肝动注阿霉素及其脂质体在体内的定量分析

进一步研究阿霉素及其脂质体在体内的行为,需要灵敏、精确的定量分析方法,本研究建立了适用于微量阿霉素及其脂质体以及其代谢产物Adriamycinol和Adriamycinone在动物组织、血浆及尿中的高效液相分析方法。     

盐酸吡硫醇脂质体在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 研究盐酸吡硫醇脂质体注射液在大鼠体内的药动学行为,并与盐酸吡硫醇注射液进行比较,评价盐酸吡硫醇脂质体药动学特征。方法 采用大鼠股静脉给药,眼眶取血,UPLC/MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中盐酸吡硫醇的浓度,运用MasslynxTM NT4.1软件进行数据采集;运用QuanLynxTM program进行数据分析。结果 脂质体及溶液剂的AUC0-t分别为（1817.093±197.832）、（2592.349±303.194）μg/(L?h);Cmax分别为（6080.502±549.12）、（9525.987±531.813）μg/L;t1/2分别（1.512±0.387）、（0.732±0.388）h。两制剂的药时过程均符合三隔室模型,两者药动学行为相似。结论 运用DAS2.0进行生物等效性评价,脂质体组与溶液剂组药动学参数均在等效置信区间内,两制剂生物等效。     

多西紫杉醇脂质体家兔体内药动学

目的:研究多西紫杉醇脂质体在家兔体内的药动学。方法:18只家兔随机分为3组,分别在耳缘静脉单剂量(7.5mg·kg-1)注射多西紫杉醇普通脂质体、长循环脂质体和市售注射液,用高效液相色谱法测定各时间点血药浓度。结果:血药浓度-时间数据均符合二房室模型;t1/2α分别为(0.31±0.11),(0.32±0.06),(0.17±0.04)h;t1/2β分别为(11.2±1.3),(10.5±1.1),(8.5±1.0)h;Vd分别为(8.6±1.1),(6.3±0.6),(13.7±3.6)L;AUC0→24分别为(22.8±3.6),(29.3±6.0),(13.4±2.4)mg.h.L-1;AUC0→∞分别为(28.7±5.0),(37.0±9.1),(15.1±2.8)mg.h.L-1;CL分别为(0.54±0.08),(0.42±0.07),(1.10±0.18)L.h-1。2种脂质体与注射液相比,t1/2α,t1/2β,Vd,CL,AUC0→24及AUC0→∞均有显著性或极显著性差异;脂质体之间Vd和CL差异有显著性。结论:与普通注射液相比,家兔静注两种脂质体后,均具有较长的消除半衰期,更大的药-时曲线下面积,较低的总体消除率和较小的表观分布容积,说明脂质体制剂具有长效和缓释的特点;经PEG修饰的长循环脂质体较之普通脂质体,在能够维持较长的体内循环时间的同时,能够更好地浓集于靶组织,减少药物对其他组织的不良反应并增加疗效。     

隐形依托泊苷脂质体在家兔体内的药动学

目的 以市售依托泊苷注射液和普通依托泊苷脂质体为参比制剂,评价了隐形依托泊苷脂质体在家兔体内的药动学.方法 家免单剂量静脉注射依托泊苷1.5 mg/kg,于不同时间点采血测定,并计算药动学参数.结果 隐形依托泊苷脂质体、依托泊苷注射液和普通依托泊苷脂质体的分布半衰期(tv2a)分别为(2.05±0.32)、(0.05±0.01)和(1.73±0.26)h,消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为(19.26±3.16)、(0.94±0.21)和(7.99±1.36)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(26.04±3.53)、(0.98±0.26)和(11.65±1.70)μ g-h/mL,.结论 隐形依托泊苷脂质体显著延长了依托泊苷在血液中的循环时间,具有缓释作用.     

