燕山及邻区中新生代挤压与伸展的转换和成矿作用

通过燕山及邻区中新生代区域性不整合界面、断裂演化、盆地演化、变质核杂岩和岩浆活动等地质事实论述了燕山及邻区中新生代挤压与伸展的转换过程及其与区域成矿作用的关系。认为燕山及邻区中新生代的构造演化过程是在前中生代华北克拉通岩石圈基础上发育起来的克拉通内（陆内）成盆沉积与挤压变形的交替演化过程，在这一构造演化过程中，存在中三叠世末（老虎沟组或杏石口组前，峰值年龄≥215Ma)、早侏罗世末（海房沟组或九龙山组前，峰值年龄≥178Ma)、晚侏罗世末（义县组或东岭台组前，峰值年龄≥135Ma）、白垩纪末（古近系前，峰值年龄65Ma)、古近纪末（新近系前，峰值年龄25Ma)5个挤压作用时期。5个挤压期在时间上相对较短，期间为早中三叠世、晚三叠世－早侏罗世、中晚侏罗世、白垩纪、古近纪、新近纪至第四纪6个时间较长，相对和缓或伸展的成盆沉积期一一隔开。在时间上，主成矿期与强烈伸展期相对应；在空间上外生矿产受伸展地所控制，内生矿产的分布受盆地间隆起带控制。总体上，挤压作用由强变弱，伸展作用由弱变强。伸展作用持续的时间长，挤压作用持续时间相对较短。挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现，挤压机构和伸展构造间互发育，成矿作用与挤压和伸展的转换存在着密切的成生联系。     

燕山东段下辽河地区中新生代盆山构造演化

笔者通过分析燕山东段-下辽河地区的前中生代构造背景和中新生代盆山构造演化认为,该区中新生代的构造演化过程是在前中生代华北克拉通岩石图基础上发育起来的克拉通内(陆内或板内)盆山构造与挤压构造的交替演化过程,经历了早-中三叠世、晚三叠世-早侏罗世、中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪、新生代5个盆山构造演化阶段和中三叠世末、早侏罗世末、晚侏罗世末和白垩纪末、老第三纪末5期挤压作用。每次挤压作用都使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,造成早期盆地反转。中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪和新生代三个阶段的伸展作用形成中-晚侏罗世断陷盆地、白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地。在这一构造演化过程中,挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现,挤压构造和伸展构造间互发育。      

燕山东段～下辽河地区中新生代断裂演化与构造期次

通过对燕山东段～下辽河盆地中新生代断裂演化分析,认为中新生代该区共经历了中三叠世末,早侏罗世末,晚侏罗世末,白垩纪末和老第三纪末５期挤压作用。每期挤压作用都形成相应的挤压构造形迹,使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,或对早期盆地进行改造使其反转。此外,该区还曾经历了中晚侏罗世,白垩纪和新生代３个明显的伸展作用阶段,形成中晚侏罗世断裂盆地,白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地,构造演化过程中挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现     

柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制

柴达木盆地中、新生代沉积构造演化经历了5个阶段:早、中侏罗世伸展断陷阶段,晚侏罗世—白垩纪挤压反转阶段,古近纪弱断陷阶段,新近纪的中新世—上新世早期坳陷阶段和上新世晚期—全新世挤压反转阶段。沉积构造演化控制盆地烃源岩的展布,盆地演化过程中的两次挤压反转期是圈闭构造的主要形成期,控制盆地油气分布。     

