渤海湾盆地新生代拉张中心迁移的热-流变机制

在区域拉张应力作用下,岩石圈拉张减薄,减薄的中心地带成为拉张中心,渤海湾盆地新生代期间拉张中心具有自西向东、自南向北的迁移规律.为了探究渤海湾盆地新生代期间拉张中心的迁移与岩石圈热-流变结构的关系,本文在构造-热演化模拟的基础上,对渤海湾盆地各坳陷新生代岩石圈热-流变结构进行了计算.结果表明：渤海湾盆地新生代岩石圈拉张中心的迁移主要受岩石圈流变强度的非均匀性所控制.拉张中心开始位于岩石圈强度最低的济阳坳陷,拉张及伴随的的热冷却过程使得济阳坳陷岩石圈强度增大,并且超过了渤中坳陷岩石圈强度,因此,沙四段时期,拉张中心迁移到了渤中坳陷;沙三段时期,拉张中心迁移到了黄骅以及辽东湾坳陷.这是由于拉张速度较慢时(对于约90 km厚度的岩石圈而言,如果初始地壳厚度>34 km,拉张速度0.5 cm·a^-1),拉张初期会造成岩石圈强度的降低,但随着拉张的持续进行,岩石圈整体强度反而增加.孔店组时期,在岩石圈强度较大的冀中及临清坳陷形成拉张中心可能是叠加了其他地质因素(如前期构造、断裂活动、远程应力等)的影响.东营组时期,在岩石圈强度较大的渤中坳陷形成拉张中心,这可能是该时期...     

济阳坳陷地温场分布特征

在整理和分析了703口钻井测温资料的基础上，编制了济阳坳陷现今地温梯度分布图、4～6km深度的地温分布图和下第三系沙四段顶界面地温分布图. 研究表明：济阳坳陷的现今地温梯度平均为35.5℃/km，其中沾化、东营、车镇和惠民等4个主要凹陷地温梯度平均值分别为36.1℃/km、35.5℃/km、35.4℃/km和34.6℃/km，外围的潍北凹陷为35.0℃/km. 地温和地温梯度分布主要受凸凹相间的构造格局控制，与基底埋深有关，表现为凸起区高、凹陷区低的特征. 另外，济阳坳陷一些地温梯度相对较高的地区与新生代的火山岩分布基本吻合. 盆地基底埋深，即盆内凸起凹陷的分布，受盆地形成过程中岩石圈伸展控制，火山岩的分布也与岩石圈伸展作用有关，所以，济阳坳陷的地温场分布特征是由构造演化决定的. 研究结果还表明，济阳坳陷大部分地区沙四段目前还处在油气液态窗内.     

渤海新生代盆地浅部构造迁移特征及其深部动力学机制探讨

渤海湾盆地的海域部分与渤海湾盆地其他部分一样,新生代为断陷-拗陷盆地.中渐新世以来,渤海湾盆地的沉积沉降中心迁移至渤海海域,并且拗陷期出现普遍的加速沉降现象.综合分析渤海各坳陷新生代构造样式和断裂时空展布特征,表明断裂发育总体受伸展控制,只是在中渐新世后受走滑影响.选取基本垂直渤海构造走向的6条大剖面,进行伸展量估算,并在剖面上选取虚拟井计算沉积沉降速率,结果表明,在断陷阶段,孔店组-沙四段沉积期,各坳陷沉积沉降速率较低且相差不大,发育多个沉积沉降中心;至沙三段沉积期沉积沉降速率达到最快,东营组沉积期沉积沉降速率变慢,但沉积沉降中心已从四周逐步迁移至渤中坳陷;拗陷阶段,以渤中坳陷为中心,出现的强烈沉积沉降,明显高于正常拗陷阶段沉积沉降速率.结合最新的深部探测资料,认为渤海新生代盆地的断裂展布,受中生代末先存的构造格局影响;断陷盆地的形成,则是太平洋板块俯冲的持续后退和印藏碰撞远程效应持续东进共同作用的结果;中渐新世以来的加速沉降现象,则是太平洋俯冲板片前缘向东迁移引起的岩石圈迅速冷却的最直接表现.     

