内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗食管固有肌层来源黏膜下肿瘤

目的 探讨内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗食管固有肌层来源黏膜下肿瘤的短期疗效及并发症的预防和治疗。 方法 回顾性分析2013年9月至2014年8月间于浙江省象山县第一人民医院消化内科和复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行STER治疗的48例食管固有肌层来源的黏膜下肿瘤患者的临床资料。 结果 48例患者中,平滑肌瘤35例,胃肠间质瘤12例,颗粒细胞瘤1例。全组患者均顺利完成手术,整块切除率为100%。切除病灶直径为9.0~60.0（22.9±12.1）mm,手术时间平均41.8（15.0~140.0）min,术中出现黏膜损伤5例（10.4%）,均采用金属夹成功夹闭;2例（4.2%）患者出现气腹,予以穿刺减压后继续手术;3例（6.3%）患者出现颈部少量皮下气肿,未予特殊处理,气肿自行吸收。术后5例（10.4%）患者出现了剧烈胸痛,经镇痛处理后缓解;7例（14.6%）患者出现术后发热,其中5例患者经保守治疗好转;另2例发热患者系隧道内感染,经内镜下金属夹夹闭黏膜裂口治愈。全组患者术后病理切缘均为阴性。术后平均住院时间为2.4（1~13）d,随访6.8（2~12）月,无局部复发和远处转移患者。 结论 STER治疗食管固有肌层来源黏膜下肿瘤短期疗效可靠,主要并发症经对症或保守治疗可获有效控制。     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术在胃固有肌层肿瘤中的应用与评价

目的评价内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗来源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年12月间在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心接受STER术的23例来源于固有肌层的胃SMT患者的临床病理资料。结果男性13例。女性10例,年龄28-73（平均52．4）岁。23例胃SMT中贲门近胃体侧11例,贲门近胃底侧4例,胃体小弯5例,胃窦大弯侧3例。来源于固有肌层浅层14例,深层9例,其中5例与浆膜层粘连,密不可分。23例STER手术均获成功,所有SMT均完整切除。切除病变直径1．5-3．2（平均2．1）cm：肿瘤切除至黏膜切口完整缝合时间30-125（平均54．8）min。术后病理诊断：平滑肌瘤10例,胃肠间质瘤8例,血管球瘤2例,神经鞘膜瘤2例,钙化性纤维性肿瘤1例;切缘均为阴性。发生气胸伴皮下气肿3例次,气腹5例次,左侧膈下积液伴继发感染1例次,均予保守治疗痊愈。术后无迟发性消化道出血、消化道瘘、黏膜下隧道内积血积液和感染病例。随访3-18个月,无一例病变残留或复发。结论STER治疗适宜部位的胃固有肌层SMT安全、有效。能够一次性完整切除病变,提供完整的病理学诊断资料,且可以迅速恢复消化道完整性,避免消化道瘘的发生。     

经黏膜下隧道行食管固有肌层肿瘤内镜切除术患者的护理

对16例食管固有肌层肿瘤患者于全麻下行内镜切除术,术前做好心理护理及充分的准备,术中默契的护理配合,同时术中、术后进行严密的病情观察及健康指导,预防并及时处理并发症的发生.16例患者均成功切除病变,术后出现气胸1例,经闭式胸腔引流5 d后好转;气腹1例,经腹腔穿刺放气及8～9 d的禁食和胃肠减压后好转;纵隔和皮下气肿6例,经保守治疗后吸收;术后发热1例,经抗生素治疗和护理后体温恢复正常.16例患者经严密的术后观察和护理,无一例出现迟发性出血、胸腔感染等并发症.     

