光学期刊联合编辑部成功参展中国国际光电周

第十一届ILOPE展会于2006年12月5-7日在北京召开,此次展会包含了一个光电展览,四个技术/产业论坛和一个中外贸易交流会.吸引了来自14个国家近400家参展商,展出面积达1万多平米.国内主流的激光、光学和红外厂商悉数到场,同时国外FLIR、光谱物理、相干、镭宝、贰陆、HGH、Senko、美国Photonics、尼康等国际知名企业也携新产品、新技术参与.     

Graph Laplacian Matrix Learning from Smooth Time-Vertex Signal

In this paper,we focus on inferring graph Laplacian matrix from the spatiotemporal signal which is defined as“time-vertex signal”.To realize this,we first represent the signals on a joint graph which is the Cartesian product graph of the time-and vertex-graphs.By assuming the signals follow a Gaussian prior distribution on the joint graph,a meaningful representation that promotes the smoothness property of the joint graph signal is derived.Furthermore,by decoupling the joint graph,the graph learning framework is formulated as a joint optimization problem which includes signal denoising,timeand vertex-graphs learning together.Specifically,two algorithms are proposed to solve the optimization problem,where the discrete second-order difference operator with reversed sign(DSODO)in the time domain is used as the time-graph Laplacian operator to recover the signal and infer a vertex-graph in the first algorithm,and the time-graph,as well as the vertex-graph,is estimated by the other algorithm.Experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively infer meaningful time-and vertex-graphs from noisy and incomplete data.     

8848从顶峰走向衰微的历史见证

人不可能两次迈进同一条河流，而8848却似乎可以。近段时间，因为速达的“收购传闻”，8848再一次成为业界关注的焦点。因为如今的8848内部风雨飘摇，外部官司缠身，它有何被收购的价值?公司总裁吕春维为何早早投怀送抱、急于为收购造势?谁是这一出“收购闹剧”的幕后主使?在诸多疑问背后，很少有人能看清事情本质。老8848的创始人王峻涛知道，但他不说，因为此8848已非当年之彼8848。几年前，盛极一时的老8848就是这样被幕后资本强行拉入分拆和兼并的资本游戏，被胜利冲昏头脑的大股东妄图运用资本力量主导企业发展，对他们来说，更重要的是上市圈钱。但因为牵扯的利益太多，诱惑太多，8848的发展最终陷入极度迷茫中，在资本疯狂追逐最大利益的时候，企业却错过了发展的最佳时机，并从此一步步走向衰微。6年来，8848经历了最辉煌的巅峰时期，同样也经历了无数是是非非。即使当时剩下的钱仍可使8848运营数十年，但是，商人们已经对8848的未来失去了耐心与信心，老8848最终难逃遭清算厄运。后来，所谓“王者归来”的新8848更是虚有其表，连核心业务也惹上纠纷，最后股东终于按捺不住……现在经常有人问王峻涛，如果当时不要上市，如果当时不分拆，如果……但王说：假设没有意义，我懂得了一点：创业者要坚持、坚持、再坚持。张朝阳也说：做自己的，不要听华尔街的。或许这就是本文要寻找的答案。     

中国这样进行专利谈判肯定不行——美国移通半径公司亚太区总裁雷鸣硅谷对话《IT时代周刊》

3G谈判受阻的主要原因是在谈判中，电信研究院作为一家研究机构实力太弱，如果能聘请外国在专利谈判上有丰富经验的律师或律师行主谈，加上中国政府的免费授权政策和运营商有关采购3G设备政策的出台，专利谈判可能是另外一个结果。     

Intelligent Passive Detection of Aerial Target in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

Passive detection of moving target is an important part of intelligent surveillance. Satellite has the potential to play a key role in many applications of space-air-ground integrated networks(SAGIN). In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent passive detection method for aerial target based on reservoir computing networks. Specifically, delayed feedback networks are utilized to refine the direct signals from the satellite in the reference channels. In addition, the satellite direct wave interference in the monitoring channels adopts adaptive interference suppression using the minimum mean square error filter. Furthermore, we employ decoupling echo state networks to predict the clutter interference in the monitoring channels and construct the detection statistics accordingly. Finally, a multilayer perceptron is adopted to detect the echo signal after interference suppression. Extensive simulations is conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed method. Results show that the detection probability is almost 100% when the signal-to-interference ratio of echo signal is-36 dB, which demonstrates that our proposed method achieves efficient passive detection for aerial targets in typical SAGIN scenarios.     