华南侏罗纪构造体制转换：碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据EI北大核心CSCD

中生代时,华南经历了从古特提斯构造域到古太平洋构造域的转换,但对转折时限的认识还存在一些差异。此外,对粤东地区晚三叠世-早中侏罗世的大地构造属性和沉积背景的工作还很缺乏。对此,本文选取粤东地区出露的早-中侏罗世碎屑岩为研究对象,运用锆石U-Pb定年方法,探究华南中生代构造体制转折的时限和构造背景。碎屑锆石测年结果显示,早侏罗世的样品中普遍出现约250 Ma的主要峰值年龄,而中侏罗世的样品则都显示约180 Ma的主要峰值年龄。研究区早侏罗世的主要物源为印支期岩浆活动产物,可能主要来自华南的南部边缘;而中侏罗世的主要物源则可能来自南岭东段中生代火山岩。研究区碎屑沉积岩的碎屑锆石主要年龄峰值的转变,及其对应的物源区转变可能表明,华南在早侏罗世末期(约180 Ma)即已经完成了从古特提斯构造域向古太平洋构造域的转变。其大地构造背景则相应地从前期总体的挤压转变为伸展作用,粤东盆地从晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期时受挤压叠合走滑作用的类前陆盆地转变为早侏罗世末期的伸展断陷盆地。     

燕山地区燕山期的挤压与伸展作用

燕山地区中生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示,燕山期不仅存在强烈的挤压作用,而且存在强烈的伸展作用。如果把整个侏罗、白垩纪期间的构造运动理解为燕山运动的话,那么燕山运动既形成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,又形成断陷盆地和变质核杂岩。整个燕山运动(旋回)包括3次挤压事件和3个伸展阶段,即早侏罗世末挤压事件(北票组沉积之后,海房沟组沉积之前)、晚侏罗世末挤压事件(土城子组沉积之后,义县组沉积之前)和白垩纪末挤压事件(第三系沉积之前);早侏罗世盆地伸展阶段、中晚侏罗世盆地伸展阶段和白垩纪盆地伸展阶段。燕山期内发生了3次由伸展到挤压的转换。     

燕山地区燕山期的挤压与伸展作用

燕山地区中生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示,燕山期不仅存在强烈的挤压作用,而且存在强烈的伸展作用.如果把整个侏罗、白垩纪期间的构造运动理解为燕山运动的话,那么燕山运动既形成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,又形成断陷盆地和变质核杂岩.整个燕山运动(旋回)包括3次挤压事件和3个伸展阶段,即早侏罗世末挤压事件(北票组沉积之后,海房沟组沉积之前)、晚侏罗世末挤压事件(土城子组沉积之后,义县组沉积之前)和白垩纪末挤压事件(第三系沉积之前);早侏罗世盆地伸展阶段、中晚侏罗世盆地伸展阶段和白垩纪盆地伸展阶段.燕山期内发生了3次由伸展到挤压的转换.     

塔里木盆地东南缘中新生代变形史与构造演化

通过野外地质调查、地球物理资料解释和沉积相特征分析,构建了塔里木盆地东南缘地区地质大剖面。在平衡恢复的基础上,探讨了中新生代构造变形历史和盆地构造演化过程。结果表明,塔里木盆地东南缘经历了三叠纪末逆冲推覆变形,早侏罗世伸展变形,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压变形,古近纪弱伸展变形和中新世以来逆冲-走滑变形;而塔东南地区盆地构造演化则经历了早侏罗世伸展断陷盆地阶段,中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期坳陷盆地阶段,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压-抬升-剥蚀阶段,古近纪弱伸展盆地阶段和中新世以来陆内走滑型挤压挠曲盆地阶段等五个阶段的演化。     

江南东段地区NE-SW向断裂带断层滑移矢量反演及其大地构造意义

华南中-新生代构造演化受太平洋构造域和特提斯洋构造域的联合控制.以江南东段NE-SW向景德镇-歙县剪切带和球川-萧山断裂中发育的脆性断层为研究对象,利用野外交切关系和断层滑移矢量反演方法厘定了7期构造变形序列并反演了各期古构造应力场,讨论了断层活动的时代及其动力学.白垩纪至新生代研究区7期古构造应力场分别为:(1)早白垩世早期(136～125Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(2)早白垩世晚期(125～107Ma)N-S向挤压和E-W向伸展;(3)早白垩世末期至晚白垩世早期(105～86Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(4)白垩世中期(86～80Ma)NW-SE向挤压和NE-SW向伸展;(5)晚白垩世晚期至始新世末期(80～36Ma)N-S向伸展;(6)始新世末期至渐新世早期(36～30Ma)NE-SW向挤压和NW-SE向伸展;(7)渐新世早期至中新世中期(30～17Ma)NE-SW向伸展.结合区域地质研究表明,第1期至第4期古构造应力场与古太平洋构造域的板片后撤、俯冲以及微块体(菲律宾地块)间的碰撞作用有关;第5期伸展作用受控于新特提斯构造域俯冲板片后撤,而第6期和第7期古构造应力场主要与印-亚碰撞的远程效应有关.白垩纪至新生代,华南东部受伸展构造体制和走滑构造体制的交替控制.先存断裂的发育可能是导致华南晚中生代走滑构造体制的主要控制因素.     

