40Cr钢调质后纵裂分析

对４０Ｃｒ钢拉伸，冲击试样调质后出现的纵向裂纹进行了试验和分析，结果表明，此纵向裂汶系淬火裂纹，而轧材表面折叠缺陷是导致试样淬火开裂的直接原因。     

试样厚度对ZrB2基超高温陶瓷抗热冲击性能的影响

理论推导了平板材料热冲击过程中瞬时温度分布和热应力分布.通过实验研究了ZrB2-20%SIC-10%AIN(ZSA)超高温陶瓷基复合材料的热物理性能、力学性能和其热冲击开裂过程,确定了不同厚度试样热冲击开裂的临界温差;随着试样厚度的增加,热冲击开裂的临界温差逐渐降低.通过理论计算的分布曲线和实验数据点的比较,预测了不同试样厚度的ZSA陶瓷基复合材料热冲击时的表面换热系数值,并计算了不同厚度试样热冲击过程中表面热应力随时间的变化关系,发现厚度为1mm的平板在其临界温差480℃下热震时,表面达到最大热应力所用的时间最短,然后热应力的降低速度也最快.     

试样厚度对ZrB2基超高温陶瓷抗热冲击性能的影响EI

理论推导了平板材料热冲击过程中瞬时温度分布和热应力分布.通过实验研究了ZrB2-20%SIC-10%AIN(ZSA)超高温陶瓷基复合材料的热物理性能、力学性能和其热冲击开裂过程,确定了不同厚度试样热冲击开裂的临界温差;随着试样厚度的增加,热冲击开裂的临界温差逐渐降低.通过理论计算的分布曲线和实验数据点的比较,预测了不同试样厚度的ZSA陶瓷基复合材料热冲击时的表面换热系数值,并计算了不同厚度试样热冲击过程中表面热应力随时间的变化关系,发现厚度为1mm的平板在其临界温差480℃下热震时,表面达到最大热应力所用的时间最短,然后热应力的降低速度也最快.     

Stellite12钴基合金热循环冲击前后拉伸断裂机理研究

对不同缺口的Stellite12钴基合金试样(700℃/20℃进行不同次数的热循环冲击和未冲击)进行原位拉伸,并结合试验数据的分析以及断口形貌的扫描电镜观察,分析了Stellite12钴基合金热循环冲击前后的拉伸断裂过程和断裂机理。结果发现:热循环冲击后不同半径试样的断裂过程略有不同,热循环冲击后的小圆弧缺口试样在缺口根部产生表面微裂纹,试样边缘及微裂纹两侧产生氧化微孔;原位拉伸时,该试样热冲击过程产生的裂纹先向试样厚度方向扩展,待厚度方向贯通,然后裂纹尖端的基体发生变形、黑相(白相)穿晶开裂、少量沿氧化微孔裂开,试样瞬间发生断裂;而经历热循环冲击后的大圆弧试样表面并未产生明显的裂纹,拉伸加载过程经历大圆弧根部基体变形、黑白相内开裂、边缘氧化微孔张开,试样突然断裂;对于未冲击试样,在加载过程中,试样的断裂过程经历基体变形、黑白相内部开裂,能量聚集到一定程度试样突然断裂。对于未热冲击的三种不同试样其断裂过程基本类似,仅仅是由于小圆弧半径的试样应力集中程度更大,从而使得其断裂应力低于平板以及大圆弧试样。     

改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥性能的影响

采用丙烯酸化学接枝法对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性,研究了改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥塑性收缩开裂、力学性能及泡孔结构的影响.结果表明,改性聚丙烯纤维可改善发泡水泥的泡孔结构,并降低其塑性收缩开裂、细化其塑性收缩裂缝,同时可提高其抗折、抗压强度及弯曲韧性.纤维与水泥的质量比为0.7％时,试样的泡孔结构明显改善,塑性收缩开裂值下降了85.4％,且缝宽小于1 mm的塑性收缩裂缝比例高达73.1％,同时试样抗折及抗压强度分别增加48.8％和30.3％,弯曲韧性显著增加.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、SEM、光学显微镜对改性前后聚丙烯纤维表面基团及发泡水泥试样的断面微观形貌、泡孔结构进行了分析,探讨了改性聚丙烯纤维的作用机制.     

