绿色优质牛肉系列产品的开发价值与创新

肉牛是草食动物的重要组成部分，在发达国家肉牛业占有重要地位，牛肉产量在肉食中的比重极高。2003年全世界牛肉产量5788．3万吨，占肉类总产量的23．62％；在美国牛肉占各种肉总产的21．5％，而在中国只占9．2％。发达国家人均占有牛肉22．73千克，美国占有42．74千克，法国27．4千克，澳大利亚25．8千克，我国只占有4．09千克。产量高质量优的产品在出口上和在本国市场上具有高价位优势。如澳大利亚年出口123．6万吨，占其总产量的60．8％，美国出口107．2万吨，     

养禽业必须为“跨世纪的牧业进位工程”再立新功

改革开放以来，甘肃省养禽业取得了长足发展。家禽饲养量由１９７８年的８２０万只发展到１９９７年的８１００万只，增长９．９倍；禽蛋产量由２万吨增加到１６．４万吨，增长８．２倍；禽肉产量由０．２万吨增加到３．９６万吨，增长１９．８倍。禽业产值达到１０亿元，...     

禽类对环境的污染及其防制对策

1禽类对环境的污染 我国是养鸡大国，1996年全国鸡的饲养量为28．02亿只，禽蛋产量1953．97万吨，连续10年居世界第1位。人均鸡蛋占有量11．36千克，远超过世界平均水平（7．48千克），人均禽肉占有量（主要是鸡肉）9．45千克，接近世界平均水平（10．10千克）。     

全省养禽情况及形势分析

1997年底，全省家禽存栏3．65亿只，比上年下降10．1％，家禽出栏3．66亿只，比上年增长4．8％，禽蛋产量201．4万吨，比上年增长30．3o，禽肉产量49．3万吨，比上年增长28．5％。人均禽蛋占有量20．7公斤，比上年增长3O．2％，人均禽肉占有量5．l公斤，比上年增长29％。就当前情况来看，养禽形势比较严峻，春节过后，市场继续下滑。据统计今年一季度末，家食存栏2．94亿只，与去年同期相比减少1327．65万只，下降4．6％；家禽出栏1．12亿只，与去年同期相比增加1385．35万只，增长14．15％；禽肉产量15．25万吨，与去年同期相比增加2．04…     

我国冻鸡爪和冻鸡翼进口现状与趋势分析

一 我国依然是鸡肉产品进口大国 1 我国鸡肉生产总量位居世界第二 2009年,中国家禽出栏106亿只,禽肉产量1594．9万吨,均比2008年增加了约4％。其中,肉鸡出栏约78亿只,鸡肉产量1105．4万吨,占同年禽肉产量的69．3％。美国依然是鸡肉生产的第一大国,2009年肉鸡出栏91亿只,鸡肉产量达1667．7万吨。     

养羊专家风云际会指点迷津：我国山羊业何去何从？

近年来，我国羊产业发展迅速，2004年我国羊存栏36639．1万只、出栏28343万只，分别比2003年增长7．6％、9．2％；羊肉产量399．28万吨、羊毛产量41．16万吨、羊绒产量1．45万吨．分别比2003年增长11．8％、9％、7．3％；出口活羊15．38万只、出口羊肉2．4万吨、出口羊毛50012．22吨，分别比2003年增长20．17倍、99．26％、50．01％；出口羊绒4135．52吨，比2003年下降10．78％：羊产品出口创汇4686万美元，比2003年增长1．25倍。同时，我国绵、山羊品种资源丰富，产品种类繁多．有些产品还是出口创汇重要物资．对畜牧业乃至国民经济发展意义重大。     

今年我国禽肉发展有潜力

我国家禽资源十分丰富，2001年出栏量达80.8亿只，禽肉产量1228万吨，分别比1990年增加56亿只和906吨，上升2.26倍和2.81倍，其中鸡肉占70％，鸭肉15.5％，鹅肉占14.4％。国际禽肉市场主要以鸡肉贸易为主。由于近年来我国和世界禽肉产量不断增长，预计2003年我国国内鸡肉市场将与国际市场一样继续呈现产量增加、交易活跃、价格较低的格局。     

好风凭借力 扶我上青天——河北省奶业未来发展前景探析

中国奶业在“十五”期间发展速度惊人。据资料统计表明，2005年。全国奶类总产量达2864．8万吨，人均奶类占有量为21．7千克．奶牛存栏1216．1万头，分别比2000年增长2．1倍、2倍和1．5倍。全国乳制品产量1310.4万吨．比2000年增长5倍．规模以上乳品企业年销售额862．57亿元，利润总额49．15亿元，分别比2000年增长3．46情和4．86倍；全国城镇居民和农村居民年人均乳制品消费量分别为24．8千克和2千克．比2000年分别增长了71.1％和88．7％．     

养禽业面临的困境与思考

改革开放以来,我国家禽业取得了长足的进展。从１９８６年到１９９７年,家禽出栏量由１５．７９亿只增长到７８．８亿只,年递增１４．３％;禽蛋产量由５５５．０万吨增长到２１６６．８万吨,年递增１２％;禽肉产量由１８７．９万吨增长到１１２２．６５万吨,年递增...     

世界畜产品贸易格局及新特点

世界畜产品贸易状况 2006年世界肉类产量达到2，725亿吨。2005年肉类产量是2，68亿吨．出口2050万吨．进口2040万吨．出口总量占产量的7，63％。禽肉产量8190万吨．牛肉产量6430万吨．出口量均占产量的1／10。猪肉产量10370万吨．出口量470万吨．仅占产量的4.5％。猪肉贸易量比例达不到禽肉和牛肉的一半．除了发达国家牛肉、鸡肉消费比重大的因素外．还有占世界猪肉产量将近一半的中国．猪肉出口量仅占产量比例的0.98％．也是一个重要因素。世界肉类出口量，     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.