不同提取方法的红树莓籽油品质及体外抗氧化活性对比

以红树莓籽为原料,采用索氏提取、超声提取、高剪切-超声提取法提取红树莓籽油,比较三种提取方法对红树莓籽油理化性质、脂肪酸组成成分、籽油中β-谷甾醇和α-生育酚含量以及体外抗氧化能力的影响,探究提取的最佳方法。结果表明,高剪切-超声提取法提取的红树莓籽油酸值、皂化值、过氧化值低,碘值高,在红树莓籽油中检测出19种脂肪酸,占红树莓籽油总成分的98.22%,其中亚麻酸和亚油酸分别为29.98%和48.07%;索氏提取法提取的红树莓籽油中β-谷甾醇和α-生育酚含量高,分别为97.37 mg/100 g和18.88 mg/100 g,对ABTS自由基的清除作用最强,与超声提取和高剪切-超声提取法有极显著性差异;超声提取法提取的红树莓籽油对DPPH自由基清除作用最强,只与高剪切-超声提取法有显著性差异。综合考虑,采用高剪切-超声提取法提取红树莓籽油,籽油品质好,活性成分丰富,且具有一定抗氧化活性。     

基于电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱法结合相对气味活度值分析植物油对红油辣椒气味的影响

目的 为探究植物油对红油辣椒气味的影响。方法 采用电子鼻、气质联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)和相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)等分析方法探究不同品种的植物油对红油辣椒气味物质的影响。结果 电子鼻检测结果结合OPLS-DA分析表明不同品种的植物油制备的红油辣椒其整体气味轮廓差异明显。GC-MS检测结果表明5种植物油制备的红油辣椒共检测到101种挥发性物质,其中醇类29种、醛类30种、烃类12种、硫醚类3种、酯类6种、酸类2种以及其他化合物19种；醇类、醛类、硫醚类是红油辣椒的主要挥发性物质。ROAV分析表明A样品(精炼菜籽油)的关键性化合物是：苯乙醛、反-2-壬醛、二甲基硫醚；B样品(大豆油)的关键性化合物是：1-庚烯-3-酮、二甲基硫醚；C(花生油)、E(菜籽油)样品的关键性化合物是：二甲基硫醚; D(玉米油)样品的关键性化合物是：二甲基硫醚、(Z)-2-壬烯醛、1-辛烯-3-酮。结论 不同品种的植物油制备的红油辣椒的主要挥发性物质有一定差,二甲基硫醚是红油辣椒的共有关键性化合物。     

花生焙炒过程中红衣对毛油品质影响的研究

将花生进行3种不同加工方式的处理(包裹红衣焙炒,焙炒后脱除红衣,脱除红衣后焙炒)后提取花生毛油,对所提取的花生毛油进行品质分析,以研究花生红衣脱除与否以及红衣脱除和焙炒的顺序对花生毛油品质的影响。结果表明:随着焙炒温度升高、焙炒时间延长,花生毛油色泽逐渐加深;花生红衣对花生毛油的色泽未造成影响;包裹红衣焙炒组具有最高的酸败风险;相同焙炒条件下,花生毛油的脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸和甘油三酯组成都无明显差异;花生毛油的脂肪酸组成、反式亚麻酸含量、甘油三酯组成均不受焙炒温度和焙炒时间变化的影响,花生毛油反式油酸、反式亚油酸含量和反式脂肪酸总量则随焙炒温度升高、焙炒时间的延长呈现攀升趋势。     

不同抗氧化剂对红松籽油的氧化抑制作用

目的探究3种抗氧化剂对红松籽油的氧化抑制效果。方法采用石油醚浸提法提取红松籽油,以酸价和过氧化值为评价指标,在加速氧化条件下研究了L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、茶多酚棕榈酸酯、脂溶性迷迭香提取物三种抗氧化剂对红松籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果 3种抗氧化剂均能不同程度延缓红松籽油氧化酸败进程,抑制效果与抗氧化剂的添加量基本呈正相关; L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(添加量为0.15 g/kg)抑制红松籽油酸价上升的能力最强,而脂溶性迷迭香提取物(添加量为0.60 g/kg)在延缓过氧化物的产生表现出更大优势。结论选择添加0.15 g/kg L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯可以更好地用于食用红松籽油的抗氧化。     

长程紫外分光光度法快速鉴别地沟油、煎炸油、火锅红油

目的验证长程紫外分光光度法对不同品质的油脂快速检测和鉴别的效果。方法利用自行研发的快速检测仪器,采用紫外吸光值的测定方法,对苏州市区餐饮单位食品安全监督中采集到的65份煎炸油、37份火锅红油、3份涉嫌非法回收食用油及111份地沟油盲样进行快速检测和分析,并与实验室检测结果进行比对。结果该方法能有效地检测地沟油、煎炸油、火锅红油,在盲样考核中准确率达79.28%,检测混合油品时假阴性率较高。结论该仪器能适用于基层食品安全监管部门开展食用油粗筛。     