M盆地构造背景及其演化特征

M盆地位于塔拉斯—费尔干纳(卡拉套)大型走滑断裂最北端,构造特征表明其具有复杂的形成演化过程。笔者从控盆断裂的发育历史出发,分析了盆地发育的构造背景,厘定了盆地类型,进一步研究了盆地演化特征。研究结果表明,控盆断裂受板块构造运动影响,存在早期左行走滑和后期右行走滑;M盆地为早中侏罗世的走滑-拉分盆地,属于走滑-伸展叠瓦扇构造系统。盆地中新生代地质演化大体经历了初始张裂(晚三叠世)、断陷发育(早中侏罗世)、断坳转换(晚侏罗世)、坳陷发育(白垩纪)和萎缩隆起(古近纪)等5个阶段,其中早中侏罗世为盆地断陷伸展、沉积与沉降的主要时期,白垩纪主要为坳陷期。     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Features and Evolution of Southeast China

The Late Triassic to Paleogene(T_3-E) basin occupies an area of 143100 km~2,being the sixth area of the whole of SE China;the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km~2;it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China.From a new 1:1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China,combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features,some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained.Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics,geometric features,relations of basin and range.According to basin-forming geodynamicai mechanisms,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types,namely:1) para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(T_3-J_1) under compressional conditions;2) rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic(J_2) under a strongly extensional setting;and 3) a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene (K_1-E) under back-arc extension action.From the rock assemblages of the basin,the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous(K_1) and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(K_2-E).Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins(T_3-J_1) is 15120 km~2,one of rift basins(J_2) occupies 4640 km~2,and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km~2 including the K_2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km~2.The Early Mesozoic (T_3-J_1) basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene(J_2-E) were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics.Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed,namely:1)the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary;2)the Middle Jurassic rift zone;and 3)the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism.Three types of basin-granite relationships have been identified,including compressional(a few),strike-slip(a few), and extensional(common).A three-stage geodynamical evolution of the SE-China basin is mooted:an Early Mesozoic basin-granite framework;a transitional Middle Jurassic tectonic regime; intracontinental extension and red-bed faulted depressions since the Late Cretaceous.     

150 Million year history of North China Craton disruption preserved in Mesozoic sediments of the Ordos basin

ABSTRACT

The Ordos Basin, situated in the western part of the North China Craton, preserves the 150-million-year history of North China Craton disruption. Those sedimentary sources from Late Triassic to early Middle Jurassic are controlled by the southern Qinling orogenic belt and northern Yinshan orogenic belt. The Middle and Late Jurassic deposits are received from south, north, east, and west of the Ordos Basin. The Cretaceous deposits are composed of aeolian deposits, probably derived from the plateau to the east. The Ordos Basin records four stages of volcanism in the Mesozoic–Late Triassic (230–220 Ma), Early Jurassic (176 Ma), Middle Jurassic (161 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (132 Ma). Late Triassic and Early Jurassic tuff develop in the southern part of the Ordos Basin, Middle Jurassic in the northeastern part, while Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks have a banding distribution along the eastern part. Mesozoic tectonic evolution can be divided into five stages according to sedimentary and volcanic records: Late Triassic extension in a N–S direction (230–220 Ma), Late Triassic compression in a N–S direction (220–210 Ma), Late Triassic–Early Jurassic–Middle Jurassic extension in a N–S direction (210–168 Ma), Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous compression in both N–S and E–W directions (168–136 Ma), and Early Cretaceous extension in a NE–SW direction (136–132 Ma).     

