新经济下的企业经营管理:现状、挑战与思考--第四届企业跨国经营国际研讨会主题发言评述

介绍第四届企业跨国经营国际研讨会的组织、举办过程,全面评述了8位中外学者和企业家在第四届企业跨国经营国际研讨会上主题发言所取得的成果:随着人类跨进新世纪,世界经济全球化趋势将日益加剧;特别在中国加入WTO后,中国经济的国际化进程将进一步加快;把握新经济下的发展机遇,探讨新经济下的企业跨国经营的理论、策略和方法,探索中国企业国际化发展的道路,迎接经济全球化的挑战是摆在我们面前的重要课题.     

中国企业国际化的今天与明天

正中国企业"走出去"实现国际化进展如何?未来企业国际化的趋势如何?企业跨国经营是当今时代的潮流,国际化也成为许多企业战略规划的重要主题。中国企业积极投身国际化,已成为推动中国经济发展不可缺少的重要因素之一。在经济全球化快速发展的今天,任何企业的生存和发展都不可避免地要参与国际竞争。随着21世纪经济全球化趋势的形成,中国企业的国际化更是取得了长足的进展。为了扩大国际市场,直接参与国际竞争,1999年初,中央适时地提出了"走出     

企业国际化中的跨文化管理的思考

随着经济全球化,跨国经营是企业发展过程中的必然结果。有效分析、利用跨文化优势是企业跨国经营的动因与前提。跨国经营给企业提供了巨大的机遇,它是全球经济增长的关键因素。本文结合我国企业国际化发展现状,谈谈企业在国际化发展中的跨文化管理问题。     

论中国企业跨国经营

20世纪90年代以来,随着经济全球化的深入发展和知识经济的兴起,企业的经营也趋向国际化,跨国公司进入了一个新的快速发展期。本文着力研究中国企业在跨国经营时遇到的问题以及通过一些案例分析,为我国企业的跨国经营、决策、管理提出参考方案。     

我国企业跨国经营现状及发展对策研究

经济全球化已经戍为世界经济发展的必然趋势,国际市场和国内市场日益融为一体,任何企业都不可避免地参与到国际竞争中,跨国经营必将是中国企业生存和发展的必然选择。因此对中国跨国经营企业的探索,已成为我国经济研究中一项重要任务。     

网络经济与国际化经营

<正> 随着全球经济一体化发展,网络经济时代已经走近我们的企业,运用Internet进行的电子商务,将成为企业国际化经营的一个重要组成部分。网络经济是新千年的新经济方式,正在引发全球经济的一次革命。我国加入WTO,融入世界经济后,国内市场国际化、国际市场一体化特征将更加明显。当前,我国企业加入网络经济,进行电子商务经营活动已成时尚,势头迅猛。据国际数据公司预计,中国电子商务交易额今年将达4200万美元,到2003年将高达40亿美元。然而,加快企业发展网络经济,尽快融入国际化经营,还存在许多亟待重视的问题,需要企业与社会各方共同努力。     

政府支持对跨国并购作用的国际经验及启示研究

“走出去”是中国企业国际化经营的必经之路;跨国并购是中国企业实施走出去战略一个重要组成部分,各国企业在实行国际化投资与经营的过程中,来自政府层面的政策的支持作用在很大程度上决定了企业海外并购的多少与成败。本文针对中国企业海外并购的实际情况。结合当前国际投资制度变化情况和发达国家企业跨国并购的国际经验,旨在对中国企业跨国并购中政府政策的支持性措施提出有益参考。     

海尔与格兰仕国际化战略的比较

在经济全球化的背景下,企业的国际化经营是当今国际经济联系日益紧密和企业自身发展的必然趋势.我国越来越多的制造业企业纷纷走上国际化经营之路,其中海尔和格兰仕是最具特色的两家企业.海尔以创造世界名牌为目标,坚持在国际化的过程中打自己的品牌:格兰仕以贴牌出口为主,发展成为名副其实的"世界微波炉制造中心".两者采取的是截然不同的国际化战略.都获得了成功.     