内镜黏膜下挖除术治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤116例临床分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下挖除术（ESE）治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤的安全性及疗效。方法以2006年7月至2011年3月期间浙江省台州医院对起源于胃固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤而行ESE治疗的116例患者为研究对象,分析术中、术后并发症及相应治疗情况,术后对上述病例进行胃镜随访。结果成功挖除肿瘤112例（96．6％）,手术时间（51．9±16.3）min。术中出血9例（7．8％）,术中穿孔20例（17．2％）。术后出血3例（2．6％）,需外科干预5例（4．3％）,其中术中4例,术后1例。术后未出现腹腔脓肿。腹膜炎等其他并发症;ESE术后平均住院6．1d;中位随访时间12个月,随访期内未发现肿瘤残留及复发。结论ESE治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤是安全可行的,近期疗效确切。     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗直肠固有肌层肿瘤

目的 评价内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗来源于固有肌层的直肠黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年3月间在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行STER术治疗的8例来源于固有肌层的直肠黏膜下肿瘤的临床病理资料。结果 8例STER手术均获成功,肿瘤均一次性完整切除,肿块距肛缘5～15 cm,切除标本最大直径1.0～3.5（平均1.8）cm,手术耗时40～70（平均51）min。术中黏膜穿孔1例,予以金属夹夹闭修补成功。术后出现下肢皮下气肿1例,对症支持治疗2周后完全消退。术后病理诊断：神经鞘瘤3例,平滑肌瘤2例,胃肠间质瘤1例,增生胶原纤维伴结节变性2例。术后随访6～30月未见病变残留或复发。结论 采用STER技术切除直肠固有肌层来源的SMT是一种安全、可行、有效的治疗方法。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃食管交界部早期癌的价值

目的 评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃食管交界部早期癌(高级别上皮内瘤变和黏膜内癌)的价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年11月至2011年3月复旦大学附属中山医院行ESD治疗的57例胃食管交界部早期癌患者的临床资料,观察患者手术时间、出血量、肿瘤切除情况及围手术期并发症,分析手术前后病理检查结果.结果 57例患者顺利完成了ESD,中位手术时间为55 min(25～95 min),中位出血量为74 ml(20～300 ml).其中39例患者整块切除肿瘤、18例患者分块切除肿瘤.术中并发症发生率为25%(14/57),其中穿孔5例、出血9例.术后并发症发生率为16%(9/57),其中迟发性出血6例、胃食管交界部狭窄3例.术前活组织病理检查提示为高级别上皮内瘤变的39例患者中,有3例术后病理检查确诊为黏膜内癌;术前活组织病理检查提示为黏膜内癌的18例患者中,有4例术后病理检查确诊为腺癌.本组患者随访9～27个月,创面愈合良好,均无肿瘤复发、转移.结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界部早期癌安全、可靠,具有较好的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the value of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for the treatment of early tumors located at the esophagogastric junction.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with early tumors located at the esophagogastric junction who received ESD at the Zhongshan Hospital from November 2006to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss,resection of tumor and perioperative complications were observed.The pre-and postoperative pathological findings were analyzed.Results ESD was successfully completed on the 57 patients.The median operation time was 55 minutes(range,25-95 minutes),and the median volume of blood loss was 74 ml(range,20-300 ml).En-bloc and piecemeal resections were carried out on 39 and 18 patients,respectively.The operative complication rate was 25%(14/57),including 5 patients complicated with perforation and 9 with bleeding.The postoperative complication rate was 16%(9/57),including 6 patients complicated with delayed hemorrhage and 3 with stricture of the esophagogastric junction.Of the 39 patients who were diagnosed as with high-level intraepithelial neoplasia preoperatively.3 were confirmed as with intramucosal carcinoma;of the 18 patients who were diagnosed as with intramucosal carcinoma preoperatively,4 were confirmed ag with adenocarcinoma.All patients were followed up for 9-27 months,no recurrence or metastasis was found.Conclusion ESD is effective and safe for the treatment of early tumors located at the esopha gogastric junction.     