郫县豆瓣风味火锅蘸酱的研制

对郫县豆瓣风味火锅蘸酱的配方进行了研究,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定郫县豆瓣风味火锅蘸酱的最佳配方:糍粑辣椒和红油豆瓣的质量比为1∶2,红豆瓣45%,花椒粉4.5%,十三香2.0%,胡椒粉1.0%,姜葱蒜35%,白糖粉1.5%,菜籽油55%(以糍粑辣椒和红油豆瓣的质量为100%计)。在此条件下制成的郫县豆瓣风味火锅蘸酱口感、风味较佳。     

不同制油工艺及去除红衣对花生黄曲霉毒素的影响

研究不同制油工艺对花生黄曲霉毒素迁移的影响以及去除红衣对花生黄曲霉毒素削减的影响。结果表明:采用溶剂浸提法制取花生油时,约3%的黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)迁移至油中,而剩下的97%迁移至粕中;采用水酶法制取花生油过程中,约10%的AFB1、0. 1%的AFB2迁移至油中,AFB1、AFB2分别有69. 25%、77. 70%迁移至液相中;采用压榨法制取花生油时,AFB1、AFB2有约10%迁移至油中,剩下的约90%迁移至饼中;当花生仁中黄曲霉毒素含量较低时,去除红衣对其削减率影响较大;而当黄曲霉毒素含量较高时,去除红衣对其削减率影响较小。     

The Glycemic Potential of White and Red Rice Affected by Oil Type and Time of Addition

Limited research exists on how different oil types and time of addition affect starch digestibility of rice. This study aimed to assess the starch digestibility of white and red rice prepared with 2 oil types: vegetable oil (unsaturated fat) and ghee (clarified butter, saturated fat) added at 3 different time points during the cooking process (“before”: frying raw rice in oil before boiling, “during”: adding oil during boiling, and “after”: stir‐frying cooked rice in oil). Red rice produced a slower digestion rate than white rice. White rice digestibility was not affected by oil type, but was affected by addition time of oil. Adding oil “after” (stir‐frying) to white or red rice resulted in higher slowly digestible starch. Red rice cooked using ghee showed the lowest amount of glucose release during in vitro digestion. The addition of ghee “during” (that is boiling with ghee) or “before” (that is frying rice raw with ghee then boiling) cooking showed potential for attenuating the postprandial glycemic response and increasing resistant starch content. This is the first report to show healthier ways of preparing rice. White rice with oil added “after” (stir‐fried) may provide a source of sustained glucose and stabilize blood glucose levels. Boiling red rice with ghee or cooking red rice with ghee pilaf‐style may provide beneficial effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and improve colonic health. The encouraging results of the present study justify extending it to an in vivo investigation to conclusively determine the effect of time of addition of fat when rice is cooked on blood glucose homeostasis.     

火麻籽油超临界萃取工艺的研究

火麻籽油中含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸和维生素E,可用作化妆品用油脂。选择不同萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为自变量,火麻籽油红色值和出油效率为响应值,利用Box-Benhken中心组合方法进行3因素3水平的试验设计,并做响应面分析,建立回归模型。结果表明,各因素对火麻籽油红色值的影响程度依次为:萃取时间萃取压力萃取温度;对火麻籽油出油效率的影响程度依次为:萃取压力萃取时间萃取温度。通过规划求解和验证试验,得到最佳工艺条件为萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度38℃,萃取时间50min,在此条件下,火麻籽油的出油效率为77.2%,油脂的红色值为1.0。且超临界萃取出来的浅色火麻籽油品质较高。     

Red palm oil supplementation: a feasible diet-based approach to improve the vitamin A status of pregnant women and their infants