CDMA直放站干扰案例分析

2007年11月17日22点35分.我站值班人员接到中国联通梅州分公司的电话投诉.称其在梅州城区的多个CDMA基站收到不明信号的干扰.严重影响CDMA用户的正常使用。接到投诉后.我站迅速组织技术力量查找干扰     

PCI标准及其应用的现状分析

2007年是支付卡产业安全标准委员会(PCISSC:Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council)在世界范围内推行PCI数据安全标准(DSS:Data Security Standard)的第一个年头。我们希望通过本文的讨论,使得支付卡产业链的各个角色在未来更加重视信息安全工作,从而更为有效、全面、标准化地保护持卡人的机密信息。     

史玉柱的网游"非常道"

有人说史玉柱是个超然独处的商业奇才,有人说史玉柱是抓住人性弱点赚钱的无良商人。无论是褒是贬,谁都无法否定史玉柱在中国市场上所造就的那些营销神话。20年前,计算机汉字处理行业正处于红红火火的时候,刚从深圳大学研究生院获得软科学管理系硕士学位的史玉柱,     

农村电子商务的5个问题和建议

目前我国农业管理部门已经重视到电子商务对农村经济发展的重要性,农村信息化建设步伐加快,进一步促进农村电子商务发展.从对中国互联网认识和使用的群体来看,绝大部分都集中于受过高等教育的人口,虽然会有分布于农业行业的部分,但总体所占比率很低.全国各种涉农网站为实现农业增效和农民增收,每天都发布农产品供求信息.无论从交易规模、数量、还是经济效益来看,中国农村电子商务都滞后于其他领域电子商务的发展.……     

中国空间技术研究院召开建院40周年庆祝大会

2月20日,中国空间技术研究院隆重举行建院40周年庆祝大会。中共中央政治局常委、全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国、中共中央政治局委员、中央军委副主席郭伯雄、中华人民共和国中央军委副主席、国务委员兼国防部长曹刚川、国务院副总理曾培炎、中国空间技术研究院首任院长钱学森等致贺。     

白砂糖色值近红外光谱分析的波段选择

采用近红外漫反射光谱技术和偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立白砂糖色值的定量分析模型.用多元散射校正方法对光谱进行预处理,再用Savitzky-Golay平滑化方法对原谱、一阶导数谱和二阶导数谱进行处理.选取5个波段,每个波段分别采用原光谱、一阶导数谱、二阶导数谱.同时调整Savitzky-Golay平滑点数和PLS因子数,通过多次PLS数值实验比较,按照预测效果确定每个模型的最优平滑点数、因子数,再从中选优.结果表明,采用780～1100nm-阶导数谱的定标效果最好,模型的预测均方根偏差、相对预测均方根偏差分别为11.2,8.91%.780～1100nm可以代替近红外全谱波段(780～2500nm)得到好的定量分析效果,为设计小型专用近红外分析仪器提供依据.     

用漫反射光谱校正组织自体荧光光谱的研究

利用漫反射光谱所含信息来消除组织对自体荧光散射和吸收的影响，从而提取出组织的固有荧光光谱。利用蒙特卡罗（MC）方法分析组织的荧光失真因数曲线和漫反射光谱之间的关系，发现两者的曲线形状基本相同，并以胃肠正常和癌变组织的漫反射光谱来校正实验获得的自体荧光（LIAF）光谱。最终得到的固有荧光光谱体出了组织的生化信息变化。     

Hadamard变换离子迁移谱的理论模拟初步研究

通过改变采样点数，理论优化了Hadamard变换离子迁移谱（Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry, HT-IMS）谱图的采样速率；通过增加模拟的白噪声，分析了该方法提高谱图信噪比的效果和对分辨率的影响。初步结果表明，在单次离子门门宽0.4ms内，采集8个及以上数据点可以完整地反演IMS谱图；Hadamard变换方法得到的谱图的信噪比是传统IMS谱图信噪比的15.8倍，是相同时间内多次传统IMS谱图平均后信噪比的4.6倍；变换过程对IMS谱图分辨率无明显影响。Hadamard变换IMS的模拟不仅对采样速率等参数的选择和优化提供理论依据，而且为下一步实验控制和反演奠定软件基础。     

InGaAs量子点的自发发射及光增益

研究了InGaAs量子点材料自发发射、放大自发发射及光增益特性.实验发现InGaAs量子点材料随着注入电流密度的增加,其自发发射及放大自发发射光谱峰蓝移,表现出明显的能带填充现象.由于量子点材料尺寸及形状等存在一定的分布,在光谱中没有明显的对应量子点激发态的谱峰.由单程增益放大自发发射得到了量子点材料在不同注入电流密度下的光增益谱.结果表明存在由于量子点大小分布造成的量子点态非均匀展宽引起的增益峰蓝移和增益谱展宽现象.     