丝裂霉素C及其磁性纳米球在小鼠体内相关药动学参数的比较

目的　比较丝裂霉素C磁性纳米球胶体溶液与丝裂霉素C在小鼠体内的血药浓度及相关药动学参数。方法　采用HPLC法 ,测定小鼠经尾静脉注射丝裂霉素C或丝裂霉素C磁性纳米球胶体溶液 (1mg·kg-1·d-1)后 ,在小鼠体内的血药浓度 ,从而得出药—时曲线及相关药动学参数。将血药浓度经SPSS10 .0统计软件进行配对t检验。结果　在小鼠体内 ,丝裂霉素C磁性纳米球胶体溶液的血药浓度明显高于丝裂霉素C ;胶体溶液药—时曲线下面积AUC较丝裂霉素C大 ,表观分布容积Vc较丝裂霉素C小 ,清除率Cl较丝裂霉素C慢 ;胶体溶液和丝裂霉素C在小鼠体内的血药浓度具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　丝裂霉素C制成磁性纳米球胶体溶液 ,在外加磁场的作用下可延长在血浆中的停留时间 ,降低血管外分布量 ,减慢清除。可望提高药效 ,减少不良反应。     

血根碱脂质体的制备与大鼠体内药动学

目的：制备血根碱脂质体并研究其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法：采用硫酸铵梯度法制备血根碱脂质体。大鼠尾静脉注射血根碱脂质体或血根碱溶液,血浆样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白提取,以白屈菜红碱为内标,HPLC法测定。应用Kinetica4．4拟合数据,求算药动学参数。色谱条件如下：采用色谱柱Zorbax SB—C18（250mm&#215;4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈～0．1％磷酸水溶液（30：70）,流速1mL&#183;min^-1,荧光检测激发波长475nm,发射波长为577nm。结果：溶液组和脂质体组的t1/2,β分别为62．44min、73．65min,AUC分别为120．5mg&#183;min&#183;L^-1、182．2mg&#183;min&#183;L^-1,经t检验两组有显著差异。结论：上述方法能够准确、灵敏地检测血浆中的血根碱。血根碱制备成脂质体后在大鼠体内消除变慢．生物利用度增加。     

长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体的构建及其在大鼠体内的药动学（英文）

目的构建长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体,并考察其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法采用硫酸铵梯度法制备长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体;将Sprague-Dawley大鼠分成两组,分别尾静脉注射长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体和游离药,用高效液相二极管阵列色谱法和高效液相荧光色谱法分别测定血浆中长春新碱和奎纳克林的浓度,通过与游离药组比较,评价长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质组的药动学特点。结果长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体的粒径为135.9±7.1nm,其中,长春新碱的包封率大于90%,奎纳克林的包封率大于85%;大鼠尾静脉注射长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体后,与游离药组相比,长春新碱和奎纳克林的血液滞留时间明显增长,并且两者平均血药浓度都明显提高。在长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体组中,长春新碱和奎纳克林的Cmax,t1/2和AUC0-24h都分别高于游离药组的相应值,然而,长春新碱和奎纳克林的Cl都明显低于游离药组的值。结论本研究成功构建了具有高包封率的长春新碱抗耐药性隐形脂质体。抗耐药性隐形脂质体明显延了长春新碱和奎纳克林在血液中的循环时间并提高了二者血浆中平均血药浓度。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸西替利嗪血药浓度及其药动学研究

目的建立高效液相色谱测定血浆中盐酸西替利嗪浓度的方法,并研究其药动学行为。方法18名受试者单剂量口服盐酸西替利嗪10mg后,采用HPLC法测定血药浓度,应用AIC法判别房室模型,并利用DAS软件计算药动学参数。结果血浆中西替利嗪在20．0～1000ng·mL^-1。线性关系良好（r=0．9981）,平均回收率为103．4％,日内RSD≤7．79％．日间RSD≤12．8％。最佳房室模型为二室模型（Wi=1／C^2,AIC=-5．565）,单剂量口服10mg盐酸西替利嗪后的药物动力学参数α为（2．73±7．66）h,β为（0．076±0．049）h,tmax为（0．88±0．34）h,t1/2β为（22．3±26．4）h,Cmax为（268±67．8）ng·mL^-1,AUC036为（1598±395）ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0为（1786±427）ng·h·mL^-1。结论该分析方法简单、快速、准确、精密度高,适用于人血浆中盐酸西替利嗪浓度的测定。盐酸西替利嗪的血浆药动学参数与国内外文献报道基本一致。     