变形温度和变形量对Cr12MoV钢裂纹产生的影响

在不同变形温度(900,1 000,1 100,1 150,1 200℃)和变形量(10%～80%)下对Cr12MoV模具钢进行应变诱导裂纹扩展(SICO)试验,观察其表面裂纹产生的情况,分析变形温度和变形量对裂纹产生的影响。结果表明:当温度一定时,Cr12MoV钢达到一定变形量时才会出现裂纹。随着变形量的再增加,试样表面的裂纹数量增多。在不同温度下,Cr12MoV钢具有不同的临界变形量,高于该临界变形量时,裂纹数量随着变形量的增大而增多,直至造成试样开裂。试样在低温条件下出现开裂的原因主要为网状碳化物析出较多,在晶界形成薄弱区,导致试样在一定变形量下开裂;试样在高温条件下出现开裂的原因主要为过热引起碳化物的聚集长大,造成应力集中,降低了材料的塑韧性,导致材料开裂。通过SICO试验和热拉伸试验得到的Cr12MoV钢最宜加工温度范围相同,均为1 100～1 150℃,且1 150℃为最佳锻造温度。     

改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥性能的影响

采用丙烯酸化学接枝法对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性, 研究了改性聚丙烯纤维对发泡水泥塑性收缩开裂、 力学性能及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明, 改性聚丙烯纤维可改善发泡水泥的泡孔结构, 并降低其塑性收缩开裂、 细化其塑性收缩裂缝, 同时可提高其抗折、 抗压强度及弯曲韧性。纤维与水泥的质量比为0.7%时, 试样的泡孔结构明显改善, 塑性收缩开裂值下降了85.4%, 且缝宽小于1 mm的塑性收缩裂缝比例高达73.1%, 同时试样抗折及抗压强度分别增加48.8%和30.3%, 弯曲韧性显著增加。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、 SEM、 光学显微镜对改性前后聚丙烯纤维表面基团及发泡水泥试样的断面微观形貌、 泡孔结构进行了分析, 探讨了改性聚丙烯纤维的作用机制。     

正交铺层PIP-SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的水淬失效行为EI北大核心CSCD

铺层方式是影响预浸料铺贴工艺制备SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料抗热震性能的关键因素之一。以先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料为研究对象,基于内聚力模型,对不同正交铺层方式的方形试样开展1200℃高温水淬实验及有限元仿真研究。结果表明:水淬过程中试样表面温度急剧下降,芯部与表面存在较大温差,顶角与芯部温差最高可达1077℃,导致复合材料的主要失效模式为层间开裂和基体开裂,且试样层间开裂位置与铺层方式有关。由模拟结果可知,由于正交铺层方式的不同,试样的层间开裂位移也存在显著差异:[0/90]与[0/90/0]两种铺层方式层间主裂纹开裂位移约为0.61 mm,而[0/0/90/90]铺层主开裂位移仅为0.04 mm。此外,随着水淬时间的增加,层间主裂纹开裂位移逐渐增大,而次裂纹在开裂后逐渐发生闭合现象。     

不锈钢套筒电刷镀锡防渗氮

15Cr11MoVA不锈钢套筒是汽轮机组上的重要零件。由于它在高温、高压下长期工作，因而要求它内部表面和小孔具有高强度、抗蚀性及耐磨性。而外部表面则要求具有良好的可加工性。为了满足这些要求，对套筒内表面和小孔要进行氮化处理，而对其外部表面应采取防渗氮措施。以前是采用电     

关于钢材力学性能试验试样断口厚向开裂的若干问题

针对钢铁产品力学性能试验试样(包括拉伸、弯曲、静压、冲击、落锤撕裂和断裂韧度试验试样)断口厚向开裂现象中涉及的试样断口厚向开裂的原因、试样断口分离/分层开裂如何界定,是否认定为欠缺/缺陷,船板静压大断口试验的合理性以及钢材的合乎使用性等若干问题进行了讨论分析,提出了一些新的观点和建议。     

A Modified Tensile Test to Study the Behaviour of Cementitious Materials

Abstract: We investigate the tensile behaviour of two fibre reinforced repair mortars by two direct tensile testing configurations. In the first configuration, a ball‐joint loading fixture is developed such that an ideal hinge boundary condition is guaranteed. This technique allows to access to mechanical properties of the material such as the modulus of elasticity and the failure stress. However, it does not allow studying the post‐peak behaviour of the materials. A new post‐peak tension test is adopted using a metallic bar within the fibre reinforced repair mortar hollow sample. Bar constitute a crack stabiliser by providing extra stiffness. It can minimise or eliminate the strain energy release from the testing machine, so that a stable post‐peak response can be obtained. The test method uses a digitally controlled closed‐loop testing electromechanical machine and three control channels: crosshead displacement and two extensometers mounted on the test sample. A complete stress–strain curve is obtained by this method if adaptive control and test setup are chosen appropriately.     

