低分子肝素钙联合肾炎康复片治疗原发性肾病综合征疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素钙联合肾炎康复片治疗原发性肾病综合征的疗效。方法 90例原发性肾病综合征患者按数字表格法随机分为观察组和对照组各45例,两组常规药物和低分子肝素治疗方法、剂量相同,疗程2周,观察组加服肾炎康复片,疗程12周。疗程结束后对两组治疗前后生化检查结果、血液流变学和血脂等相关临床指标及治疗结果进行比较。结果观察组有效率93.33%(42/45),明显高于对照组的77.78%(35/45)(χ2=4.4056,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组24h尿蛋白定量、空腹血糖、血粘度、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和白蛋白水平改善程度均明显优于对照组(t=0.76、5.71、4.20、4.63、4.10、4.33,均P<0.05)。结论低分子肝素钙联合肾炎康复片治疗原发性肾病综合征能有效改善肾功能、血脂及血液流变学指标,对提高原发性肾病综合征治疗效果具有重要价值。     

前列地尔与丹红注射液联用在糖尿病肾病中的应用

目的:观察分析前列地尔与丹红注射液联用在糖尿病肾病中的应用价值,为临床选择合理药物提供依据.方法:本研究的所有观察对象均为我院2018年2月—2020年8月收治的糖尿病肾病患者,共有92例.按照随机数字表法将患者分为各有46例的两组.对照组患者采用常规西医治疗措施,联合组患者在常规治疗措施的基础上加用前列地尔与丹红注射液.所有患者疗程为2个月.观察比较临床治疗效果,对两组治疗前后的血糖、肾功能指标、血清炎症反应指标水平进行比较分析.结果:在治疗总有效率方面,联合组高于对照组(93.24％VS 81.08％),差异有显著性(P<0.05).经过治疗后,两组FPG、2hPG、HbAlc等水平降低(P<0.05).联合组治疗后血糖指标水平低于对照组(P<0.05).经过治疗后,两组BUN、SCr、UAER等肾功能指标水平均降低(P<0.05).联合组治疗后上述肾功能指标水平降低显著(P<0.05).经过治疗后,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α指标水平均降低(P<0.05).联合组治疗后上述炎症反应指标水平降低显著(P<0.05).结论:前列地尔与丹红注射液联用可以改善糖尿病肾病患者的血糖水平及肾功能,降低机体炎症反应,取得的治疗效果满意,推广的价值较高.     

前列地尔联合舒血宁对糖尿病周围血管病变患者血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨前列地尔联合舒血宁对糖尿病周围血管病变患者血液流变学的影响.方法:收集我院2014年10月～2015年10月收治的糖尿病周围血管病变患者46例,随机分为观察组和对照组各23例,对照组在常规治疗的基础上予以舒血宁治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用前列地尔,对比分析两组治疗后血液流变学.结果:与治疗前比较,观察组治疗后血液流变学指标明显改善(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗后血液流变学指标明显改善(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的总有效率为91.3％,明显高于对照组(73.9％)(P<0.05).结论:前列地尔联合舒血宁治疗能明显改善糖尿病周围血管病变患者血液流变学,缓解临床症状,对改善预后具有重要临床价值.     

前列地尔联合福辛普利治疗对糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的分析前列地尔联合福辛普利治疗对糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响。方法从本院2018年1月至2019年1月接受的糖尿病肾病患者中,抽取108例,随机将其分为对照组与观察组,均54例。对照组采用盐酸二甲双胍、诺和灵30R治疗,观察组采用前列地尔、福辛普利联合方案治疗,观察两组患者肾功能情况以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组患者肾功能BUN、Scr、24 h尿蛋白等水平均显著优于对照组,且不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用前列地尔、福辛普利联合方案治疗糖尿病肾病可有效改善患者肾功能各项水平,降低不良反应情况的发生。     

联合治疗对早期糖尿病肾病血液流变学和肾功能的影响

目的:探讨阿魏酸哌嗪和黄芪注射液联合治疗对早期糖尿病肾病血液流变学和肾功能的影响.方法:将52例早期糖尿病肾病随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各26例.2组均采用饮食控制和糖尿病常规治疗,观察组加用阿魏酸哌嗪和黄芪注射液,疗程4周.结果:观察组血液流变学各项指标较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、尿素氮(BUN)和血脂明显下降(P<0.05),且明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:阿魏酸哌嗪和黄芪注射液能改善早期糖尿病肾病血液流变学、血脂和微循环,减少尿蛋白的排除,减轻肾损害,改善肾功能.     