知识视角下的中国企业国际化阶段性特征研究

实施国际化战略是中国企业在新的全球市场格局下生存和发展的必由之路,企业国际化与跨国经营的相关知识之间存在重要关系,本文从企业的知识观出发,在研究企业的国际化过程的基础上,提出三种跨国经营的知识类型和国际化三个渐进发展阶段,并揭示了知识的阶段性特征,为中国企业在国际化的不同阶段安排不同的知识管理重点提供思路。     

国有商业银行跨国经营的战略框架及配套措施

我国国有商业银行在国内市场拥有较大的经营优势 ,但面对经济金融全球化、加入WTO后国内日益激烈的金融竞争以及国际银行业的发展趋势 ,“走出去”必须成为它们的战略选择。同时 ,中国日益开放的经济和国有商业银行自身不断增强的竞争力为国有商业银行推进跨国经营战略创造了条件。因此 ,国有商业银行应积极、稳妥地加快跨国经营战略部署 ,推进国际化进程。按照国际经验 ,根据目前国有商业银行服务对象还主要是本国居民 ,正着力于扩充海外分支机构的特点 ,国有商业银行的跨国经营还处于银行跨国经营第二阶段的初始期 ,其跨国经营战略的框…     

Comments on globalization, interdisciplinary research, myopia and parochialism, government, convergence, and culture

Globalization presents social scientists with a wide variety of issues and challenges that cut across disciplinary boundaries. Disciplinary boundaries encourage specialization and advances in understanding aspects of social behavior, but specialization also creates barriers to more comprehensive understanding of social behavior such as globalization. Successful interdisciplinary efforts entail gains from trade across disciplinary specializations. The papers in this volume help outline an agenda for interdisciplinary investigation of globalization to knock down disciplinary boundaries and encourage gains from trade that further our understanding of globalization. But much work remains before we see real fruits from such efforts.     

Complexity,simplicity, simplexity

“In the midst of order, there is chaos; but in the midst of chaos, there is order”, John Gribbin wrote in his book Deep Simplicity (p. 76). In this dialectical spirit, we discuss the generative tension between complexity and simplicity in the theory and practice of management and organization. Complexity theory suggests that the relationship between complex environments and complex organizations advanced by the well-known Ashby’s law, may be reconsidered: only simple organization provides enough space for individual agency to match environmental turbulence in the form of complex organizational responses. We suggest that complex organizing may be paradoxically facilitated by a simple infrastructure, and that the theory of organizations may be viewed as resulting from the dialectical interplay between simplicity and complexity.     

GMM,GEL, Serial Correlation,and Asymptotic Bias

For stationary time series models with serial correlation, we consider generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators that use heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) positive definite weight matrices and generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimators based on smoothed moment conditions. Following the analysis of Newey and Smith (2004) for independent observations, we derive second order asymptotic biases of these estimators. The inspection of bias expressions reveals that the use of smoothed GEL, in contrast to GMM, removes the bias component associated with the correlation between the moment function and its derivative, while the bias component associated with third moments depends on the employed kernel function. We also analyze the case of no serial correlation, and find that the seemingly unnecessary smoothing and HAC estimation can reduce the bias for some of the estimators.     

