高炉炉缸冷却水的探讨

根据炉缸的传热特点,推导了炉缸传热体系的计算公式,利用公式计算结果,分析了炉缸冷却水对延长高炉寿命的作用,重点是冷却水量、冷却水温对炉缸传热的影响规律。洒水冷却的炉壳温度比自然冷却的炉壳温度有显著降低,说明冷却水对维护炉缸安全生产具有重要的作用;在炉缸传热体系中,当水速大于2m/s时,增大冷却水量对炉内传出热量的影响是...     

高炉炉缸炉壳开裂补强的计算

结合高炉炉缸结构传热和受热膨胀的力学特征,阐述了炉壳纵向开裂前和补强后的高炉炉缸结构的应力和强度计算方法,给出了根据冷却壁热流量计算内衬厚度、炉缸结构界面温度、内衬和炉壳应力的计算式.     

韶钢4#高炉炉役后期安全生产特点

韶钢4#高炉第一代炉役后期，炉身冷却壁大量损坏，炉缸部分冷却壁水温差超高，炉底、炉基温度达到安全警戒线，炉壳多处开裂变形，依靠外部打水维持生产的情况下，通过采取强化管理、加强高炉操作、炉体修补等措施，保证了高炉按计划安全停炉并创下投产以来的最好生产指标。     

太钢新建4350 m~3高炉长寿炉缸炉底研究

以太钢新建4 350m3高炉为例,论述了为实现高炉炉缸炉底的长寿,从高炉的设计、选材和砌筑等方面采取的一系列措施。炉缸设计采用"传热法",炉底设计采用"隔热法",炉缸炉底整体设计采用了"扬冷避热梯度布砖法"。炉缸选材使用优质高导热系数的碳砖,为了克服冷却壁与碳砖之间捣打料带来较大热阻,砌筑过程中碳砖采用顶砌冷却壁方式,并且严格控制砖衬宽度;炉壳与冷却壁采用分段灌浆。通过建立炉缸炉底传热数学模型,进一步表明了该高炉炉缸炉底优良的性能,投产后1 150℃等温线位于炉缸砖衬热面附近,有利于渣铁壳的形成;同时碳砖内部温度普遍低于750℃,温度梯度较小,碳砖脆化及热应力对砖衬的破坏作用较轻,为日后实现长寿炉缸炉底创造了必要的条件。     

首钢京唐1号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高的护炉措施

对首钢京唐1号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高后的护炉措施进行了总结。1号高炉炉役生产至10年之际,频繁发生局部炉缸炉衬热电偶温度升高的问题(TE31323上升至609℃),严重威胁安全生产。通过采取加钛矿护炉、强化冷却、调整布料制度、控制入炉碱金属、加强原燃料的管理等措施,炉缸侧壁高温点得以控制,保证了高炉安全生产,各项生产指标良好。     

新钢7号高炉护炉实践

1 前言 新钢7号高炉(600 m~3)自1993年10月开炉以来,由于冷却设施质量不过关,原燃料条件差,长期进行发展边缘的高炉操作,炉墙温度很高,炉壳局部发红,经常开裂。1995年9月发现炉缸冷却壁水温差超标,其中炉缸第二段9、10号已达9～11℃,第二段4号也在7～8℃范围内,严重威胁着高炉的正常生产。为了保证一代高炉的正常生产,防止炉     

宝钢1号高炉炉缸的安全及长寿管理

对宝钢1号高炉炉缸侵蚀现状和侵蚀机理进行了分析,提出了减缓炉缸侵蚀的措施：如调整操作制度,稳定炉况,强化冷却,加钛矿护炉等。     

首钢股份3号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高后的护炉措施

首钢股份3号高炉中修开炉后,炉缸侧壁局部温度持续上升,TE31349点热电偶温度最高升至439℃。认为炉缸中心不活跃、炉温维持较低水平、风口损坏漏水对炉缸侧壁和炉底砖衬薄弱部位的侵蚀加剧是炉缸侧壁温度升高的主要原因。通过采取加钛矿护炉、调整高炉操作制度、加大冷却强度、优化炉前操作等措施,炉缸侧壁温度普遍下降,TE31349点热电偶温度得以控制,稳定在120℃左右;2020年6—10月,高炉主要技术经济指标明显改善,特别是燃料比由545.68kg/t下降至513.12kg/t。     

太钢5号高炉炉役后期稳定生产的措施

太钢5号高炉已安全运行12年多,随着炉龄的增加,面临炉缸温度升高、设备故障率高、冷却设备损坏加剧及非计划休风次数增多等诸多问题。通过采取改善炉缸工作状况、合理调整操作制度、防止炉壳开裂、稳定炉体热负荷等措施,炉缸侧壁温度快速下降至100℃左右,各项技术经济指标稳中有升,实现了大型高炉炉役后期的稳定生产。     

韶钢6号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高的治理

韶钢6号高炉大修投产后炉缸温度逐步升高,炉缸碳砖温度最高达800℃,个别冷却壁水温差及热流强度超标.本文对炉缸冷却壁水温差偏高及侧壁温度上升原因进行了分析,通过强化冷却、采取炉缸压浆,适当抑制边缘气流,合理调整风口布局等综合治理措施,炉缸冷却壁水温差及侧壁温度逐步下降并趋于稳定,为治理高炉侧壁温度升高积累经验.     

Laudatio: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dres. h. c. Heinz H?fner

During the course of a year, there are many healthcare workers nationwide who sustain sharps injuries whilst carrying out their duties. Staff who work in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) units are no different from anyone else in this respect. The emotional cost of such an accident cannot be calculated, whereas the financial costs can. This article aims to show how the cost of an injury to a member of staff can be calculated, thus allowing a manager to assess the financial implications of sharps injuries to their department. In the absence of access to an Occupational Health (OH) department, most A & E units have to respond to sharps injuries to healthcare workers in the hospital. This task must be attended to by the medical staff as well as the nursing staff of the A & E unit. Within the following text the appropriate responses and methods to ensure uniformity of response are discussed. The tables and the calculation figures shown are taken directly from the information held in the St James's University Hospital Trust's OH department. All calculations are based on the middle band of the salary scale for each discipline. Accurate costings for each member of staff injured cannot be shown in this article, but the general principle is laid down and can be easily followed for any situation.     

1969 C.P.A. Institute.

Presents the program for the C.P.A. Institute entitled "The Role of Counseling Services on the Contemporary Campus." The Institute was held on June 2-3, 1969. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rats, Man . . .

Comments on the article by Richter entitled "Rats, Man, and the Welfare State" (see record 1960-02810-001). The commenter notes that in his article Richter did not indicate how hereditary and environmental factors were controlled. In comparing the hereditary survival characteristics of wild versus domesticated rats, it would be essential that the environmental influences on the survival characteristics of the wild rats should be ruled out. Another factor to be considered is that the wild state may offer a diet and other environmental influences, which in the life of a single individual would produce organic changes, accounting for some of the differences between wild and domestic rats. It would seem that the most effective way to determine the hereditary differences between wild and domestic rats would be to create a wild group, composed solely of the offspring of wild rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The blood-brain barrier. I. Histology. Physiology. Embryology. Transport

The concept of blood-brain barrier (bbb) arose in the beginning of the 20th century after report that the dyes injected intravenously did not appear in the brain. The idea and definition of bbb has been changed many times since then. We present current opinion concerning bbb, its histology, embryology, ultrastructure and function on the ground of a review of the recent literature.