渤海湾盆地新生代构造变形机制: 物理模拟和讨论

渤海湾盆地是中国东北部新生代含油气盆地, 并与欧亚板块东缘一些中-新生代盆地之间存在着显著的几何学与运动学相似性, 但其形成机制至今仍存很大争议. 作者以位于渤海湾盆地中部的黄骅坳陷为原形, 设计了4组不同伸展方向的平面砂箱模型. 实验结果表明, 只有南-北向伸展模型与实际构造之间具有良好的相似性, 同时这一模型表明裂陷盆地中断层走向的复杂变化并不一定就是复杂运动学机制或多期变形的结果. 通过实验结果与实际构造的对比分析, 以及根据黄骅坳陷与渤海湾盆地之间高度的构造相似性特征, 作者提出: 渤海湾盆地是由南-北向伸展作用而形成, 盆地北北东向边界断裂的走滑变形是南-北向伸展作用的结果, 在南-北向伸展过程中起侧向转换作用. 同时根据渤海湾盆地与欧亚板块东缘一些中-新生代盆地之间显著的几何学与运动学相似性, 研究认为: (1) “南-北向伸展模式”可为渤海湾盆地以及欧亚板块东缘一些相邻盆地的形成提供较好的运动学机制解释; (2) 南-北向伸展作用可能是太平洋-库拉板块之间近东-西向扩张洋脊俯冲所形成的“板片窗”的效应. 这一“板片窗”效应同时可以合理解释欧亚板块东缘盆地初始裂陷时代自东向西逐渐变新的趋势以及盆地从裂陷逐渐转化为热沉降状态的现象.     

南海北部琼东南盆地地层结构与地壳伸展特征

琼东南盆地发育于前新生代基底之上,作为南海被动大陆边缘一部分,记录了南海北部裂陷盆地结构及其演化.利用最新钻井、反射地震、重力等资料,分析新生代盖层和前新生代基底地壳结构,建立盆地地层结构模型,然后计算全盆地地壳伸展变化特征.结果表明:新生代地层序列的盆地充填由西向东逐渐减薄,古近纪、新近纪以及第四纪期间(45 Ma~现今)最后沉积中心呈现逐渐向西或西南迁移趋势.下地壳局部表现为地震速度偏高(厚度2~4 km,v_P>7.0 km·s^-1,水平延伸范围约为40~70 km).重震联合模拟显示这里存在密度偏高特征,推测存在可能与张裂晚期和扩张早期岩浆物质底侵或混合到伸展程度较低的大陆地壳有关.计算获得的前新生代基底地壳厚度由在弱展区域陆架区约25 km,在减薄最大区域中央坳陷为3 km.伸展系数(β)最高值大于6.0出现在中央坳陷,低值小于2.0在坳陷南北两侧,说明地壳在盆地中央拉伸比较剧烈.     

白云深水区新生代沉降及岩石圈伸展变形

为认识白云深水区新生代构造沉降和岩石圈伸展变形特征,本文对过研究区的两条测线进行了回剥分析和伸展系数计算,结果表明:白云深水区新生代构造沉降具有幕式特点,由快到慢共分4幕:①65～24.4 Ma;②24.4～18.5 Ma;③18.5～13.8 Ma;④13.8～0 Ma,在裂后存在3期快速沉降(24.4～21Ma,1...     