This double-blinded, randomized, controlled study was designed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with red palm oil during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal vitamin A status. A total of 170 women were recruited at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation and randomly assigned to an experimental group that received red palm oil to supply approximately one recommended dietary amount (RDA) (2,400 micrograms) of beta-carotene or to a control group that received an equivalent volume of groundnut oil. The women received the oils for a period of 8 weeks, starting at 26 to 28 weeks of gestation and extending to 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. The mean postintervention (34 to 36 weeks) levels of serum retinol were 1.20 +/- 0.22 (SD) mumol/L (95% CI, 1.15-1.25) in women receiving red palm oil and 0.73 +/- 0.15 mumol/L (95% CI, 0.69-0.77) in their infants; these levels were significantly higher than those in women receiving groundnut oil (1.07 +/- 0.26 mumol/L; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; p < .01) and their infants (0.62 +/- 0.17 mumol/L; 95% CI, 0.57-0.67; p < .001). A significantly lower proportion of women in the red palm oil group than in the control group had vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol levels < 0.7 mumol/L) after intervention (1.5% vs. 9.7%). The proportion of women having anemia was significantly lower (p < .01) in the red palm oil-supplemented group (80.6%) than in the control group (96.7%). The mean birthweight and gestational age of the infants did not differ significantly between the two groups. An increased risk of low birth-weight (p = .003) and preterm delivery (p = .000) was observed with decreasing serum retinol levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results show that red palm oil supplementation significantly improved maternal and neonatal vitamin A status and reduced the prevalence of maternal anemia. Maternal vitamin A status in the later part of pregnancy is significantly associated with fetal growth and maturation. Hence red palm oil, a rich source of bioavailable vitamin A, could be used as a diet-based approach for improving vitamin A status in pregnancy.     

苹果籽油超临界萃取及其特性研究

以富士、新红星及澳洲青苹三个品种苹果籽为原料,确定物理特性参数后用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术提取油脂,测定所得油脂理化指标,并分析油脂脂肪酸组成。结果表明:三个品种苹果籽均富含粗蛋白和粗脂肪;在SFE–CO2较优提取条件下,富士、新红星和澳洲青苹苹果籽油得率分别为21.78%、20.64%和20.82%;所得油脂理化指标均符合食用油标准;苹果籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是亚油酸,在富士、新红星和澳洲青苹苹果籽油中含量分别为51.25%、50.14%和50.70%;因而,苹果籽油具有良好商业开发前景。     

Heating,microwave and UV irradiation effects on oxidative stability of Sardasht red grape (Vitis vinifera cultiv. Sardasht) seed oil

In the current study, for the first time, the oxidation stability of the extracted edible oil from Sardasht red grape at three different accelerated deteriorative conditions (oven, microwave and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation) was investigated. In this context, the peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CDV), carbonyl value (CV), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and oil/oxidative stability indices, as well as fatty acid composition and total tocopherol content, were evaluated. Sardasht grape seed oil as a rich oil in unsaturated fatty acid (about 87%) contains linoleic acid in terms of the principal fatty acid (70.4 ± 1.8%). The excessive oxidative stability of crude oil can be correlated with the extreme content of natural antioxidants (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The findings showed that Sardasht red grape seed oil could be approached as new source of edible oil with acceptable oxidative stability.     

紫皮甘蔗天然红色素功能活性研究

从紫皮甘蔗中提取甘蔗红色素,研究该色素对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH 自由基及NO2 的清除作用,以及在动物油和植物油中的抗氧化能力,以此来评价红色素的功能活性。结果表明：甘蔗红色素对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH 自由基均有良好的清除作用,对NO2 的清除作用不太显著;在油脂中具有一定的抗氧化能力,在猪油中的抗氧化能力强于在豆油中的抗氧化能力。     

Characteristics of microcapsule of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) essential oil produced from different Arabic gum ratios on antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Essential oil has antimicrobial activity. Encapsulation of essential oil might affect its antimicrobial activity. The present study was aimed to study the characteristic of red ginger essential oil microcapsule obtained from varying Arabic gum ratios on the growth inhibition of E. coli dan S. aureus. Red ginger essential oil from steam distillation was coated using Arabic gum with ratio 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 (w/b). The 1:3 (v/w) ratio of red ginger essential oil and Arabic gum showed the best microcapsule characteristics with average inhibition diameter zones 5.67 mm for E. coli and 6.67 mm for S. aureus, and reduction of bacterial count for E. coli 1.8 log CFU/g and S. aureus 2.3 log CFU/g, yield of microcapsule 51.54%, water activity 0.207, water content 3.57%, solubility 97.46%, surface oil 0.08%, and particle size 258.2 µm. The major component of red ginger essential oil was ar-curcumene, zingiberen, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and camphene.     

Variation in fatty acid composition of palm oils from two varieties of the oil palm (Eelaeis guineensis)

A comparative study was carried out on the fatty acid content of palm oil samples from the red and yellow fruits of Dura and Tenera varieties of Elaeis guineensis in the dry (January) and wet (May) seasons. Significant differences in the fatty acid content of the oils from the two varieties were observed. The degree of total unsaturation of the oil samples varied, with oil from red fruits of Dura having the highest total unsaturated fatty acids.     

