CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY

The ecology of the River Pelenna (in South Wales) was impoverished by polluted discharges from abandoned coal mines. A series of passive constructed wetlands was created in order to treat these discharges and to improve the ecology of the river. A three-year Environment Agency R&D project investigated the performance, environmental benefits and sustainability of the constructed wetlands. It showed that the treatment systems were removing most of the iron contamination. In the reaches downstream from the minewaters, the dissolved-iron concentration quickly dropped below the target level. Invertebrate abundance, trout and riverine bird populations increased in following years. However, occasional overflows from the systems have significantly affected the ecology of one stretch of river. The research work has provided an insight into the potential for ecological recovery associated with future minewater treatment.     

Bioremediation of acid mine drainage: an introduction to the Wheal Jane wetlands project

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a widespread environmental problem associated with both working and abandoned mining operations. As part of an overall strategy to determine a long-term treatment option for AMD, a pilot passive treatment plant was constructed in 1994 at Wheal Jane Mine in Cornwall, UK. The plant consists of three separate systems; each containing aerobic reed beds, anaerobic cell and rock filters, and represents the largest European experimental facility of its kind. The systems only differ by the type of pre-treatment utilised to increase the pH of the influent minewater (pH<4): lime-dosed (LD), anoxic limestone drain (ALD) and lime free (LF), which receives no form of pre-treatment. The Wheal Jane pilot plant offered a unique facility and a major research project was established to evaluate the pilot plant and study in detail the biological mechanisms and the geochemical and physical processes that control passive treatment systems. The project has led to data, knowledge, models and design criteria for the future design, planning and sustainable management of passive treatment systems. A multidisciplinary team of scientists and managers from the U.K. universities, the Environment Agency and the Mining Industry has been put together to obtain the maximum advantage from the excellent facilities facility at Wheal Jane.     

桃花岛面源污染示范工程的汇处理系统设计

汉阳地区桃花岛示范工程的汇处理系统是为了净化源处理系统所收集的雨水和道路排水。汇处理系统的设计包括人工湿地系统设计和多塘系统设计。人工湿地设为2组,其中,水平潜流人工湿地处理水量为560 m3/d,面积为4 500 m2;复合潜流人工湿地处理水量为700 m3/d,面积为5 200 m2。系统出水水质达到《再生水回用于景观水体的水质标准(CJ/T95—2000)》。     

建筑项目经济后评价指标初探

建筑项目经济后评价是指对建成投产后的项目经济效益的再评价．它作为一种科学的方法制度,已经成为许多国家和国际机构的项目管理工作中不可缺少的环节．从确保前评价和可行性研究的客观公证性、减少和避免决策失误的角度出发,以系统论和反馈控制原理为基础,对建设项目经济后评价及其指标体系的建立进行了探讨,作为提高建设项目决策水平的理论参考．     

人工快渗处理牛湖河水的实践

为改善观澜河水质兴建了牛湖河污染治理工程，采用人工快渗处理工艺。运行实践表明，该工艺投资省、运行费用低、处理效果好，处理出水可回用作景观和绿化用水。     

软基上水工建筑物的变形监测实例分析

由几个水工建筑物的变形实例说明应重视软土地基基础的处理工作:填方工程应依据变形监测数据进行施工;挖方工程除按变形监测数据进行施工外,还应注意临空面的保护;堤防工程中有穿堤建筑物时,最好先行堤防施工,待堤基稳定后再进行穿堤建筑物的施工,以避免基础发生较大的沉降。沉降监测基准点的基础埋深最好与主体结构基础埋深相当;对于长、折大堤的水平位移监测,宜采用测斜管;穿堤建筑物及直接座落在软土地基上的水闸、泵站等水工建筑物的水平位移监测,应重视高填土翼墙向河心的水平位移情况,要求基点稳定,采用假定的独立坐标系进行测试方即可满足监测要求。     