渭河盆地岩石圈热结构与地热田热源机理

岩石圈热结构是盆地现今地温场研究的重要延伸和扩展,是了解大陆岩石圈构造变形及演化等大陆动力学问题的重要窗口,更是地热田热源机理研究的核心问题.本次工作,在系统分析渭河盆地现今地温场和水动力系统基础上,编制了渭河盆地大地热流分布等值线图;通过实测生热率等热物性参数,利用一维稳态热传导方程计算了研究区岩石圈热结构,并分析了渭河盆地岩石圈热结构特征和地热田热源机理.结果表明,渭河盆地现今大地热流值分布范围为62.5~80.2mW·m-2,平均为70.8±4.8mW·m-2,西部明显高于东部,西安坳陷最高,咸礼凸起次之;渭河断裂并不是控热断裂,其沟通作用引起的水热循环一定程度上影响了浅部热量再分配,对渭河盆地地温场并没有起到明显的控制作用.西安坳陷—咸礼凸起地壳热流介于32.2~37.5mW·m-2之间,平均为34.6mW·m-2;地幔热流分布范围为33.8~38.9mW·m-2,平均为36.0mW·m-2;地壳热流和地幔热流的总体变化趋势一致,西安坳陷高于咸礼凸起,分析认为西安坳陷沉积层厚度大于后者,且沉积层放射性生热率更大,是造成西安坳陷地壳热流高于咸礼凸起的原因,而西安坳陷相比咸礼凸起更高的地幔热流,表明西安坳陷深部活动性强于咸礼凸起.西安坳陷和咸礼凸起地壳/地幔热流比值相近,介于0.93~1.01之间,平均为0.96,"热"岩石圈厚度约为95~101km.渭河盆地岩石圈热结构特征与鄂尔多斯盆地在很大程度上具有相似性,暗示着二者具备相似的深部稳定性,这与渤海湾盆地为代表的中国东部中—新生代主动裂谷盆地岩石圈热结构特征截然不同,表明渭河盆地为被动伸展裂陷.从鄂尔多斯盆地、渭河盆地、山西裂谷到华北盆地,"热"岩石圈厚度的有序变化表明太平洋板块俯冲引起的地幔对流对华北地块深部动力学行为的影响主要发生在太行山以东,而太行山以西的鄂尔多斯盆地和渭河盆地则影响甚微,这种空间差异影响从侧面暗示着华北克拉通破坏过程的有序性.综合分析渭河盆地地质—地球物理资料认为,岩石圈表层伸展破裂、深部重力均衡调整进而引起软流圈被动上涌,其产生的相对高地幔热流的热传导和深大断裂沟通的水体热对流相互叠加作用,共同构成了渭河盆地中—低温地热田的热源机理.     

济阳坳陷新生代构造-热演化历史研究

沉积盆地的热历史是盆地的构造演化研究和油气资源评价及油气成藏的重要参数.本文利用磷灰石裂变径迹和镜质体反射率古温标模拟计算了济阳坳陷70口单井新生代以来的热演化历史,在此基础上分析了济阳坳陷内东营、沾化、惠民和车镇4个凹陷的地温梯度演化特征.研究结果表明,济阳坳陷新生代以来的古地温梯度是逐渐降低的,但在早第三纪时期下降的幅度较大,而在晚第三纪－第四纪则下降的幅度明显较小;济阳坳陷在孔店组沉积时期的地温梯度为540～500℃/km之间,沙河街沉积时期为500～400℃/km,东营组沉积时期为400～385℃/km,晚第三纪时期为385～355℃/km,第四纪以来基本未变.坳陷内4个凹陷的古地温梯度演化存在差异,特别是在早第三纪末期的东营构造运动以后,各凹陷的地温梯度演化差异更加明显.在晚第三纪时期,济阳坳陷各凹陷的地温梯度变化均较小,地温梯度的高低依次为东营凹陷、沾化凹陷、惠民凹陷和车镇凹陷.车镇凹陷的古地温梯度在整个新生代演化历史中均是济阳坳陷最低的.这种地温演化的差异与各凹陷的构造沉降演化史密切相关,同时地温演化差异也导致了各凹陷的烃源岩在生烃门限深度的差异.济阳坳陷的古地温梯度演化特征反映了济阳坳陷由断陷向坳陷的构造演化特征.     

南沙东部海域裂陷结束不整合面时空迁移规律及构造意义

南沙东部海域构造位置特殊,油气资源丰富,其构造过程对认识南海形成演化意义重大.由于地质条件复杂、资料分布不均,其地层系统和主要构造变革面属性认识尚不清楚,尤其具有断坳转换性质的裂陷结束不整合面地质时代和意义存在诸多争议.本文在综合国内外地层划分方案的基础上,运用连井剖面对比、地震相类比方法,对该海域多道地震资料进行系统的构造-地层综合解释,重点厘定了T7、T6和T5三个与裂陷结束相关的不整合面.研究表明,裂陷结束不整合面具有抬升剥蚀、断块掀斜、挠曲变形、拆离滑脱、沉积相突变等特征,且具有东北早西南晚,南侧靠陆早、北侧近洋晚的带状时空迁移规律.结合南海构造演化、地层岩性和沉积环境变化分析裂陷结束不整合面的构造含义,认为该界面是南海岩石圈破裂、洋脊跃迁、挠曲前隆、陆陆碰撞、扩张停止等一系列构造事件在不同构造位置单次或多次叠加的构造-沉积响应.     

