喉癌、喉咽癌术后并发咽瘘的相关因素分析

<正>喉癌、喉咽癌手术后并发症咽瘘给临床医护人员及患者带来很多困扰。喉与喉咽是两个密切相关、无法截然分开的器官,将两种疾病放在一起探讨其咽瘘并发症发生的影响因素[1]。咽瘘是指唾液或脓液蓄积于皮下,使咽腔与皮肤之间形成经久不愈的窦道,唾液或食物可经此流出[2]。咽瘘作为喉癌、喉咽癌常见术后并发症[3,4],Redaelli等[5]报道喉全切除术后咽瘘发生率为13%~25%,喉咽癌术后咽瘘发生率为     

喉癌全喉切除术后咽瘘的原因分析

目的探讨喉癌患者行全喉切除术后发生咽瘘的原因,以预防或降低咽瘘的发生率,提高喉癌术后切口的愈合率.方法回顾分析141例喉癌患者行全喉切除术后发生咽瘘的原因.结果141例患者咽瘘发生率为27.66%,与手术时间,拔除胃管时间,术前有无合并感染,以及抗生素的应用有关.结论喉癌术后发生咽瘘的原因有多重性,避免相关因素,能有效降低咽瘘的发生率,提高患者术后生存质量.     

全喉切除术后早期经口进食的临床观察

目的 :对喉癌、梨状窝癌行全喉切除术后早期经口进食进行可行性研究。方法 :42例行全喉切除术的患者 (其中喉癌 34例 ,梨状窝癌 8例 )随机分为两组 :观察组 2 1例 ,术后 48～ 72h经口进食 ;对照组 2 1例 ,按常规 10～ 12d经口进食。结果 :观察组咽瘘发生率为 4.8%(1/ 2 1) ,对照组为 9.5 %(2 / 2 1) ,两者差异无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;观察组术后平均住院天数较对照组明显缩短。结论 :术前未行放疗的喉癌、梨状窝癌患者行全喉切除术后 48～ 72h经口进食是安全可行的。     

喉全切除术在治疗中晚期喉癌中的应用

目的:探讨喉全切除术治疗中、晚期喉癌的疗效。方法:对573例喉癌患者行喉全切除术,声门上型370例,声门型90例,跨声门型75例,声门下型21例,放疗后复发17例。其中143例行单纯喉全切除术,430例同期行颈廓清术(单侧239例,双侧191例)。在喉全切除术中行气管外口造大孔术,共308例。结果:3、5及10年生存率分别为69.5%(398/573),61.1%(350/573),46.3%(149/322);220例死亡病例中,45.0%(99/220)死于局部复发;22.3%(49/220)死于颈部转移。术腔感染和咽瘘的发生率分别为12.2%,5.2%。16.6%气管外口造大孔术患者气管外口再度狭窄需行Ⅱ期气管外口扩大术或戴套管维持呼吸。13.6%的患者可以行喉部分切除术,由于不同的原因行喉全切除术。结论:喉全切除术作为治疗中、晚期喉癌的主要手段,其适应证随喉癌外科技术的发展而逐渐缩小。在采取积极的颈廓清术情况下,局部复发是主要的死亡原因。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在放疗后喉癌及喉咽癌术后咽瘘中的应用

目的　探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣在放疗后喉癌及喉咽癌术后咽瘘修复中的重要作用及临床应用价值。方法 通过对8例放疗后喉癌及喉咽癌术后并发巨大咽瘘患者的治疗,并结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果　8例患者均先行局部换药、抗感染及营养支持等保守治疗,瘘口未能彻底愈合,再行带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复咽瘘,7例手术均取得成功,术后经口进食,并行碘油造影证实喉咽及食管无造影剂外渗及梗阻情况,1例患者因胸肩峰动脉变异导致皮瓣坏死手术失败。结论　喉癌、喉咽癌行喉全切除术后并发咽瘘是该手术最常见的严重并发症之一,多数经换药等保守治疗方法可治愈,但对于放疗后喉癌及喉咽癌术后并发咽瘘的患者,因其颈部血供差,组织活性低,保守治疗很难使其痊愈,胸大肌肌皮瓣供血可靠,成活率高,抗感染能力强,对术前曾放疗的咽瘘患者可起到很好的修复作用。     