RP-HPLC法测定肾移植患者全血中环孢素A的浓度

目的:建立以反相高效液相色谱法测定肾移植患者全血中环孢素A(CsA)浓度的方法。方法:采用单步萃取法提取,以反相高效液相色谱法测定,其中色谱柱为C8,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水(45∶30∶25),流速为1.2mL·min-1,检测波长为210nm,柱温为60℃。结果:全血中CsA的检测浓度在50～600ng.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9997);方法平均回收率为99.44%,日内、日间RSD均<4%;当S/N≥3时,方法的最低检测限为10ng.mL-1。结论:本方法准确、专一、回收率高、受代谢物干扰少、相对成本较低,可用于临床血药浓度检测及药动学研究。     

RP—HPLC法测定肿瘤患者血浆中紫杉醇浓度

目的：建立以反相高效液相色谱法测定肿瘤患者血浆中紫杉醇浓度的方法。方法：采用有机相（乙酸乙酯）两步萃取,以反相高效色谱法测定,其中色谱柱为Tianhe Kromasil C18,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水（40：25：40）,流速为1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长为227nm,枉温为35℃。结果：血浆中紫杉醇的检测浓度在0．05～5．00mg·L^-1。范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9997）;平均加样回收率为98．75％～100．44％,日内、日间RSD均〈5％（n=5）。应用本法测定了11例患者静脉滴注紫杉醇的经一时血药浓度,其符合药动学二室模型。结论：本法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于临床血药浓度的检测及药动学研究。     

利巴韦林脂质体在大鼠体内的药物动力学及其生物利用度

应用高效液相色谱法 ,以市售利巴韦林口服液为对照 ,测定了利巴韦林脂质体灌胃给药后大鼠血清中的药物浓度 ,按非隔室模型计算利巴韦林脂质体的药物动力学参数 ,AUC值为1 1 1 2 6μg·h/mL,MRT值为 2 1 6h ,K值为 0 0 61 /h ,其相对生物利用度为 1 2 1 3 %     

Doxorubicin induces male germ cell apoptosis in rats

To clarify whether apoptosis is involved in doxorubicin (DXR)-induced testicular toxicity and to identify the target germ cell type, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single intravenous dose of DXR (8 or 12 mg/kg) and euthanized at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h subsequently. Histologically, germ cell degeneration was first found 6 h after dosing in meiotically dividing spermatocytes and early round spermatids of seminiferous tubules at stage I, and subsequently observed in spermatogonia at stages I–VI showing ultrastructural characteristics of apoptosis. Coincident with the appearance of morphological changes, degenerating germ cells were shown to be undergoing apoptosis as revealed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The frequency of TUNEL-labeled germ cells increased in a stage- and cell type-specific manner, the peak of frequency gradually progressing from stage I of seminiferous tubules to later stages with time after dosing, suggesting that the damaged germ cells, especially spermatogonia, gradually underwent the processes leading to apoptosis. DNA laddering on gel electrophoresis was apparent 24 and 48 h after dosing. The results demonstrate that apoptosis plays an important role in the induction of testicular toxicity caused by DXR with meiotically dividing spermatocytes and type A and intermediate spermatogonia as highly vulnerable target cells. Received: 16 February 1999 / Accepted: 19 April 1999     

Targeted delivery of doxorubicin via estrone-appended liposomes

Estrone-appended liposomal formulation of doxorubicin was designed to enhance the capability of clinically used liposomal doxorubicin formulation with the added advantage of delivery of doxorubicin to its destination site, i.e. cancerous cells over-expressing estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrone was conjugated with distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) using succinic anhydride as a linker and the conjugate was characterized by IR and mass spectroscopies. Estrone-coupled liposomes were prepared with the composition of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine–estrone (PC/CHOL/DSPE–ES) at the molar and drug–lipid ratios of 7:3:0.5 and 0.1:1 (w/w), respectively. The average vesicle sizes of the conventional and estrone-appended liposomes were found to be 193 ± 24 and 207 ± 28 nm, respectively. The fluorescent microscopy studies were performed with estrone-appended liposomes loaded with 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF). Results of in vivo biodistribution studies showed that estrone-appended liposomes were effectively taken up by cells expressing ERs. The drug uptake study showed that accumulation of ligand-appended liposomes in the breast and uterus was 13.9 and 12.7 times higher when compared with plain drug, and 11.05 and 10.3 times higher when compared with conventional liposomes, respectively, after 8 h of tail vein intravenous administration. The findings are seminal for selective targeting of antineoplastic agents to the ER, which are frequently over-expressed on carcinoma of breast and uterine origin, and opens the promising possibilities for non-immunogenic, site-specific delivery of bioactive(s) to these sites.     