Trust, confidence, procedural fairness, outcome fairness, moral conviction, and the acceptance of GM field experiments

In 2005, Swiss citizens endorsed a moratorium on gene technology, resulting in the prohibition of the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops and the growth of genetically modified animals until 2013. However, scientific research was not affected by this moratorium, and in 2008, GMO field experiments were conducted that allowed us to examine the factors that influence their acceptance by the public. In this study, trust and confidence items were analyzed using principal component analysis. The analysis revealed the following three factors: "economy/health and environment" (value similarity based trust), "trust and honesty of industry and scientists" (value similarity based trust), and "competence" (confidence). The results of a regression analysis showed that all the three factors significantly influenced the acceptance of GM field experiments. Furthermore, risk communication scholars have suggested that fairness also plays an important role in the acceptance of environmental hazards. We, therefore, included measures for outcome fairness and procedural fairness in our model. However, the impact of fairness may be moderated by moral conviction. That is, fairness may be significant for people for whom GMO is not an important issue, but not for people for whom GMO is an important issue. The regression analysis showed that, in addition to the trust and confidence factors, moral conviction, outcome fairness, and procedural fairness were significant predictors. The results suggest that the influence of procedural fairness is even stronger for persons having high moral convictions compared with persons having low moral convictions.     

Bacon, Boole, the EPA, and Scientific Standards

The scientific standards of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include the use of retrospective meta-analysis. This analysis entails a use of the theory of probability that is only a simulation and cannot accurately measure the confidence that should be placed in the results. The uncertainty necessary for probability is, in a retrospective study, simulated rather than real. There are three logical forms for establishing a proposition. In the logic of the syllogism, a proposition is established by deduction from assumed propositions. In the logic of the physical sciences, a proposition is established by its ability to predict the outcomes of future experiments. In the logic of the courtroom, a proposition is established by its ability to explain past events. The logic of the courtroom operates under the handicap of working with nonrepeatable events. It is more subject to the preferences of the judge than the logic of the physical sciences or that of the syllogism. Because the logic of the courtroom is less reliable than either the logic of the physical sciences or that of the syllogism, it is the logic of last resort, i.e., it is used only when the other two are not applicable. Under the EPA scientific standards, the logic of the courtroom is accepted for establishing propositions about the physical world. As the logic of the courtroom is less reliable than that of the physical sciences, this practice increases the likelihood of errors.     

Technology,Geography, and Trade

We develop a Ricardian trade model that incorporates realistic geographic features into general equilibrium. It delivers simple structural equations for bilateral trade with parameters relating to absolute advantage, to comparative advantage (promoting trade), and to geographic barriers (resisting it). We estimate the parameters with data on bilateral trade in manufactures, prices, and geography from 19 OECD countries in 1990. We use the model to explore various issues such as the gains from trade, the role of trade in spreading the benefits of new technology, and the effects of tariff reduction.     

Trust,Emotion, Sex,Politics, and Science: Surveying the Risk-Assessment Battlefield

Risk management has become increasingly politicized and contentious. Polarized views, controversy, and conflict have become pervasive. Research has begun to provide a new perspective on this problem by demonstrating the complexity of the concept risk and the inadequacies of the traditional view of risk assessment as a purely scientific enterprise. This paper argues that danger is real, but risk is socially constructed. Risk assessment is inherently subjective and represents a blending of science and judgment with important psychological, social, cultural, and political factors. In addition, our social and democratic institutions, remarkable as they are in many respects, breed distrust in the risk arena. Whoever controls the definition of risk controls the rational solution to the problem at hand. If risk is defined one way, then one option will rise to the top as the most cost-effective or the safest or the best. If it is defined another way, perhaps incorporating qualitative characteristics and other contextual factors, one will likely get a different ordering of action solutions. Defining risk is thus an exercise in power. Scientific literacy and public education are important, but they are not central to risk controversies. The public is not irrational. Their judgments about risk are influenced by emotion and affect in a way that is both simple and sophisticated. The same holds true for scientists. Public views are also influenced by worldviews, ideologies, and values; so are scientists' views, particularly when they are working at the limits of their expertise. The limitations of risk science, the importance and difficulty of maintaining trust, and the complex, sociopolitical nature of risk point to the need for a new approach—one that focuses upon introducing more public participation into both risk assessment and risk decision making in order to make the decision process more democratic, improve the relevance and quality of technical analysis, and increase the legitimacy and public acceptance of the resulting decisions.