华北东部中生代构造体制转折的关键时限

华北东部中生代构造体制发生了以挤压为主到以伸展为主的转变, 形成北北东向的盆岭格局, 岩石圈快速减薄, 岩浆作用活跃, 引发了爆发式成矿. 确定中生代构造体制转折的时限是理解构造转折机制的核心问题之一. 报道了多方面研究的最新成果. 重点对包括华北陆块南北缘、燕山、胶东等典型地区的构造分析确定了由挤压构造到伸展构造的峰期; 东部沉积盆地热史恢复结果判明华北东部中、新生代岩石圈厚度的变化和热体制的变更转换的时代; 盆地分析揭示了中生代-新生代时期华北东部盆地由挤压挠曲型到伸展断陷型的转变期; 通过火山岩喷发、与伸展构造有关的花岗岩类的形成, 克拉通内部和边缘的金矿爆发成矿期, 以及通过火山岩中的下地壳包体研究等限定了岩石圈减薄和壳幔置换的峰期. 以上研究结论一致, 即华北东部构造体制转折的峰期时限起于约150~140 Ma, 结束于约110~100 Ma, 峰值是120 Ma.     

Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin

The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography.     

南海北部洋陆转换带盆地发育动力学机制

南海北部洋陆转换带是近年来基础科学研究和深水油气勘探热点地区.本文在详细研究南海北部洋陆转换带新采集的二维长电缆深反射地震剖面资料的基础上,采用挠曲悬臂梁模型和挠曲回剥模型算法,分别计算了上地壳、地壳和整个岩石圈拉伸系数,实验结果表明,研究区洋陆转换带盆地岩石圈发生了与深度相关的拉伸变形过程,并且随深度增加,拉伸量逐渐变大,该结果解释了南海北部盆地裂后阶段发生的加速沉降现象.同时,本文结合南海北部洋陆转换带盆地发育过程的特点,将洋陆转换带盆地演化划分为陆内裂陷阶段、裂后热沉降阶段和裂后加速沉降阶段.本研究将有助于认识南海北部深水盆地特征,并对大陆边缘动力学研究和陆缘盆地深水区油气勘探有重要意义.     

Sequence framework of two different kinds of margins and their response to tectonic activity during the Middle-Late Triassic,Ordos Basin

Two kinds of margin respectively occur in the Ordos Basin during the Middle-Late Triassic (Yanchang Age), one is foreland margin developed under the background of flexural subsidence by thrusting intensively in the southwest margin, and the other is intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in northern and central parts of the basin. The Middle-Late Triassic Yanchang Formation can be divided into four regional third-order sequences, which are separated by gentle angular unconformity or regional erosion surface, made up of lowstand system tract (LST), expanding system tract (EST) and highstand system tract (HST) from lower to upper within a sequence. But there are distinct differences of the sequence framework between the southwest margin and northern and central parts of the basin. The southwest margin develops heavy conglomerate layer and unconformity as a result of orogeny by thrusting, and the intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in the northern and central parts grows aggradational sandstone, conglomerate in fluvio-delta system and parallel unconformity. The depositional framework of southwest margin reflects the tectonic evolution from flexural subsidence by thrusting to rebounded uplift. The formation of sequence boundary is related to the resilient uplift and erosion. The sequence stratigraphic framework and depositional system tract configuration in the foreland basin are controlled by structural activity of the fold and thrust belt, and the sequence succession reflects episodic thrusting of the Middle-Late Triassic toward the foreland basin. The sequence evolution in northern and central parts reflects the depositional succession of fluvio-delta system under intracratonic background, composed of coarse-grained sediment in braided channel deposit at the lower, meandering channel deposit in the middle and fine-grained sediment in the flood plain at the upper, dominated by lake level fluctuation. During the deposit of the LST in the intracraton basin, accommodation space is limited, and results in abundant fluvial sediment migration laterally, erosion and transport, forming laterally sandstone composite and aggradational deposit on the alluvial plain, which constitutes specific erosion unconformity boundary.