51例喉全切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨喉全切除术及发音重建术的临床应用价值及疗效。方法：对1988年1月--2001年12月间51例喉癌及喉咽癌施行喉全切除术及部分施行发音重建术的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：51例全部施行喉全切除术，其中17例行气管(环)咽吻合术，发音成功率88．2％(15／17)。6例行新喉再造术，发音成功率100％。3例行食管气管造瘘术，发音成功率66．7％(2／3)。25例行气管皮肤造口术(咽-食管发音)，发音成功率52％(13／25)。手术主要并发症咽瘘的发生率为17．6％(9／51)。5年生存率为64．7％(33／51)。结论：喉全切除术仍不失为治疗各种中、晚期喉癌及喉咽癌最基本、最安全的手术，特别是在喉全切基础上选择施行各种发音重建术，对病人恢复发音功能，提高病人生存质量，具有广泛临床府用价值。     

五黄油治疗咽瘘的临床观察

咽瘘是指唾液和食物经下咽、食管腔与皮肤相通形成的窦道向皮肤外溢出,是喉癌、下咽癌术后的常见并发症,它不仅增加了患者术后痛苦,也妨碍了患者术后的后续治疗。1998~2006年我们对19例咽瘘患者应用五黄油纱条进行瘘口换药,取得了很好的效果。1资料与方法1.1资料本组19例患者,均为男性;年龄41~82岁,平均63.7岁。喉癌术后12例(垂直侧前喉部分切除1例、环状软骨上喉次全切除4例、全喉切除术7例),下咽癌术后7例(其中3例术中行胸大肌修补);除1例垂直侧前喉部分切除患者外,其余均于癌肿切除的同时行单侧或双侧颈廓清术,术前均未行放射治疗,1例并…     

保守治疗咽瘘的临床转归研究

目的:总结全喉切除术后并发咽瘘的临床转归及处理对策。方法:分析21例喉癌下咽癌全喉切除术后咽瘘发生的时间、创面状况和采用的相应治疗措施。结果:咽瘘的转归分为3期:引流清理期(Ⅰ期)、加压包扎期(Ⅱ期)、愈合期(Ⅲ期),不同期进行不同处理。咽瘘经过引流清理期、加压包扎期、愈合期的处理后,14例咽瘘愈合,占66.7%(14/21);其余7例保守治疗无效经手术治愈。结论:咽瘘分别按转归的3期进行处理,取得满意的疗效,咽瘘的转归分期对指导临床治疗有一定参考价值。     

喉全切除术后喉咽闭锁

1 临床资料 患者,男,60岁,因喉癌喉全切除术后1年,喉咽闭锁不能进食6个月为主诉入院。患者1年前因喉癌于外院行喉全切除术及颈淋巴结清扫术,术后出现感染咽瘘并行局部清创、换药及颈部局部皮瓣转移喉咽修复、颏下皮瓣转移颈部缺损修复术治疗,咽瘘愈合后行根治性放疗,8个月前放疗结束,出现喉咽狭窄,仅能进水,于外院行胃造瘘术进行营养,逐渐加重,6个月前喉咽完全闭锁不能进食,于我院就诊,以喉癌术后喉咽闭锁收入院。患者一般状态良好,     

闭合器和手工缝合在喉癌切除术后喉咽关闭中的比较

目的　比较闭合器和手工缝合关闭喉全切除术后喉咽黏膜的疗效,探索喉全切除术后喉咽关闭的优化技术。方法　2012年6月～2014年6月共采用闭合器关闭因喉癌（T3~T4未累及舌骨上会厌及喉咽黏膜）行喉全切除术后喉咽黏膜患者16例,以同一术者及T3~T4喉癌为条件非随机配对选取2010年6月～2012年5月手工缝合法闭合喉咽的喉全切除术16例对照组患者。对比临床参数,分析闭合器法的安全性、优缺点。结果　研究组缩短手术时间30 min,术后发生咽瘘1例,对照组4例。研究组术后平均住院天数10 d,对照组12 d。结论　对未累及舌骨上会厌及喉咽的喉癌行喉全切除术后采用闭合器关闭喉咽黏膜是安全的,可缩短手术时间,可能降低咽瘘发生率。     

保留喉功能下咽癌手术切除与修复

对保留喉功能的下咽癌切除术手术回顾性分析,方法对１９６０－１９９４年间２３例保留喉功能的下咽癌切除术手患者的手术效果,并发症,生存率,修复材料和方法等进行分析。结论下咽癌有效的术式能较满意地保中层理的生存质量,对大多数下咽癌病例,是较为理想的方法。     