前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病25例

目的观察前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法选取2011年1月至12月收治的糖尿病肾病患者50例,按照随机分组法分为对照组和治疗组,各25例。对照组进行常规降压、调血脂以及降血糖治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注前列地尔注射液10μg,每日1次,疗程12 d。比较两组24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)、血尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酐(SCr)的变化。结果治疗组治疗后24 h Upro,BUN和SCr水平较治疗前显著下降,较对照组也显著下降(P<0.05)。结论前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病可显著改善肾功能,减少蛋白尿。     

前列地尔联合氯沙坦对老年糖尿病肾病患者Cr、BUN及24h尿蛋白的影响

目的：观察前列地尔联合氯沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床效果。方法将糖尿病肾病患者127例随机分为观察组63例和对照组64例,均严格控制血脂及血糖,对照组给予前列地尔治疗;观察组在此基础上给予氯沙坦钾片治疗,治疗结束后统计2组疗效并检测患者尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）和24h尿蛋白（24h UP）水平。结果观察组总有效率为88．9％明显高于对照组的73．4％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗后2组患者BUN、Cr和24h UP均低于治疗前,其中观察组Cr和24h UP的水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论前列地尔联合氯沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效确切,能降低尿蛋白的产生,对肾功能有明显改善,值得临床推广。     

前列地尔联合肾康注射液治疗2型糖尿病肾病的临床观察

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病采用前列地尔联合肾康注射液治疗的临床效果。方法选取我院2016年10月至2017年10月确诊为2型糖尿病肾病的100例患者作为本次研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组进行前列地尔治疗,观察组进行前列地尔联合肾康注射液治疗,对比其临床疗效。结果观察组显效29例,好转18例,治疗总有效率为94.0%,显著高于对照组显效16例,好转23例,总有效率78.0%,存在显著性差异(P<0.05),有统计学意义;观察组患者的Scr、BUN、TC以及TG水平显著优于对照组,存在显著性差异(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论 2型糖尿病肾病患者采用前列地尔联合肾康注射液治疗的临床效果显著,有效改善患者的肾功能以及血脂代谢,可在临床上推广应用。     

罗格列酮与前列地尔联合治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的 探讨罗格列酮与前列地尔联合治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效.方法 选取我院2014年1月至2016年1月收治的60例糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,将所有患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组30例,对照组患者采用前列地尔治疗,研究组采用罗格列酮与前列地尔联合治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果.结果 研究组治疗总有效率显著优于对照组,两组比较差异性显著(P<0.05),两组治疗后24h尿蛋白、SCr、CPR均有所下降,但研究组24h尿蛋白、SCr、CPR下降较对照组显著,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 罗格列酮与前列地尔联合治疗糖尿病肾病能有效的提高临床疗效,值得临床进行推广使用.     

血必净注射液治疗挤压综合征并肾功能衰竭的效果观察

目的：观察血必净注射液对挤压综合征并肾功能衰竭的临床治疗效果。方法：将28例挤压综合征并肾功能衰竭患者随机分为两组,每组14例。对照组给予常规内外科治疗,观察组在对照组基础上注射血必净。治疗前后监测两组肾功能指标水平,并观察两组疗效。结果：治疗后,两组尿量提升至正常水平,24h UP、SCr、BUN、血β2-MG水平明显降低（P<0.05）,观察组24h UP、SCr、BUN、血β2-MG水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组总有效率为92.9%,显著高于对照组的78.6%（P<0.05）。结论：血必净注射液可以明显提高挤压综合征并肾功能衰竭的治疗效果,降低死亡率,值得临床推广。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.