治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤中改良内镜下黏膜结扎剥离术临床分析

目的探讨改良内镜下肿瘤结扎剥离术(ESD—L)运用于胃固有肌层肿瘤切除术临床分析。方法对44例胃固有肌层肿瘤患者均行ESD—L术切除胃部肿瘤,观察并分析术中和术后相关情况,术后均随访观察治疗效果。结果 44例患者病变部位均完整切除,7例出现穿孔,及时行全层切除并金属夹止血,术后无其他并发症出现。44例均获完整随访观察,未见复发及严重并发症发生。结论改良内镜下黏膜结扎剥离术运用于胃固有肌层肿瘤的切除可以达到完整切除病变部位,剥离病灶,减少术中出血和创面,从而降低因直视下全层切除导致的手术风险,改善治疗效果,提高生活质量。     

胸腔镜辅助下隧道内镜切除食管固有肌层肿瘤

近年来．在内镜诊治技术基础上发展起来的内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopie mucosal resection,EMR）和内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection．ESD）逐渐在我同开展．广泛应用于消化道黏膜病变、黏膜下肿瘤（submucosal tumor．SMT）等．患者避免了常规开腹和开胸手术的创伤。但该手术的技术难度大．且内镜所见局限于腔内．故对于消化道壁巨大的或者向腔外生长的SMT,治疗价值有限。     

经黏膜下隧道内镜切除术治疗上消化道固有肌层黏膜下肿瘤的临床疗效

目的 探讨经黏膜下隧道内镜切除术(STER)治疗直径≥3.5cm的上消化道固有肌层黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)的临床疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2011年10月至2014年7月中南大学湘雅二医院收治的14例直径≥3.5 cm的SMTs患者的临床资料,其中13例患者肿瘤位于食管,1例位于贲门。患者均行STER治疗。观察指标：手术时间、肿瘤部位和直径、病理学检查结果、术后并发症发生情况。患者术后定期门诊随访,复查胃镜、EUS、和(或)CT检查。随访时间截至2014年8月。正态分布的计量资料采用均数(范围)表示。 结果 14例患者均成功完成手术,平均手术时间为83 min(60～160 min)。共取出14枚肿瘤;其中13枚位于食管,1枚肿瘤位于贲门。13枚肿瘤整块切除后从隧道内取出,1枚肿瘤因较大(直径为5.3 cm),且紧邻气管,予分为两块切除后取出。14枚肿瘤平均直径为4.1 cm。术后病理学诊断均为平滑肌瘤。3例患者术后发生并发症,其中颈部皮下气肿1例,胸骨后疼痛1例,隧道黏膜撕裂1例,放置金属支架2周后,黏膜愈合良好。患者术后平均住院时间为6.4 d(4.0～8.0 d)。所有患者获得随访,中位随访时间为11.5个月(1.0～24.0个月),无一例复发。 结论 STER治疗直径≥3.5cm的SMTs安全有效。     

内镜下切除技术对食管胃连接部胃肠间质瘤的治疗价值

目的评价以内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）为基础的内镜下切除术在食管胃连接部（EGJ）胃肠间质瘤（GIST）治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法收集复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心所有接受ESD治疗的患者资料．筛选出2007年11月至2011年6月间经病理证实的EGJ处GIST患者20例．总结并分析其临床病理及术后随访资料。结果20例EGJ处GIST均起源于固有肌层,其中男性11例,女性9例,年龄29～67（平均54．1）岁,病灶直径8-20（平均14．8）mm。所有病例均成功完成内镜切除手术．其中15例接受了内镜黏膜下挖除术．4例接受了无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术。1例接受了内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术。手术时间15-90（平均47．8）min,术中出血量5-200ml,病灶的完整切除率为100％。术中穿孔4例,气腹3例,气胸1例,贲门黏膜撕裂1例,均通过内镜下处理及保守治疗恢复。20例患者术后均接受了3-36（平均13-2）个月的随访,无局部复发和远处转移病例。结论在EGJ处GIST的治疗中,以ESD为基础的内镜下切除技术是一种安全和有效的治疗手段。     

Laparoscopic surgery for submucosal tumors located at the esophagogastric junction and the prepylorus