     

Sequence framework of two different kinds of margins and their response to tectonic activity during the Middle-Late Triassic,Ordos Basin

Two kinds of margin respectively occur in the Ordos Basin during the Middle-Late Triassic (Yanchang Age), one is foreland margin developed under the background of flexural subsidence by thrusting intensively in the southwest margin, and the other is intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in northern and central parts of the basin. The Middle-Late Triassic Yanchang Formation can be divided into four regional third-order sequences, which are separated by gentle angular unconformity or regional erosion surface, made up of lowstand system tract (LST), expanding system tract (EST) and highstand system tract (HST) from lower to upper within a sequence. But there are distinct differences of the sequence framework between the southwest margin and northern and central parts of the basin. The southwest margin develops heavy conglomerate layer and unconformity as a result of orogeny by thrusting, and the intracratonic basin margin by stable subsidence in the northern and central parts grows aggradational sandstone, conglomerate in fluvio-delta system and parallel unconformity. The depositional framework of southwest margin reflects the tectonic evolution from flexural subsidence by thrusting to rebounded uplift. The formation of sequence boundary is related to the resilient uplift and erosion. The sequence stratigraphic framework and depositional system tract configuration in the foreland basin are controlled by structural activity of the fold and thrust belt, and the sequence succession reflects episodic thrusting of the Middle-Late Triassic toward the foreland basin. The sequence evolution in northern and central parts reflects the depositional succession of fluvio-delta system under intracratonic background, composed of coarse-grained sediment in braided channel deposit at the lower, meandering channel deposit in the middle and fine-grained sediment in the flood plain at the upper, dominated by lake level fluctuation. During the deposit of the LST in the intracraton basin, accommodation space is limited, and results in abundant fluvial sediment migration laterally, erosion and transport, forming laterally sandstone composite and aggradational deposit on the alluvial plain, which constitutes specific erosion unconformity boundary.     

新生代渤海中部强烈沉降的物理条件和深部过程

新生代时期渤海中部的强烈沉降,是多种物理条件的共同作用结果,这些条件是由裂谷期和后裂谷期的深部过程产生成的.裂谷期在异常热地幔背景下的渤海地壳隆起、减薄、张裂,地幔热物质上升侵入地壳,莫霍界面位置升高,积累了重力势能;后裂谷期岩石圈（层）的冷却、收缩及下地壳的相变导致密度增大,加上巨厚沉积物的持续增生,使地壳处于重力不平衡状态,向下的垂直力远大于向上的浮托力,同时还有东部后退位移性板块边界和下地壳侧向流动的支持,使渤海中部成为下沉速率最快、沉降幅度最大的凹陷盆地.后裂谷期的早期的盆地下沉具有分散、局部性特征,表现为多个凹陷和凸起交替组合格局;晚期转变为大范围的整体沉降,显示重力均衡和补偿过程是从浅往深发展的.先存的郯庐断裂带对沉降的空间范围有局部边界控制性作用,其本身可能受到盆地发展的强烈改造影响.盆地的基本变形机制是上地壳的水平向脆性张破裂和垂直向或近垂直向的正断层-剪切破裂,地震震源机制解和大地震时的地表破裂表现的水平错动反映中、下地壳的走滑-平移型应力状态及相应的瞬间水平剪切破裂,它与上地壳残留的伸展、下沉相容并存于三维地壳体内.     