A goodness-of-fit test for copula densities

We consider the problem of testing hypotheses on the copula density from a two-dimensional random sample. We test the null hypothesis of a parametric class against a composite nonparametric alternative. Each density under the alternative is separated in the L ₂-norm from any density lying in the null hypothesis. The copula densities under consideration are assumed to belong to a range of Besov balls. According to the minimax approach, the testing problem is solved in an adaptive framework: it leads to a log log  loss term in the minimax rate of testing in comparison with the non-adaptive case. A smoothness-free test statistic that achieves the minimax rate is proposed. The lower bound is also proved.     

Bayesian reliability demonstration for failure-free periods

We study sample sizes for testing as required for Bayesian reliability demonstration in terms of failure-free periods after testing, under the assumption that tests lead to zero failures. For the process after testing, we consider both deterministic and random numbers of tasks, including tasks arriving as Poisson processes. It turns out that the deterministic case is worst in the sense that it requires most tasks to be tested. We consider such reliability demonstration for a single type of task, as well as for multiple types of tasks to be performed by one system. We also consider the situation, where tests of different types of tasks may have different costs, aiming at minimal expected total costs, assuming that failure in the process would be catastrophic, in the sense that the process would be discontinued. Generally, these inferences are very sensitive to the choice of prior distribution, so one must be very careful with interpretation of non-informativeness of priors.     

A Framework for Systematic Classification of Assets for Security Testing

Over the last decade, a significant increase has been observed in the use of web-based Information systems that process sensitive information, e.g., personal, financial, medical. With this increased use, the security of such systems became a crucial aspect to ensure safety, integrity and authenticity of the data. To achieve the objectives of data safety, security testing is performed. However, with growth and diversity of information systems, it is challenging to apply security testing for each and every system. Therefore, it is important to classify the assets based on their required level of security using an appropriate technique. In this paper, we propose an asset security classification technique to classify the System Under Test (SUT) based on various factors such as system exposure, data criticality and security requirements. We perform an extensive evaluation of our technique on a sample of 451 information systems. Further, we use security testing on a sample extracted from the resulting prioritized systems to investigate the presence of vulnerabilities. Our technique achieved promising results of successfully assigning security levels to various assets in the tested environments and also found several vulnerabilities in them.     

民用炸药敏感度试验方法的研究与探讨

敏感度试验的传统试验方案是在规定的刺激水平上进行规定次数的试验,如果试样不发生感应,即判为合格,否则即判为不合格。该文以煤矿炸药瓦斯安全性为例,对此进行了比较详细的探讨,f=0/5这种传统试验方案是不可靠和不科学的,并提出半数感应量是比较合理的试验方案。     

多重模糊假设检验的贝叶斯方法

应用统计推断和统计决策问题中,常常需要处理模糊概念,模糊假设检验是其中非常重要的一种情形。本文将模糊性引入到多重假设中,从贝叶斯决策的角度,分样本为清晰数据和模糊信息两种情形,研究了多重模糊假设的贝叶斯方法,并给出了数值例。     

Spherical harmonics in quadratic forms for testing multivariate normality

We study two statistics for testing goodness of fit to the null hypothesis of multivariate normality, based on averages over the standardized sample of multivariate spherical harmonics, radial functions and their products. These statistics (of which one was studied in the two-dimensional case in Quiroz and Dudley, 1991) have, as limiting distributions, linear combinations of chi-squares. In arbitrary dimension, we obtain closed form expressions for the coefficients that describe the limiting distributions, which allow us to produce Monte Carlo approximate limiting quantiles. We also obtain Monte Carlo approximate finite sample size quantiles and evaluate the power of the statistics presented against several alternatives of interest. A power comparison with other relevant statistics is included. The statistics proposed are easy to compute (with Fortran code available from the authors) and their finite sample quantiles converge relatively rapidly, with increasing sample size, to their limiting values, a behaviour that could be explained by the large number of orthogonal functions used in the quadratic forms involved.     

Determination of sample sizes for autonomous testing of components with different reliabilities in sequential systems

We consider the problem of determining requirements for autonomous testing of a system containing components of different reliabilities. We propose a model for justification of sample sizes on the basis of information about relative reliabilities of components. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 10–12, March, 1998.     

差示扫描量热法高效测定联二脲纯度初探

本文探讨了使用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）准确测定联二脲产品纯度的可能性。通过对比实验发现,传统化学计量差减法测试得到的联二脲样品纯度与采用DSC方法测定得到的结果基本一致,因此可以采用DSC方法代替差减法来高效测定联二脲产品的纯度。相比而言,DSC法具有样品用量少,准确度优异,测试效率高等优点。