博弈视角下 EPC 项目联合体风险分担研究

为了对 EPC 项目联合体风险进行合理分担,促进 EPC 项目的顺利实施,在文献分析及专家访谈的基础上确立了 EPC项目联合体风险因素指标体系。采用完全信息静态博弈理论对风险因素进行初次分担,针对共担风险构建风险分担修正指标体系,采用 G1 法及 CRITIC 法对 EPC 项目联合体风险分担修正指标进行组合赋权。并以自然风险为例构建改进 Shapely 模型,确定 EPC 项目联合体合理的风险分担比例,进一步验证模型的有效性。     

村镇污水原位生态修复示范工程及减排分析

从沿江地区村镇污水的特点及居民的生活习惯出发,采用原位生态修复技术,设计出一种生态混凝土墙,利用现场地形条件将湖塘改造成生活污水处理点,采用生态调节沟/生态混凝土墙/原位增氧/生物强化/人工浮岛组合工艺处理安徽马鞍山某村镇360 m3/d污水,实现污水的生物处理和水环境原位生态修复。工程运行表明,出水COD、NH3-N、TP等污染物指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准,湖塘内水质维持在《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质,水体透明度达100 cm。对于南方地区村镇污水处理,具有一定的工程示范作用和推广应用价值。     

酒泉卫星发射中心的水污染治理及回用工程

酒泉卫星发射中心的污水处理及生态回用工程,充分结合当地自然环境恶劣、水资源短缺、温度低等实际特点,采用生化处理/人工湿地的组合工艺,污水处理量为9 000 m3/d,回用水量为8 500 m3/d。建设人工湿地面积为15 000 m2,人工湖面积为40 000 m2(60 000 m3)。二级生化出水水质达到了一级B排放标准,回用水质达到了《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》(GB/T 18921—2002)标准。     

Constructing a framework for building relationships and trust in project organizations: two case studies of building projects in China

A framework is constructed that can be used to foster trust and build relationships in construction project organizations in China. The research method was based on in‐depth study of two building projects in China and data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. The results show that as the project progresses, the dominant relationship within each stage deepens. The deepening relationship gives rise to different types of inherent risks such as a partner's self‐interest seeking behaviour and opportunistic actions. To counterbalance these risks, trust fostering tools must be employed such as careful selection and effective management of partners. The framework for fostering trust and building relationship developed in the study suggests that (1) relationship deepens from shallow dependence to deep interdependence as the project progresses; (2) different relationships bring about distinct inherent risks; and (3) different trust‐fostering tools counterbalance specific inherent risks. This framework could aid in reducing adversarial relationships by suggesting ways to foster trustworthy relationships.     

基于建构扎根理论的中国EPC工程质量监管机制研究

基于政府工程质量监管视角,通过实地调研和深度访谈,采用建构扎根理论方法对访谈资料进行实质性编码,探究EPC工程质量监管机制的核心构成要素及运行机理。在此基础上,结合案例项目资料,综合实证扎根主义方法的优点,融合解释主义理念和批判主义思维,阐述目前的工程质量监管机制“是什么”,剖析目前的EPC工程质量监管机制“为什么”不能脱胎于传统的工程质量监管机制,进而构建与中国EPC工程情境相适应的质量监管机制。此外,借鉴案例项目经验和相关文献研究,从政府监管、行业治理和项目内部管理三个层面提出建议和对策。研究结果不仅弥补了现阶段在EPC工程质量监管机制研究方面的不足,为EPC工程质量监管提供借鉴和参考,而且对中国EPC模式的健康发展具有较重要的实践意义。     

基于熵权- TOPSIS 的 EPC 项目联合体协同度评价研究

为有效推进 EPC 项目联合体资源与要素间的整体协同发展,提高 EPC 项目联合体内部协同度。 运用扎根理论从组织协同、信息协同、目标协同、过程协同、资源协同 5 个方面构建 EPC 项目联合体协同度评价指标体系; 采用熵权法确定评价指标权重并从 EPC 项目设计阶段、采购阶段、施工阶段、试车阶段构建 TOPSIS 协同度评价模型; 并以实际案例验证协同度评价模型的有效性,以期为 EPC 项目联合体协同度评价提供参考。     

分阶段施工桥梁的无应力状态控制法分析

随着社会经济发展速度的加快，信息技术水平的提高，桥梁工程项目建设也随之增多。下面笔者就分阶段施工桥梁的无应力状态控制法进行研究和分析。     

过程能力分析技术在污水处理装置评测中的应用

运用过程能力分析技术对新改造的污水处理装置的处理能力进行评测,通过科学详实的数据统计分析,得出较为客观的评价结果,为污水处理类环保项目的项目后评价提供借鉴.     