GaP：N液相外延层中杂质对PL谱的影响

借助低温光致发光方法测量了ＧａＰＮ双液相外延材料ＰＬ谱，结果表明：辐射复合效率高的材料ＰＬ谱基本上由孤立Ｎ和ＮＮｉ等束缚激子尖锐峰组成；发光效率较低的ＰＬ谱含有ＤＡ对辐射跃迁的钟形谱上迭加ＮＮｉ峰．分析了谱峰的性质，阐明了提高ＧａＰＮ外延片发光效率的制备工艺途径     

Fine structure of the dielectric-function spectrum in diamond

The spectra of the complete set of optical functions for three different diamond samples were calculated for the range of 0–32 eV. Calculations were based on the features of experimental reflection spectra; the Kramers-Kronig method was used. The features of the optical-function spectra and their distinctions for the three samples were analyzed. The method of the combined Argand diagrams was used to decompose for the first time the dielectric-function spectra into elementary components. The energies of these components and the oscillator strengths were determined. The structure of the components was compared to the structures of theoretical spectra of permittivity and the expected spectra of band-to-band transitions. Good agreement between the results of this study and the theory was obtained.     

温梯法(Yb0.05Y0.95)3Al5O12晶体光谱和荧光特性研究

测量了温梯法生长的Yb:YAG晶体的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,比较了氧化和还原气氛退火对其影响。晶体主吸收峰938 nm和967 nm处的吸收截面分别为0.74×10-20cm2和0.36×10-20cm2。通过光谱分析,没有发现Yb:YAG晶体中Yb2 离子的存在。发现晶体边缘位置处不同的紫外吸收。     

On the cross spectrum between individual-look synthetic apertureradar images of ocean waves

Cross spectra of individual-look synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the ocean surface are used to retrieve ocean wave spectra. A quasilinear transform is derived that relates ocean wave spectra to SAR image cross spectra. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are also carried out for those cases where quasilinear imaging does not apply. It is shown that, as the time separation between the individual-look SAR images increases (within a limit determined by the Doppler bandwidth of the original single-look complex SAR image), the spectral energy density of the imaginary part of the SAR image cross spectra increases, while the spectral energy density of the real part decreases. The integration time has a small effect on the SAR image cross spectra as long as the integration time is large compared to the scene coherence time. In order to retrieve ocean wave spectra from SAR data by using cross-spectral analysis techniques, the authors suggest calculating two SAR image cross spectra: one with a short time separation and one with a large one between the individual-look SAR images. The real part of the SAR image cross spectra calculated from individual-look SAR images with the short time separation is used for retrieving ocean wave spectra, which have a 180° ambiguity in wave propagation direction. The imaginary part of the SAR image cross spectra calculated from individual-look SAR images with the long time separation is used for removing this 180° ambiguity     

基于匹配度的闪烁HRRP谱特征分析

在未发生散射点越距离单元走动(Moving Through Range Cell,MTRC)的角域内,闪烁现象是导致高分辨距离像(High Resolution Range Profile,HRRP)波动的主要原因。该文基于匹配度准则定量分析闪烁时HRRP常用谱特征(幅度谱、功率谱及高阶谱)的变化规律,比较各种谱特征受闪烁影响的强弱及原因,以获得定量的结论指导谱特征的选择。蒙特卡罗实验和暗室实测数据均表明:闪烁对HRRP谱特征的影响与闪烁散射点在目标能量中所占比重、闪烁区间的远近有关;除此之外,闪烁对高阶谱的影响还与高阶谱的阶数有关;常用谱特征中,功率谱受闪烁的影响最弱。     

基于光谱相似性指数的赤潮藻荧光识别技术

东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium stein)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是近几年我国东海频繁引发赤潮的藻种。基于这三种赤潮藻的活体叶绿素荧光激发光谱,通过计算光谱相似性指数对其进行识别。结果表明,活体叶绿素荧光激发光谱在平行测量和不同生长期的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于3%和5%;光谱混合及混合海藻荧光光谱与标准谱之间的光谱相似性指数与混合比例之间存在线性关系。通过计算混合藻的荧光光谱与标准谱之间的相似性指数能够定性地识别引发赤潮的藻种,并半定量地估计赤潮藻种的相对含量。当噪声小于25%时,噪声基本不会对赤潮藻的识别分析产生影响。