微焦点X射线摆式分层成像中的不完全投影研究

在现有微焦点X光辐射成像系统的基础上,提出一种新的摆动式分层成像方法,对狭长形状薄层结构样品进行无损检测,建立计算机仿真模型,验证了使用不完全投影的合理性和高效率,讨论了不完全投影中投影区域的选择原则.实际成像结果表明分布在最佳投影区域的120°投影可成功地分离出印制电路板不同层次的图像.     

基于电偶极子辐射模型的三维成像算法

提出了一种基于电偶极子辐射模型的三维成像算法.在研究后向投影算法原理的基础上,利用散射模型分析了近、远场成像的关系,提出先采用电偶极子辐射模型对采样数据进行近场化处理,再将处理后的数据反向投影到成像区域,获得成像图像.利用FDTD数值仿真实现对目标的三维成像,验证了算法的有效性,分析了耦合对成像效果的影响.     

板状物成像方法研究

在工业CT成像应用中,板状物结构件受形状、结构、组分等特征的限制,使得射线能量与有效厚度不匹配,常规的扫描方式易使投影数据缺失,投影数据完备性较差。为此,讨论了一种基于倾斜圆扫描轨迹和代数迭代重建技术的CT成像模式。首先,在倾斜圆轨迹的基础上进行投影几何关系建模,结合空间几何知识完成投影矩阵的刻画;其次,基于迭代重建算法对轨迹的无约束化,研究任意扫描轨迹的迭代重建算法;最后通过板状物成像仿真实验,验证了算法的正确性和可行性。对于板状物结构件,该方法相对于传统的圆轨迹扫描,投影数据更完备,CT重建质量高。     

基于灰度加权的变电压CT重建算法

常规固定电压CT重建,由于过曝光和欠曝光导致的不完全投影信息,成像质量差,为此提出变电压CT重建。通过变电压获得跟工件有效厚度相匹配的有效投影序列,在ART迭代图像的基础上,调整全变差使其最小化,来优化重建。在重建过程中,依据灰度加权,把低电压的重建图像作为初值,应用在相邻高电压有效投影重建中,得到相邻高电压的重建图像,依次类推直至最高电压,工件的全部结构信息重建完毕。实验表明,灰度加权算法不仅实现了变电压图像信息的完整重建,像素值也更加稳定。     

基于分析晶体成像投影偏移研究

投影偏移将严重影响基于分析晶体成像系统的信息提取精度和图像质量。从基于分析晶体成像系统的原理出发，建立了光路模型，分析了产生投影偏移的主要原因，计算机模拟研究了投影偏移对折射角信息提取的影响。结果表明，投影偏移主要由分析晶体本征摇摆曲线宽度和折射角所产生。本征摇摆曲线宽度将导致相邻像素之间的射线随分析晶体的摇摆相互偏移，当样品未被射线完全覆盖时，边界像素的摇摆曲线将出现形变，虚像素将出现计数并形成畸形摇摆曲线。折射角引起的投影偏移将使摇摆曲线形状和高度发生改变，随折射角增大，出现像素错位，其影响折射角信息提取的正确性。本征摇摆曲线宽度和折射角共同产生投影偏移并影响折射角信息的提取。     

基于阵列式吸收发光CT法的辐射场实时测量系统的研究

分析了已有的各种核辐射剂量场测量方法的基础上, 利用闪烁体吸收发光特点并结合计算机实时成像处理技术,提出了对剂量场分布进行实时成像测量的新方法——阵列式吸收发光ＣＴ 法。研制出闪烁光纤阵列构成的探测器及其伺服控制系统, 用高灵敏度的电荷耦合器件（ＣＣＤ）拾取探测器产生的微弱闪烁光信号,并采用定点采集的方法对视频信号进行数据的快速采集。在图像重建方法上, 提出了迭代滤波反投影重建方法和利用非完全投影进行数据修复,对获取的投影数据进行变换和处理,并通过选择滤波函数及其适当的参数, 可获得最佳滤波效果,以重建剂量场的二维场分布,从而建立了剂量场的实时、高精度的成像测量系统。     

多平行束准直器模拟研究

在平行束准直器中引用多通道技术设计了三通道的多平行束（Multi-parallel Beam,MPB）准直器。计算机模拟表明,MPB准直器在保持较高的空间分辨率下,有效地改善了系统的灵敏度。放射药物匀均分布的圆柱数字模具和Jaszczak数字模具（phantom）模拟表明,随重叠比例的增加,未出现重建环状伪影;虽然靠近准直器表面空间分辨率有所下降,但在FOV（Field of View）中心区域空间分辨率近似等同于平行束准直器,重建图像的匀均度有了改善。投影数据的重叠表明,MPB的投影有放大作用。该研究为高成像质量的临床SPECT成像提供一种新的准直器设计方法。     

基于能谱滤波分离的多谱CT成像方法研究

随着科技的发展,适用于结构分析的传统单能X射线CT成像技术,已不能满足现代工业对物质组分区分与鉴定的功能成像需求。这是由于在X射线CT系统中,现有重建算法的单能假设与CT投影的多谱性不一致,导致CT重建质量差,无法进行组分区分。对此,本文鉴于基于光子计数探测器的能谱分离成像思想,提出了基于能谱滤波分离的多谱CT成像方法,该方法首先通过在X射线发射端加滤波片的方式,实现能谱滤波分离,并通过变能量成像,获得近似单能的递变能量投影序列;然后针对滤波后噪声水平较高问题,利用EM-TV重建算法;实现了多谱CT成像,可满足组分区分的需求。最后通过仿真实验表明,对于密度相近的检测对象,论文方法可以满足组分区分的要求。     

三投影CT钢管截面的二值图像重建研究

尺寸检测是保证钢管质量的重要环节,相关在线快速检测技术是目前钢管生产中亟待解决的技术难题。射线CT成像技术作为一种高效图像检测手段,能通过重建钢管截面图像获取钢管的大部分尺寸参数,特别适合对钢管质量进行检测和控制。为减少检测时间,实现钢管尺寸的在线检测和控制,本工作研究采用多源多探测器的CT扫描方式,实现了投影数据的快速获取,并根据钢管截面空间域和像素域的特点,对最大后验概率(MAP)图像重建算法进行了修正,实现了不完全投影数据条件下截面图像的重建。模拟试验的结果表明,修正后的MAP算法可做到最少3组投影下的钢管截面图像重建,得到的尺寸精度基本满足国家标准的要求,这一方法具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

递变电压下投影融合图像重建研究

针对变电压投影数据中的不完全投影数据重建问题,提出基于投影数据线性融合的变电压CT重建算法。该算法根据最佳灰度带提取递变电压投影序列中的有效信息,利用线性融合的方法,把低电压下的投影数据通过线性关系融合到相邻高电压投影数据上,依此类推直至最高电压,获得一幅完整信息的高动态投影数据,并利用TV-ART算法重建。实验表明:线性融合算法不仅实现了变电压图像信息的完整重建,像素值也更加稳定。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.