重庆某填埋场附近开发建设项目岩土环境初探

以拟建工程项目为例 ,主要从岩土环境、固体垃圾场的处理现状和固体垃圾的数量及其组成成份等方面 ,对重庆市城区规划建设中的该项工程进行了现场调查研究 ,分析了岩土环境和垃圾场存在的问题 ,并提出了相应处理建议。调查结果表明 ,项目绝大多数周边天然斜坡和垃圾场的堆填边坡目前是稳定的 ,但随着工程的进程 ,应注意采取一定的有效措施 ,以保证其稳定性     

基于集对分析的乡村公路建设及土地整治项目投资决策风险评价

为预估项目潜在风险的大小级别和发展态势,提高乡村公路建设及土地整治项目投资决策的精度,通过文献检索构建风险指标体系,筛选出 10 个一级指标和 31 个二级指标;由专家打分得出区间权重,采用三元联系数法得出精确的指标权重;基于集对分析法构建同异反风险评价模型,利用五元联系数法对风险态势进行深度分析。并以云南省某县乡村振兴战略工程及土地整治建设项目为例进行实证研究,证明该模型具有较好的准确性与可操作性。     

淹没式固定床/物化/反渗透处理二级出水并回用

北方某大型化工企业以城市污水厂二级出水为原水建设了中水回用工程,采用了淹没式固定床／物化／反渗透深度处理组合工艺,介绍了该工艺的设计特点及参数。运行结果表明,处理系统的出水水质达到了企业对中水回用的水质要求,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

浅埋偏压隧道开挖爆破振动与控制技术

以密兴路改建工程火郎峪隧道工程为背景,进行掘进爆破地表振动监测与控制技术研究。监测与分析结果表明:①沿隧道横断面,偏压浅埋处地表振速最大;沿隧道开挖方向,自成洞区向未开挖区地表振速呈现递减趋势;②将大楔形掏槽改为多级小楔形掏槽,爆破振动效应与破岩效果得到有效改善;③合理布置掏槽位置,可以有效减少掏槽孔爆破对隧道偏压浅埋处的振动影响;④全面监控浅埋偏压隧道掘进爆破振动及其效应,优化爆破参数,既能有效控制爆破振害,又能保证较大循环进尺。     

The moderating effect of human resource management practices on the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and project performance in project-oriented companies

In response to recent calls for research on human resource management (HRM) in project management, this research investigates the links between HRM practices, the project team's knowledge absorptive capacity (ACAP) and project performance in project-oriented companies (POCs). Based on survey data from 198 projects in multinational companies (MNCs) in the Thai automotive industry, this research finds that HRM practices moderate the effects of a project team's knowledge ACAP on project performance, in particular of potential ACAP on long-run project performance. In addition, HRM practices covary with a project team's realized ACAP, the other dimension of ACAP, to affect short-run project performance. This research sheds light on the different roles that HRM practices play in a project, finding that HRM practices not only facilitate knowledge management from the current project to future projects but also strengthen the relationship between a project team's knowledge ACAP and long-term project performance. This research contributes to the understanding of HRM in the literature of project management.     

城市快速干道雨水收集处理系统设计

以1989年-2004年上海浦东地区的降雨资料和雨水径流特点为基础，参考国外高速公路雨水径流污染处理设施的设计，提出了采用弃流-沉淀-人工湿地组合工艺处理城市快速干道收集的雨水，将处理后的出水储存于清水池，用于道路浇洒和绿化灌溉。对沉淀池、人工湿地、清水池的设计方法和设计参数进行了讨论，使其在满足工程条件下，保证雨水的处理效果和可利用的水量。