Background  Laparoscopic partial gastric resection is widely accepted as a treatment for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, SMTs of either end of the stomach are generally managed by subtotal gastrectomies or total gastrectomies. This study was conducted to evaluate surgical techniques for management of SMTs located at the ends of the stomach. Methods  Among 63 patients who were diagnosed and underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastric SMTs at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from May 2003 to May 2007, 11 SMTs located at the ends of the stomach were identified. The clinicopathologic results of these 11 SMTs were analyzed. Results  Laparoscopic partial wedge resections or tumor excisions were successfully performed on all patients except for those who had prepyloric tumors. Six men and five women had SMTs at the ends of the stomach. The patients ranged in age from 21–63 years (mean 43.4 ± 13.5 years). Of six esophagogastric junctional tumors that showed low, homogeneous contrast enhancement on computed tomography (CT) scans, five were treated by laparoscopic transgastric enucleation and one by tumor-everting resection. One esophagogastric junctional tumor that leaned toward the fundus and showed a 6-cm-diameter endophytic mass with heterogeneous enhancement on CT scan was resected by laparoscopic wedge resection. The mean operation time was 100 min (range 60–210 min). Three laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomies and one laparoscopic wedge resection were performed on SMTs located near the prepyloric antrum. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Duration of postoperative hospital stay ranged from 4–7 days. Conclusion  Laparoscopic local resection is an effective treatment for SMTs located at the esophagogastric junction and can be used instead of a total or proximal gastrectomy. However, gastrectomies should be considered for SMTs located near the pylorus because of the small volume of the lower third of the stomach.     

内镜下全层切除术治疗结直肠黏膜下肿瘤的价值

目的探讨内镜下全层切除术（EFTR）治疗结直肠黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2012年3月间复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心实施EPTR切除的4例结直肠SMT患者的临床资料。结果4例患者中男性1例,女性3例,年龄33。78岁;肿瘤位于上段直肠2例,升结肠1例．降结肠1例。4例EFTR手术均获成功并完整切除肿瘤．手术时间24-80（平均48．0）min,切除肿瘤最大径为0.8．2．0（平均1．45）cm。术后病理结果提示分别为神经鞘瘤、囊样积气症、子宫内膜异位症和黏膜肌层平滑肌轻度增生。术中及术后均未出现出血和穿孔,有2例患者术后出现腹痛、发热,其中1例出现局限性腹膜炎体征,均经禁食、静脉抗炎补液等保守治疗后好转,未行外科干预。术后随访1-30个月,未发现肿瘤残留或复发。结论EPTR治疗结直肠SMT安全、有效。     

Endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors assisted by endoscopic ultrasonography

Background The resection and histologic examination of the lesions is generally considered the treatment of choice in order to achieve diagnosis in gastointestinal submucosal tumors. Moreover, the degree of malignancy of the tumor depends on certain features that can only be studied on the entire resected piece.Methods We revised the cases of patients who underwent endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors in the period from 1997 through 2002.Results Fifty submucosal lesions were resected in 45 patients (64.4% men). Patient mean age was 55.31 years. Of the lesions, 52% were gastric tumors and 88% were located in the second layer. Mean size was 12.34 mm, and 54% were smaller than 10 mm. Resection with submucosal injection of saline solution and diluted adrenaline was performed on 46% of the lesions, and standard resection using polypectomy snare on 48%. Ligation was used in three cases. Resection was successful in 98% and major complications were observed in 4% (two cases of bleeding, endoscopically resolved).Conclusions The endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors is a safe and efficient technique: It has few associated complications and allows diagnosis in all the cases and cure of the lesion in the great majority of cases.     

胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤腹腔镜手术体会(附5例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2005年3月至2008年3月5例行腹腔镜手术的胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤患者的手术方式设计,术后定期随访。结果:平均手术时间(108±19.5)min,术中平均出血(65±11.7)ml;5例手术均获成功,无病灶遗漏,无贲门狭窄、腹腔感染、脾脏损伤、胃漏等并发症和中转手术;术后随访均未见肿瘤复发。结论:腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤安全、有效。