喉大部分切除发音重建术

目的:探讨晚期喉癌、下咽癌喉大部切除后,喉发音功能的重建效果。方法:对我院自1994年4月～200O年4月的48例晚期喉癌、下咽癌患者,实行喉大部分切除发音重建术,观察他们的发音及误吸情况。结果:晚期喉癌、下咽癌在彻底切除病变的基础上,保留自身粘膜,形成发音管,发音及吞咽功能良好,无误吸现象。发音功能丧失率为10.49％,五年生存率为66.7％,1997年至今其中1例T_4N_3M_0患者因颈部淋巴转移而拒绝再治疗而死亡外,其余全部存活。结论:此术式适合于晚期喉癌、下咽癌,避免了其他发音装置的老化、经常更换及因咽缩肌的作用而致发音困难。手术时间短,方法简单易行。     

保留喉功能的下咽癌手术

目的探讨下咽癌保留喉功能手术的可行性、技术操作及疗效。方法回顾性分析１９７８－１９９６年间３０５例（男２７９,妇女６;年龄１４－７７岁）经手术治疗的下咽恶性肿瘤（１９８７年ＵＩＣＣ分期：Ⅰ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期８２例;Ⅳ期２０５例）,其中梨状窝癌２３４例,环后癌２１例,下咽后壁区癌３５例,下咽上区癌１５例。２０６例（６７．５４％,分期：Ｉ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期６５例;Ⅳ期１２３例）作了喉功能保     

Prognostic importance of paratracheal lymph node metastases

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) metastases for tumor recurrence and survival for patients treated with total laryngectomy (TL) and PTLN dissection. STUDY DESIGN: Records from 85 patients who underwent TL combined with PTLN dissection for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinomas were reviewed. RESULTS: In 20 of 85 (24%) patients, PTLN metastases were found, and in 7 patients, extranodal spread (ENS) was present in these metastases. The incidence of PTLN metastases was high in patients with hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal (35%) and laryngeal carcinoma with subglottic extension (27%). Multivariate analysis shows that the most important prognostic factor for overall survival is the presence of PTLN metastases with ENS (P < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: Because PTLN metastases with ENS is an important prognostic factor and can only be assessed by histopathologic examination, PTLN dissection in patients with a laryngeal or hypopharyngeal tumor is important for prognostication.     

喉癌下咽癌患者下咽及颈段食管术后缺损的修复方法

目的 :探讨喉癌下咽癌患者下咽或下咽及颈段食管术后缺损的修复方法。方法 :对保留喉功能的下咽术后缺损 9例 (伴颈段食管部分切除 3例 ,颈段食管癌行食管全切除 1例 ) ,用胸大肌肌皮瓣修复 4例 ,直接修复 4例 ,胃咽吻合术 1例。不保留喉功能 2 0例 (伴颈段食管部分切除 2例 ) ,舌瓣修复 16例 ,喉组织瓣 2例 ,胸大肌肌皮瓣与胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣联合重建下咽 2例。结果 :术后 8例Ⅰ期恢复吞咽及喉功能 ,1例下咽狭窄 ,Ⅱ期行残喉切除。余 2 0例中 16例Ⅰ期恢复吞咽功能 ,1例下咽狭窄经扩张进食 ,3例咽瘘 ,其中 1例咽瘘行Ⅱ期胃咽吻合术。 1、3及 5年的生存率分别为 92 %、6 4 .7%和 4 6 .2 %。结论 :保留喉功能的下咽或下咽及颈段食管缺损可直接修复或采用胸大肌皮瓣修复 ,不保留喉功能者 ,可采用舌瓣、胸大肌皮瓣修复或咽胃吻合术。肌皮瓣和肌筋膜瓣联合重建全下咽易引起下咽狭窄或咽瘘     

喉全切除后气管造口植入式镍钛合金支架的研制和临床应用

目的 :研制喉全切除后气管造口植入式镍钛合金支架并临床应用 ,以期替代金属全喉套管预防术后气管造口狭窄。材料与方法 :直径为 0 .8mm的镍钛形状记忆合金钢丝 ,镍 5 0 %、钛 5 0 % ,支架形状为半圆形 (2 / 3)结构 ,其表面光滑 ,支架直径 18mm、19.5 mm、2 1mm三种规格。全喉切除 2 2例 ,选择大小合适的气管造口植入式镍钛合金支架 ,缝合固定于气管残段的第一和第二气管软骨环之间筋膜后 ,常规气管造口。术后气管造口敞开 ,免用金属全喉套管。结果 :术后造口 期愈合 19例 ;术后感染 3例。术后气管造口皮缘疤痕环形增生所至狭窄 6例 ,后经局麻下疤痕环切扩大造口治愈。术后无呼吸道症状 ,放疗后造口局部无组织坏死或感染。结论 :气管造口植入式镍钛合金支架临床应用安全、预防气管造口狭窄 ,可望替代金属全喉套管并预防气管造口狭窄。     

