO4 对低温陶瓷结合剂预熔玻璃料结构与性能的影响

在Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂系低温陶瓷结合剂中添加不同含量的ZrSiO₄添加剂,用差示扫描热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等研究ZrSiO₄含量对低温陶瓷结合剂结构与性能的影响。结果表明:ZrSiO₄含量增加,陶瓷结合剂耐火度无明显增加,其热膨胀系数在一定范围内降低;且当ZrSiO₄质量分数为4%时,陶瓷结合剂结构致密,微观状态均匀,陶瓷结合剂的综合性能最佳,其抗折强度为57.37 MPa,显微硬度为855.59 MPa。      

直流电热冲击辅助多组分氧化物钎焊SiC陶瓷的工艺及性能

开发了一种直流电热冲击辅助高温钎焊新技术,成功实现了18.77Gd₂O₃?4.83Y₂O₃?28.22TiO₂?8.75ZrO₂?39.43Al₂O₃多组分氧化物钎料与SiC陶瓷母材之间的钎焊连接. 加热元件采用碳纤维编织体,在20 A直流电流及800 W截断功率下,实现了最佳剪切强度为136.27 MPa的SiC钎焊接头. 多组分氧化物钎料中Al₂O₃及TiO₂组分对实现良好的SiC陶瓷钎焊接头至关重要,其中TiO₂组分与SiC在高温下发生反应从而在界面处生成厚度约为10 μm的富Ti界面反应层,Al₂O₃相向母材中渗入而形成的枝状通道起到钉扎效果,有利于提升钎焊接头整体强度. 热输入过大时,SiC母材严重分解,大量C元素向钎缝区扩散,导致钎缝区出现明显裂纹缺陷,剪切强度降低至约60 MPa,断裂完全发生于钎缝区.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu Matrix Composites Reinforced byTiB2/TiN Ceramic Reinforcements

Cu matrix composites reinforced by TiB₂/TiN ceramic reinforcements (Cu/TBN composites) were prepared by hot pressing method. Prior to the hot pressing, Cu/TiB₂/TiN composite powders (CTBN powders), which were used as the starting materials of Cu/TBN composites, were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. The CTBN particles were found to be in a special core-shell structure with a Cu-Ti alloy core and a TiB₂/TiN ceramic shell. The test results presented obvious improvements in mechanical properties. The highest ultimate tensile strength reached up to 297 MPa, 77 MPa higher than that of Cu. And the highest hardness reached up to 70.7 HRF, 15.7 HRF higher than that of Cu. A comparative study indicated that the core-shell structured particles could bring about more obvious strengthening effect than the traditional irregularly shaped particles, which was due to the improved Cu/ceramics interfacial bonding, the linkage strengthening effect of both TiB₂ and TiN, and higher load bearing ability of the core-shell structured reinforcements.     

Powder processing and densification behaviour of alumina–high zirconia nanocomposites using chloride precursors

Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ composites having nominal equal volume fraction of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ were prepared from gel-precipitated powder, precipitated powder and washed precipitated powder. These different processing routes affected the crystallization temperature of the amorphous powder as well as the phase evolution of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ during calcination. The agglomerate size was largest for gel-precipitated powder (30 μm) and it was smallest for washed precipitated powder (19 μm). While gel-precipitated powder produce hard agglomerated powder (P_j = 110 MPa), washed precipitated powder produce soft agglomerates with low agglomeration strength (P_j = 70 MPa). Thus, washed precipitated powder could sinter to a high density at lower sintering temperature. The bending strength exhibits a semi logarithmic relationship with porosity. The hardness shows an increasing trend with sintering temperature.