Mesozoic to Cenozoic retroarc basin evolution during changes in tectonic regime,southern Central Andes (31–33°S): Insights from zircon U-Pb geochronology

The southern Central Andes of Argentina and Chile (27–40°S) are the product of deformation, arc magmatism, and basin evolution above a long-lived subduction system. With sufficient timing and provenance constraints, Andean stratigraphic and structural records enable delineation of Mesozoic-Cenozoic variations in subsidence and tectonic regime. For the La Ramada Basin in the High Andes at ∼31–33°S, new assessments of provenance and depositional age provided by detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology help resolve deformational patterns and subsidence mechanisms over the past ∼200 Myr. Marine and nonmarine clastic deposits recorded the unroofing of basin margins and sediment contributions from the Andean magmatic arc during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous extension, thermal subsidence, and possible slab rollback. Subsequent sediment delivery from the Coastal Cordillera corresponded with initial flexural accommodation in the La Ramada Basin during Andean shortening of late Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous age. The architecture of the foreland basin was influenced by the distribution of precursor extensional depocenters, suggesting that inherited basin geometries provided important controls on later flexural subsidence and basin evolution. Following latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene tectonic quiescence and a depositional hiatus, newly dated deposits in the western La Ramada Basin provide evidence for a late Paleogene episode of intra-arc and proximal retroarc extension (development of the Abanico Basin, principally in Chile, at ∼28–44°S). Inversion of this late Paleogene extensional basin system during Neogene compression indicates the southern Central Andes were produced by at least two punctuated episodes of shortening and uplift of Late Cretaceous and Neogene age.     

黑龙江省三江盆地砂岩型铀矿找矿方向探讨

三江盆地是我国黑龙江省东北部重要的中—新生代盆地。本文从三江盆地铀源条件、中—新生代构造演化、构造格局、中—新生代古气候演化、主要盖层沉积建造特征及后生蚀变特征等方面进行研究,以砂岩型铀矿成矿理论为指导,对三江盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿条件进行了综合分析,在此基础上对盆地找矿方向进行了探讨。研究认为：盆地西部具有较好的铀源条件,好于盆地其他地段;盆地中生代以来存在早白垩世末—晚白垩世早期和古近纪末—新近纪早期两期构造反转,在构造反转作用的控制下形成了盆地的主要找矿目标层下白垩统猴石沟组和古近系宝泉岭组含煤碎屑岩;猴石沟组、宝泉岭组及富锦组在盆地内发育有良好的地层结构和岩性岩相条件,同时在局部地区发育有氧化带,其是砂岩型铀矿找矿的重要线索。盆地砂岩型铀成矿条件总体较好,其中西部坳陷为重点工作区,猴石沟组和宝泉岭组为重点找矿层位。     

渤海湾盆地基岩地质图及其所包含的构造运动信息

利用油气勘探资料编制的渤海湾盆地基岩地质图 ,分析了基岩露头分布及其反映的中、新生代构造运动特征。基岩地质图显示渤海湾盆地基底岩层受印支运动和燕山运动影响发育有一系列近EW向、NNE—NE向的褶皱和逆断层等挤压构造变形。基岩露头展布表明渤海湾盆地西部、北部在侏罗纪之前的剥蚀作用明显强于东部和南部地区。基岩地层形成的区域褶皱轴向及各亚构造层之间的不整合面接触关系反映出在下—中三叠统沉积之后至下—中侏罗统沉积之前的某个“关键时刻”渤海湾地区发生了一次重要的构造变革 ,导致早期的近EW向构造被NNE—NE向构造替代。而从区域应力体制来看 ,下—中侏罗统沉积之后渤海湾地区的区域构造环境发生了重要变化 ,从中生代早期的挤压构造环境变为以裂陷作用为主的构造演化时期     

