基于布尔矩阵表示的粗集属性约简启发式算法

属性约简是粗糙集理论研究中的核心内容之一，现已证明寻找最小约简是NP-hard问题。该文对信息系统中属性的条件区分能力给出定义。在此基础上，提出了一种基于条件区分能力的属性约简的启发式算法。通过实例分析表明，在多数情况下该算法能够得到信息系统的最小约简。     

不完备信息系统的一种权重确定方法

深入分析了粗糙集表征的属性重要度,针对现有粗糙集理论的属性权重确立方法的不足,结合属性集中条件属性的整体重要度和系统中条件属性的个体重要度,提出了在不完备信息系统的一种权重确定方法,分析了其合理性。通过算例分析表明,新的不完备信息系统的权重确定方法可以解决原有粗糙集权重确定方法存在的问题。     

不完备信息系统的一种属性约简

条件属性的重要性存在差异,通过引入差异度,对不完备信息系统中属性的重要性进行了定义,提出了一种基于权重联系度的属性约简算法。通过实例说明该算法能得到不完备决策表的最小相对约简。     

序信息系统中基于粗糙集的证据获取与合成

通过在决策序信息系统中引入证据理论,提出一种基于粗糙集的证据获取与合成方法.利用证据信任度计算近似条件概率分配,根据属性重要度和证据支持度计算权重,然后用合成公式对近似条件概率分配进行合成,得到决策.     

条件属性递增系统的核属性动态更新算法

为解决信息系统在条件属性动态增加情况下的核属性更新问题,通过深入分析得到了一种二进制区分矩阵的等价表示方法;分析了新增条件属性对正区域和二进制区分矩阵的影响,得到一种正区域增量式计算方法,基于此提出了一种条件属性递增系统的核属性动态更新算法,该算法对已有二进制区分矩阵进行局部更新得到新的二进制区分矩阵,从而更新核属性,避免了重新计算,提高了运算速度。理论分析和实例结果验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

不完备信息系统中属性的重要度及约简方法

在不完备信息系统中,基于相似关系的定义,讨论了属性相对于对象的重要度。通过聚合算子聚合属性相对于所有对象的重要度,可得到属性的重要度。根据属性的重要度,给出了不完备信息系统的一种属性约简方法。实例说明该方法可以减少属性约简的搜索空间并找到不完备信息系统的属性约简。     

基于局部条件区分能力的高效属性约简算法

基于区分矩阵的传统属性约简方法具有直观易理解的优点,但时间和空间复杂度都很高,当数据规模较大或条件属性较多时,会无法快速得到约简结果.为解决该问题,在区分关系的基础上构造了条件区分能力来进行属性选择,提出一种基于条件区分能力的属性约简算法.而为了进一步加快属性重要性的计算、提高约简效率,依据大数定律中频率的稳定性,通过...     

基于三支决策理论的条件属性权重构造方法

针对传统决策过程中权重规则确定的主观性和参数数值计算的不确定性问题,在粗糙集和三支决策理论的基础上,对条件属性权重构造方法进行了研究。重新定义了属性确定度和属性约简度,提出了一种属性权重构造方法,通过实例将该方法与其它条件属性权重构造方法进行了分析比较,证明了其有效性。该方法基于数据本身,不需要先验信息,从客观的角度对属性进行判断,决策者通过该方法可以得到更加合理的权重分配,做出符合实际的决策。该论文对研究属性权重分配问题,具有一定的理论价值。     

一种属性重要性定义方法及其在约简中的应用*

针对基于Pawlak和基于条件熵的属性重要性约简算法存在的局限性,提出了一种基于分辩矩阵的属性重要性约简算法。首先详细分析了这两类属性约简算法产生局限性的原因;然后据根属性在分辩矩阵中区分对象时所起的作用的情况,给出了一种基于分辩矩阵的属性重要性定义方法,并且通过该方法计算分辩矩阵中属性的重要性;最后按照属性重要性大小的顺序来依次添加属性到核集中,直至获取决策表的一个最小约简。实例分析表明,该算法能够有效找到最小约简,与其它法相比,当决策表中条件属性较多时,该算法能够大幅减少计算工作量。     

基于多决策值等价类的属性约简

针对决策信息系统属性约简问题,引入条件属性的多决策值等价类概念,给出实现属性约简的必要条件,提出一种基于多决策值等价类的属性约简算法.该算法以单个条件属性的等价类的基为升序,对条件属性进行排序,逐一选择排序后的条件属性合并,直至合并后的条件属性子集的正域为全域,进一步判断其是否独立且不可区分关系与原信息系统的不可区分关系是否相同.当条件满足时,该条件属性子集即为决策信息系统的属性约简.通过实例验证了该算法求解属性约简的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.