Preparation and evaluation of doxorubicin-luminespib co-loaded multivesicular liposomes

A combinational therapeutic system that simultaneously administrates various pathways is preferred for anti-cancer treatment. In the present study, we successfully constructed a co-delivery system, multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and luminespib (AUY922). A simple and accurate dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method was established for the determination of DOX and AUY922 in liposomal formulation. MVL-loading drugs were prepared by a multi-emulsion solvent evaporation method, which exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, such as particle size of 3–8 μm and high entrapment efficiency above 95% for DOX and 73% for AUY922. The synergetic cytotoxic effect for these two drugs was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells. The in vitro antitumor studies demonstrated the superior anti-proliferation activity of DOX and AUY922 with a combination index of 0.43, indicating a great synergistic effect. The experimental data suggested that combinational use of DOX and AUY922 within liposomes could be an effective way to develop efficient treatments of cancers.     

紫杉醇纳米脂质体的制备与大鼠体内药动学

目的:制备紫杉醇新型纳米脂质体并研究其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法:采用薄膜分散超声结合冷冻干燥制备紫杉醇纳米脂质体。大鼠尾静脉注射紫杉醇脂质体及市售紫杉醇注射液Anzatax,血浆样品经乙醚提取后用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)检测血浆紫杉醇浓度,并用3P87软件包估算药动学参数。色谱条件如下:色谱柱为Gemini ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0．035mol·L-1乙酸铵缓冲液(pH 5．0)-乙腈(45:50),流速1．0 mL·min,检测波长230 nm,地西泮为内标。结果:制备的紫杉醇纳米脂质体的体积权重粒径为(54.1±26．0)nm,包封率大于80％,符合药典规定,且24 h内与葡萄糖注射液配伍稳定。紫杉醇脂质体及市售紫杉醇注射液Anzatax经大鼠尾静脉注射后均符合二室模型,脂质体组的消除半衰期(t1/2β)显著长于Anzatax组[(3．38±0．39)vs．(2．49±0．63)h,P<0．05];其他药动学参数经方差分析均无显著性差异。紫杉醇脂质体与Anzatax的AUC0-8h比值为88．13％。结论:制备的紫杉醇纳米脂质体在大鼠体内的药动物参数与市售紫杉醇注射液Anzatax比较,t1/2β稍有延长,AUC0-8h值相近。     

市售硝酸甘油片及注射液的有关物质考察

目的：建立反相高效液相色谱法（RP—HPLC）测定硝酸甘油片及注射液有关物质的方法。方法：采用Dikma Diamonsil^TM C18（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水（50：50）为流动相,流速1ml／min,检测波长210nm,柱温40℃。结果：硝酸甘油在0．125—6．25μg／ml浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9996,n=6）,精密度试验RSD为0．5％（n=5）,最低检出量为0．5ng。结论：该方法简便、灵敏、准确,能满足硝酸甘油片及注射液质量控制的要求。     

超氧化物歧化酶脂质体在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布

目的考察3种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)脂质体静脉给药后在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布。方法 用反相蒸发法制备SOD脂质体，采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测SOD活力，静脉注射给药后，测定大鼠血中SOD含量变化和不同组织中SOD含量变化。结果在血浆中，SOD水溶液、SOD普通脂质体、用DSPE-PEG2000修饰的SOD脂质体、用Tween 80修饰的SOD脂质体的半衰期分别为0.25，0.34，0.66和0.41 h；AUC分别为12.48，24.66，41.16和33.02 μg·h·mL^-1。与普通脂质体比较，经过DSPE-PEG和Tween 80修饰后的脂质体，使肝、脾中SOD的含量有不同程度的降低，脑中含量有所提高。结论3种SOD脂质体均可不同程度地延长SOD的血浆半衰期，并以用DSPE-PEG2000修饰的SOD脂质体效果最好。与普通脂质体相比，用Tween 80修饰的SOD脂质体可以提高进入脑中的SOD量，用DSPE-PEG2000修饰的SOD脂质体可以减少肝脾对SOD的摄取。