竖直矩形窄缝通道滑移汽泡聚合作用可视化实验研究

采用高速摄像仪从宽面和窄面立体可视化观察了滑移汽泡间的聚合特性。研究结果表明，在低热流密度孤立汽泡区域，近壁滑移汽泡间的聚合作用过程较快，聚合重新形成的汽泡仍沿加热面平行滑移；在滑移汽泡间开始相互作用的影响距离约是其平均直径的2倍，滑移汽泡间的聚合作用是一种积极的作用，共同使得滑移汽泡的运动速度增加，有利于该区域附近换热的提高。最后探讨了核化生长汽泡间的作用及其对汽泡浮升的影响。     

矩形窄缝通道近壁汽泡滑移和浮升可视化实验研究

采用高速摄像仪从宽面和窄面拍摄、观察矩形窄缝通道内近壁汽泡滑移、浮升运动,发现在加热面倾斜朝上和竖直向下流动沸腾时汽泡易于浮升。汽泡浮升后,其运动速度迅速增加。由于浮升汽泡处于过冷流体中,其界面上发生冷凝,导致汽泡界面形状变化较大。基于可视化实验结果,从受力角度分析不同流动方式和加热面放置方式对近壁汽泡滑移和浮升的影响。     

矩形窄缝通道内滑移汽泡直径沿轴向分布特性实验研究

采用高速摄像仪对矩形窄缝通道内过冷流动沸腾滑移汽泡直径沿轴向分布特性进行可视化实验研究。实验捕获滑移汽泡沿加热面滑移并聚合的过程图像,并获得沿加热面轴向300、400、500 mm处滑移汽泡直径概率分布图。实验研究表明,窄缝通道中滑移汽泡直径沿轴向分布呈增大趋势;滑移汽泡沿加热面生长、滑移汽泡与未完成生长脱离的小汽泡的聚合,以及滑移汽泡间的聚合是滑移汽泡直径沿加热面轴向增大的重要原因。     

竖直矩形窄缝通道内近壁滑移汽泡运动特征研究

采用高速摄像仪从宽面和窄面立体可视化观察了滑移汽泡的运动特征.研究结果表明:汽泡脱离核化点后都沿加热面平行滑移,在低热流密度下存在典型滑移汽泡现象.滑移汽泡形状总体呈球形,其前后接触角相差不大.汽泡脱离后初始一段时间内,滑移汽泡速度增加的较快,一定时间后,其速度值超过了当地流体速度.随着运动时间的继续增加,滑移汽泡基本...     

竖直矩形窄缝通道内近壁汽泡生长和脱离研究

可视化研究窄缝通道内汽泡生长和脱离对于揭示窄缝通道内的沸腾传热机理具有重要意义。本文采用高速摄影仪从宽面和窄面可视化观察了常压条件下矩形窄缝通道内汽泡核化生长和脱离规律。研究结果表明，汽泡在核化点生长时，汽泡底部与加热面存在一小的接触面，总体而言，汽泡在生长过程中基本呈球状。在相同热工参数下，不同核化点处汽泡生长规律基本相同，但汽泡脱离直径相差较大。窄缝通道内汽泡生长速率小，脱离时间较长，可采用修正的Zuber公式预测窄缝通道内汽泡生长直径。在同一拍摄窗口内，统计分析了热工参数对汽泡平均脱离直径的影响规律。随热流密度的增加，汽泡平均脱离直径减小；随入口欠热度的增加，汽泡平均脱离直径减小；随主流速度的增加，汽泡平均脱离直径减小。     

汽泡滑移现象及质量流速和热流密度对汽泡滑移生长的影响

以去离子水为工质,对较高系统压力下竖直矩形窄流道内的汽泡生长特性进行可视化研究.由于单位体积潜热的提高,系统压力升高将抑制汽泡的生长,使得在相同生长时间内汽泡的尺寸大幅减小;随着系统压力升高,汽泡在核化点处的生长时间会明显地缩短.压力较高时,汽泡生长主要是在滑移过程中进行,滑移过程中,会间歇性地离开又再附上加热壁面;汽...     

窄通道内的汽泡核化以及滑移汽泡的影响

针对不同压力下窄通道内的过冷流动沸腾汽泡核化进行了实验研究,通过高速摄影技术观察了汽泡的核化和滑移过程。实验结果表明,与常规通道有所不同,窄通道内的汽泡一般不会离开加热壁面而产生浮升现象,汽泡主要沿加热壁面进行滑移运动。不同压力条件下的汽泡核化有较大的差别,较低压力条件下汽泡核化点沿加热壁面分布比较均匀,而压力升高后的汽泡核化点主要集中在沸腾起始点附近,下游核化点数目则相对较少。核化点分布形式的不同主要是由不同压力下汽泡滑移特性的不同所导致的。     

流动泡核沸腾中汽泡行为的MPS数值模拟

采用移动粒子半隐式（MPS）方法分别对加热面水平、竖直和45°倾斜放置时流动泡核沸腾中1个汽泡的成长至脱离过程进行了二维数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：汽泡的形状与成长速率的数值模拟结果与实验结果相符合,数值模拟成功地预测了实验中观察到的汽泡脱离前的滑移现象。     

流动沸腾条件下窄通道内的汽泡生长和冷凝

针对过冷沸腾条件下窄通道内的汽泡生长和冷凝进行实验研究。实验中观察到了两类汽泡的生长和冷凝,分别称为第1类汽泡和第2类汽泡。其中第1类汽泡生长速度较快,且在滑移离开核化点之后迅速冷凝消失。而第2类汽泡的生长速度较慢,且滑移很长一段距离后也不会冷凝消失,具有更长的存活时间。两类汽泡的生长可采用不同的关系式进行预测,且生长冷凝特性均表现出很强的随机性,体现出汽泡周围环境的微小变化对汽泡行为的影响。     

不同系统压力下汽泡生长特性及压力影响机理分析

为了探讨系统压力变化对窄流道内汽泡生长的影响,在不同系统压力(0.1～1 MPa)下采用高速摄像仪对2 mm竖直矩形窄流道内的汽泡生长进行可视化研究.研究表明,发现在0.1～0.3 MPa下汽泡的生长主要在核化点处进行,但在较高压力(Ps≥0.6 MPa)时汽泡生长主要是在滑移中进行,汽泡的尺寸也显著减小;由于汽泡行为发生变化,不同系统压力下加热壁面上的换热状况有着很大区别.用拉普拉斯数(La)和时间因子(ξ)分别对汽泡半径和汽泡生长时间进行无量纲化后,无量纲汽泡生长曲线遵循指数曲线变化;指数曲线的系数七随系统压力升高而减小.     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.