辣椒籽油的制备及其挥发性香味物质的研究

利用亚临界低温萃取技术对经过炒制前处理的辣椒籽进行萃取制备得到辣椒籽油,并采用同时蒸馏结合GC-MS法,分析了不同的炒制温度(120~200℃)和炒制时间(5~25 min)对辣椒籽油中的挥发性成分和脂肪酸成分的影响。在炒制时间为5 min,炒制温度低于140℃时,芳樟醇、月桂烯、双戊烯是辣椒籽油的主要香气物质,当温度高于140℃时,吡嗪类化合物和2-戊基呋喃是辣椒籽油的主要香气物质。在炒制温度为140℃,炒制时间为5 min时,辣椒籽油中的芳樟醇、月桂烯、双戊烯的含量分别达到最大值,随着炒制时间的增加,辣椒籽油中的2,3,5,6-甲基四吡嗪和2-戊基呋喃的含量在20 min时达到了最大值。辣椒籽油中主要的脂肪酸成分是棕榈酸(11.57%)、油酸(76.16%)和亚油酸(7.14%)。     

模糊数学感官评价结合响应面法优化五香卤味即食豆杆调味配方

采用模糊数学感官评价法结合响应面法对五香卤味即食豆杆的调味配方进行优化研究。结果表明,最佳调味配方为食用盐添加量0.5%,红油添加量8.0%,五香油添加量0.1%,丙氨酸添加量0.2%。在此最佳调味配方条件下,五香卤味即食豆杆呈浅红色,带光泽;咸淡适宜,有五香风味;油料较均匀,无明显破损;五香卤味香气较明显,不刺激,模糊数学感官评分为（87.91±0.62）分,其质量指标符合相关标准。此试验结果为即食豆杆工业化生产提供理论依据。     

蒙脱土对植物油脱色效果的综合评价北大核心CSCD

为了开发高效、环保的食用油脱色剂,以一种环保方法(半干法)生产的蒙脱土为研究对象,研究其在不同脱色条件(脱色温度、脱色时间和脱色剂添加量)下对大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油品质的影响。结果表明:该蒙脱土具有吸附色素和过氧化物从而降低油脂红值和过氧化值的作用,与脱色前相比,大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油的红值最大降幅分别为77.4%、92.3%和87.2%,过氧化值最大降幅分别为82.7%、83.2%和91.2%;蒙脱土用于3种植物油的脱色,植物油中总甾醇和总生育酚含量下降,而酸值总体上缓慢上升。进一步研究发现,在相同的脱色条件下,蒙脱土对大豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油的酸值、总甾醇含量和吸油率的影响结果均优于活性白土,尤其是吸油率几乎是活性白土的一半。蒙脱土可替代活性白土用于对色泽要求不是很高的植物油脱色中。     

几种脱色剂对菜籽油脱色效果的研究

以菜籽油的色泽红值和叶绿素含量为考察指标,比较了凹凸棒土、活性白土、活性炭和双氧水4种脱色剂对菜籽油在中低温(40~80℃)下的脱色效果,同时考察了凹凸棒土与活性炭、活性白土与活性炭组成的复合吸附脱色剂对菜籽油的脱色效果。结果表明:活性炭在较低添加量条件下可以获得与凹凸棒土和活性白土较高添加量相当的脱色效果;活性白土-活性炭复合脱色效果优于凹凸棒土-活性炭,在添加量为2%时,80℃下可使菜籽油的叶绿素含量降低32. 5%、70℃下使菜籽油色泽红值降低30. 6%;双氧水对于去除菜籽油叶绿素和降低色泽红值效果明显,70℃下,0. 4%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油叶绿素含量降低9. 0%、0. 6%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油色泽红值降低25. 0%。活性白土-活性炭脱色和双氧水脱色后的菜籽油品质指标均达到国标四级菜籽油水平;就单位质量浓度脱色剂的脱色效果来说,双氧水的脱色效率更高。     

Effects of feeding diets containing different fat supplements to swine on the visual properties and storage stability of low-fat sausage

Sixty barrows and gilts were assigned to one of five dietary treatments consisting of a control diet of corn and soybean meal and four similar test diets that contained a 10% replacement of either animal fat, safflower oil, sunflower oil or canola oil, to determine the effects of high levels of oleic acid in the diet of swine on the storage stability of fresh pork sausage. Pork trim from each treatment was used to formulate sausage that contained two fat levels (25% and 35%), and two levels of added water (3% and 11%). Thiobarbituric acid values did not differ between the control, safflower oil or sunflower oil treatments and all treatments were acceptable after 10 weeks of storage. Microbial numbers increased with the level of added water and during time in storage (up to 3 weeks). Visual evaluation showed that the control was the most red and least discolored, while the canola oil treatment was the least red and the most discolored. Results from the present study suggest that a 105 replacement of a typical corn/soybean meal diet to swine with safflower or sunflower oil did not alter the storage-stability of fresh pork sausage.