Tectonic modelling in the Bjørnøya West Basin of the Western Barents Sea1

The Bjøirnøya West Basin lies between latitudes 73° and 74°, longitudes 16°E and 18°E, contains at least 8 km of sediments deposited from the Late Jurassic, and is of considerable interest for hydrocarbon exploration. The Cenozoic extensional tectonics in the basin can be clearly seen from seismic data with normal faulting and from subsidence curves with rapid subsidence. The extension occurred during the Late Palaeocene with active extension lasting about 6 million years (m.y.) followed by thermal cooling. The tectonic subsidence within the study area shows a three-phase development: phase 1, synrift (58–52 Ma (million years before the present day)), is characterized by rapid subsidence; phase 2, postrift (52–5 Ma), by slow subsidence with occasional uplift; and phase 3 (5–0 Ma), by rapid subsidence. An adaptive finite-element model, with consideration of the radiogenic heat production in the lithosphere, has been used to model the subsidence and heat flow. The modelling of subsidence shows the β-factor distribution varying from 1.9 to 3.5 with an average of 2.4 for the uniform lithospheric extension. The heat-flow modelling predicts a rapid increase of heat flow during the Early Palaeocene. The maximum heat flow at about 52 Ma, which could be as much as 3.0 hfu (10^?6 cal/cm²/s), was followed by a decrease in heat flow. A plate-weakening model has been proposed to explain the rapid subsidence for the last 5 m.y. by flexure of the elastic lithosphere which is weakened by a decrease in elastic thickness caused by an increase of the temperature gradient in the lithosphere. The plate-weakening model predicts a heat-flow increase at 5 Ma of up to 2.0 hfu. Our study, using quantitative modelling of the tectonic subsidence, provides a partial (if not a full) understanding of the tectonic development and thermal evolution of the Bjønøya West Basin.     

Effects of finite rifting times on the development of sedimentary basins

Most thermo-mechanical models for the development of sedimentary basins have assumed that the rifting responsible for the formation of the basin occurred instantaneously and have examined the post-rift development of the basin. This assumption greatly simplifies the mathematical treatment, but is not in accord with what is found in nature, where 10-to 50-m.y. rifting events commonly accompany the formation of sedimentary basins and continental margins. The effects of a finite rifting time on the development of sedimentary basins are examined using an analytic technique which allows an arbitrary rifting history in both time and space and which considers the effects of both vertical and horizontal heat transfer. This technique allows the thermal structure of the lithosphere to be calculated throughout the rifting event and thus permits the subsidence history and surface heat flow of the developing basin to be traced.The effect of a finite-duration extension event is that heat is lost during rifting increasing the syn-rift subsidence at the expense of the post-rift. Lateral heat flow, which was not included in previous studies of the effect of finite rifting times, has a significant effect on the subsidence history, distribution of sediments and thermal history. In particular, the post-rift subsidence is decreased by more than 25% for a 20-m.y. rifting event and by more than 10–15% for a rifting event as short as 10 m.y. This will significantly decrease the subsidence rates in the post-rift stage and implies that inferences concerning the structure, development and thermal history of the basin derived from using “β-curves” to interpret backstripped subsidence can be greatly in error.Variations in syn-rift sediment accumulation and lithospheric thermal structure at the end of rifting resulting from different rifting histories can interact with other factors, such as the flexural response of the lithosphere to sediment loading, to affect the final width of the basin, the total amount of sediments that accumulate and the basin stratigraphy.     

Thermal-rheological structure of the lithosphere beneath Jiyang Depression: Its implications for geodynamics

Thermal regime of the lithosphere is the scenario of the lithospheric thermal evolution, and the thermo-mechanical state of lithosphere definitively controls its deformation style and mechanism. Better understanding of the lithospheric deep thermal-rheo- logical structure of sedimentary basin will shed light on the formation and evolution dynamic process of the basin. Surface tectonics is the response of the deep structure, and is controlled by the lithospheric ther-mal-rheological properties.…     

裂谷盆地构造-热演化模拟中几个问题的讨论

裂谷盆地的构造-热演化模拟是在岩石圈尺度计算裂谷盆地形成演化过程中的热历史和沉降史.拉张模型实现了构造和热的完美结合,在描述裂谷盆地沉降和热流演化方面取得了很大的成功.本文使用二维运动学模型,通过有限元方法,在拉格朗日坐标系下进行拉张背景下的构造热演化模拟,探讨了拉张模型中初始地壳、岩石圈厚度、软流圈对流、模型上边界对构造热演化的影响,以及载水和载沉积物两种情况下盆地侧翼抬升的差异.