华南中生代大地构造研究新进展

华南地区中生代构造动力体制经历了从特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域的转换,由此产生了强烈的陆内造山作用和岩浆活动,形成了复杂构造组合的晚中生代陆内造山带和火成岩省。本项研究在下列几个方面取得了新的进展:(1)通过对雪峰山地区沅麻盆地的野外调查和构造测量,确定了该盆地晚中生代-早新生代5期构造应力场及其演替序列:中晚侏罗世近W—E向挤压、早白垩世NW—SE向伸展、早白垩世中晚期NW—SE向挤压、晚白垩世近N—S向伸展、古近纪晚期NE—SW向挤压。构造应力场方向的变化记录了不同板缘的动力作用对该区的影响。(2)识别了湖南地区晚古生代-早中生代海相地层中发育的横跨叠加褶皱构造,并基于地层接触关系和已有火成岩同位素年代学数据分析,认为该地区横跨叠加褶皱构造记录了中生代两期构造挤压和地壳增厚事件:早期近东西向褶皱构造是对三叠纪华南地块南北边缘大陆碰撞和增生作用的远程响应,晚期NE—NNE向褶皱构造则是对中晚侏罗世古太平洋板块向华南大陆之下低角度俯冲作用的变形响应。(3)对湖南衡山西缘拆离断裂带的变形结构和运动学特征进行了详细的调查和构造测量,确定了衡山变质核杂岩构造,并对拆离带中韧性剪切变形的钠长岩脉的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb测年,从而确定了华南地区伸展构造的起始时代约137 Ma,即早白垩世早中期。(4)通过锆石U-Pb年代学测试分析,揭示了东南沿海长乐—南澳构造带早白垩世2期构造-岩浆事件:早期(147~135 Ma)表现为强烈的混合岩化作用和深熔作用形成的片麻状花岗岩、花岗片麻岩等;晚期(135~117 Ma)岩浆岩以含石榴子石花岗岩为主。这个结果表明东南沿海构造带是晚中生代陆缘造山带,造山作用可能起始于晚侏罗世,于早白垩世早中期(135 Ma)以来发生伸展垮塌。在上述研究结果的基础上,探讨了华南地区三叠纪"印支运动"和中、晚侏罗世"燕山运动"的表现及其产生的板块构造动力体制及其转换时代、早白垩世从挤压构造应力体制向伸展构造应力体制转变的时间节点。     

华北地台北缘中生代盆-山的耦合转移及其动力学分析

晚三叠－中株罗世华北地台早中生代的盆０山关系使内蒙地轴的挤压隆升,其南侧的山前盆地挠曲下工建造;晚侏罗世的盆地往北推移,在内蒙地轴南部及东部的Ｅ－Ｗ向及ＮＥ向的山嶂盆地中,接受了周边山地的物源而形成磨拉石建造。早白垩世的盆地在区域伸展的环境中形成了ＮＮＥ向的断陷盆地,盆－－山耦合仍是高处剥蚀、低下充填的浅层次的填平补舅－－山的迁移演化完成了由古亚洲洋构造同演太平洋构造域的转换。转换是在板内外,球内     

Changes of Late Mesozoic Tectonic Regimes around the Ordos Basin (North China) and their Geodynamic Implications

A synthesis is given in this paper on late Mesozoic deformation pattern in the zones around the Ordos Basin based on lithostratigraphic and structural analyses. A relative chronology of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress evolution was established from the field analyses of fault kinematics and constrained by stratigraphic contact relationships. The results show alternation of tectonic compressional and extensional regimes. The Ordos Basin and its surroundings were in weak N-S to NNE-SSW extension during the Early to Middle Jurassic, which reactivated E-W-trending basement fractures. The tectonic regime changed to a multi-directional compressional one during the Late Jurassic, which resulted in crustal shortening deformation along the marginal zones of the Ordos Basin. Then it changed to an extensional one during the Early Cretaceous, which rifted the western, northwestern and southeastern margins of the Ordos Basin. A NW-SE compression occurred during the Late Cretaceous and caused the termination of sedimentation and uplift of the Ordos Basin. This phased evolution of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress regimes and associated deformation pattern around the Ordos Basin best records the changes in regional geodynamic settings in East Asia, from the Early to Middle Jurassic post-orogenic extension following the Triassic collision between the North and South China Blocks, to the Late Jurassic multi-directional compressions produced by synchronous convergence of the three plates (the Siberian Plate to the north, Paleo-Pacific Plate to the east and Lhasa Block to the west) towards the East Asian continent. Early Cretaceous extension might be the response to collapse and lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.