Near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Pearson classic near-total laryngectomy is a sensible surgical treatment modality for laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients treated by near-total laryngectomy in a university hospital that is an academic tertiary health care center. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Medical and computer records of 135 patients who were treated by near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas between April 1, 1989, and June 30, 2000, were searched thoroughly, and the final outcomes were confirmed by telephone contact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates of the patients with laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension treated by near-total laryngectomy were compared with those of the patients with malignancies of other laryngeal regions given the same treatment. RESULTS: Of the 135 patients in the study, 74 were available for determination of 5-year survival. The rate was 65.8% (27/41) for transglottic tumors, 53.8% (7/13) for supraglottic tumors, and 20.0% (4/20) for tumors with subglottic extension. Only 3 of 16 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with supraglottic or transglottic localization died of local recurrence; the rest of the deaths were from regional recurrence or distant metastasis. However, 6 of 13 patients with subglottic extension died of local recurrence, 5 of peristomal recurrence, and only 2 of distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Success was directly related to adherence to precise indications in cancer surgery. While near-total laryngectomy is an effective and reliable treatment modality in laryngeal cancer surgery, its effectiveness in laryngeal cancers with subglottic extension is debatable. These subglottic lesions should be treated by total laryngectomy, which is a more radical surgery.     

How much does it cost to preserve a larynx?

Various studies report an increase in costs when induction chemotherapy is included in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer, but to our knowledge no studies have yet compared the economic costs of total laryngectomy versus induction chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer. We have conducted a retrospective study comparing the costs of treatment and survival in 96 patients with a T3N0-1 glottic carcinoma. Findings showed that the average cost per patient in the group of patients treated by total laryngectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy was 5,853 Eur, while that for the group of patients who began treatment with induction chemotherapy was 6,452 Eur. The adjusted 5-year survival for patients treated with total laryngectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy was 80%, and 72% for patients who began treatment with induction chemotherapy. Sixteen of the 35 patients (46%) receiving induction chemotherapy were spared laryngectomy. The use of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinomas involved an increase in cost of 600 Eur in relation to treatment with total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. However, from an economic point of view, we consider induction chemotherapy to be an important consideration in an organ-preservation strategy. Received: 2 December 1998 / Accepted: 17 May 1999     

Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus pre- and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-center study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to improve the survival and phonatory rates in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with pre- and postoperative radiotherapy (RTS), or preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRTS). Surgical procedures, including total laryngectomy plus partial pharyngectomy (TLPP) to preserve the posterior pharyngeal wall offering a functional neoglottis for esophageal or tracheoesophageal shunt phonation postoperatively, were conducted for patients who did not achieve CR. RESULTS: A significantly higher survival rate at 5 years (93.3%) was observed for N0-2b stage patients in the CCRTS group (n=16) than the RTS group (n=34; 41.5%) (p<.005). The distant metastasis-free rate was 92.9% (CCRTS group) versus 55.4% (RTS group) (p<.05) in these patients. In the CCRTS group, the 5-year survival rate with laryngeal or esophageal and/or tracheoesophageal shunt phonation was 22.2%. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the CCRTS protocol and TLPP procedure may improve the survival rates without deterioration of phonatory rates in patients with N0-2b advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.     

下咽癌和喉癌的多重癌

对下咽，喉鳞癌患者的多重癌实况进行回顾性调查。方法 对１９８０年－１９９５年１６年间头颈部外科受诊者下咽癌１２５例，喉癌１８４例进行了分析，其中男２７６例，女３３例。结果３０９例患者中７９例发生多重癌。多重癌发生部位共１０１处，其中１７例三重癌，１例四重癌，的多重癌以食管癌和胃癌居多；喉癌，尤以声门型喉癌的多重癌以肺癌为主，声门上型喉癌的口咽，食管和胃多重癌的发生率较声门型喉癌为高。