考虑碳排放的冷链物流轴幅式网络多目标优化

针对传统冷链网络优化模型忽视碳排放量的不足,基于绿色物流、共享经济的相关理念,在轴幅式理论下对多个区域的冷链配送进行资源整合后进行共同配送,提高冷链配送车辆的满载率。同时,构建考虑碳排放成本在内的总成本最小和最大化客户满意度的多目标优化模型,达到降低总成本和满足客户最大满意度的目的,实现经济效益和环境效益共赢的状态。以客户满意度来表示物流网络系统的可靠性和服务质量,并结合易腐品的新鲜度对时间的敏感性,引入货损成本。最后,设计粒子群算法对其进行求解。通过算例对比验证了模型与算法的有效性,有效解决冷链物流网络的网点布局和运输配送问题。     

关于物流多目标选址规划仿真研究

设施选址问题作为物流网络规划的基础,针对现实环境下物流设施选址的相关影响因素,并对选址点与客户需求市场之间的运输时间进行把握.综合考虑设施选址成本的最小化,和物流服务覆盖范围的最大化涉及到多个NP难问题的综合多目标规划,是物流设施选址的难点.为解决上述问题,在分析物流设施选址问题与区域已存设施点、上下游设施点、人员密集区域、待选址区域地理环境和交通环境等的关系基础上,将覆盖问题中距离要素构建为更为符合现实的时间要素,应用道路阻抗函数构建设施点与需求点之间的时间距离;综合构建基于最小化物流设施选址成本的物流设施选址多目标规划模型;设计算法对选址空间进行预处理,松弛子问题目标函数,将多目标求解空间转化为单目标求解空间.仿真结果表明,以时间替代空间距离的处理更为符合物流活动实际,考虑多个具体因素的物流多目标选址规划更为接近现实,选址结果在最小化选址成本基础上能在限定时间内响应客户需求,对实践有较好的指导性.     

考虑时效性和品质性满意度约束的易腐品冷链物流配送

针对易腐品冷链配送环节存在的成本高、碳排放量大、客户满意度低等问题,从易腐品配送的时效性和品质性两方面度量客户满意度,并以此为约束考虑配送过程中的固定成本、运输成本、货损成本、制冷成本、惩罚成本以及碳排放成本,构建以总成本最小为目标的易腐品冷链配送车辆路径优化模型,设计改进遗传算法求解优化模型,分析求解算法的复杂度.数值实验结果表明,所设计的求解算法总能获得总成本更低、产品新鲜度更高以及碳排放量更少的配送方案,同时表明改进的遗传算法相比于传统遗传算法在成本节约以及客户满意度提高方面具有一定优势,在一定程度上验证了所建模型的合理性及求解算法的有效性.     

考虑服务时效的物流服务供应链应急任务分配

针对应急情况下两级物流服务供应链任务分配问题,提出了考虑服务时效性的客户满意度模型方法。首先,考虑应急情况中订单任务量的随机性的情况,建立基于服务时效性的客户满意度模型;其次,构建最小化物流成本模型以保证物流服务供应链成本最优化;然后,引入线性加权法将包含最大化客户满意度与最小化服务成本双层规划多目标模型转化为单目标模型;最后,采用遗传算法（GA）求解模型,并针对权重作了灵敏度分析。算例研究表明,与上下层单目标分配结果的目标值0.0501和0.0825相比,综合函数模型得到了显著优化的目标值0.2716,说明所构建模型的任务分配方案能够更有效解决具有服务时效性客户满意度的物流服务供应链任务分配问题;由分析权重灵敏度可以看出,权重0.1< a< 0.5时的综合目标优化解相较于0.5< a< 0.9斜率变化程度显著,说明在应急任务分配时应根据服务能力参数理性选择两者的权重分配,这反映出了客户满意与物流成本悖反效应的存在。研究结果表明,考虑服务时效的任务分配模型能够有效解决应急情况下物流服务供应链任务分配问题。     

基于模糊时间窗的多目标冷链配送优化

随着生鲜冷链行业竞争逐渐白热化,成本高、时效性强、新鲜度难以保持等问题已成为制约冷链物流配送的瓶颈。为提高生鲜配送效率,考虑客户满意度,以货损成本、惩罚成本等综合配送成本最低为目标函数,构建了一个多目标配送路径优化模型。设计带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法（Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm,NSGA-II）求解该问题,利用Solomon标准数据集进行仿真模拟实验。实验结果对比分析表明,考虑满意度时冷链物流配送所需车辆更少,总路径长度更短,设计的算法可以在较短的时间内获取到帕累托最优解集,能够有效地解决模糊时间窗下的配送路径优化问题。     

物流配送中心多目标优化选址的仿真设计

物流配送中心的选址对物流服务能力具有决定性影响,在进行物流配送中心选址时必须综合考虑物流成本和物流服务能力,并以物流成本最小化和物流服务能力最大化为目标,构建了一个多目标优化选址模型。根据模型特点,采用博弈理论的纳什均衡博弈方法对模型进行求解,将模型中的两个目标函数看成博弈方,所有可行的选址方案作为博弈策略集,建立博弈分析的技术路线和计算步骤。最后通过实例仿真,得到满意的设施选址方案。结果证明,选址模型的正确性和有效性,同时表明纳什均衡博弈方法有效地解决选址的多目标优化问题,具有一定的应用前景。     

改进多目标鮣鱼优化算法求解多容量养老院选址分配问题

为应对未来老龄化时代的到来,完善养老服务体系,针对养老院的选址分配问题,在考虑用户满意度和覆盖率的情况下,构建多目标优化模型。首先,考虑老人对养老院的满意度、养老院相对于社区位置满意度以及养老院相对于大型医院位置满意度,构建了最大化平均满意度和覆盖率以及最小化建设成本的多目标选址分配模型。其次,针对模型的特点,融入两阶段思想,设计了一种改进鮣鱼优化算法对模型进行求解。实验结果表明,该算法能够快速且有效地获得一簇Pareto解,可权衡实际需求和对不同目标的偏好,考虑满意度或成本,在Pareto解中可选择恰当的养老院选址分配方案。最后,通过与其他三种算法的对比分析,验证了模型的可行性和算法的优越性。     

考虑客户聚类与产品回收的两级闭环物流网络选址-路径优化

针对目前不合理的废旧产品回收以及物流活动产生的碳排放污染，提出了一种考虑客户聚类与产品回收的两级闭环物流网络选址-路径优化模型。首先，结合实际物流网络的动态性假设客户需求量和回收率的不确定性特征，以最小运营成本和最小环境影响为目标建立选址-路径优化模型；其次，对多目标进化算法进行改进，提出了考虑客户聚类结果的两级物流设施选址-路径问题求解算法；最后，对该优化算法进行算法性能分析，并以重庆市某企业为例进行了模型和算法验证。结果表明，所建立的模型和算法能有效降低决策难度并提高物流系统的运作效率，所求出的优化方案能减少物流运作成本和降低物流运输过程对环境的影响。     

城市应急物流设施选址的多目标规划模型

通过分析城市应急物流设施选址的基本特征,提出利用模糊折中型多属性决策方法进行应急物流设施选址备选方案的决策偏好生成。在此基础上,建立综合考虑满意度和建设成本的多目标选址规划模型,在给出满意度函数的确定方法后,提出利用模拟退火算法进行模型的求解,并利用实例验证了算法的有效性,能够供决策者选择合适的物流选址方案提供理论支撑。     

低碳约束下冷链物流配送共享仓选址多目标优化方法

针对当前冷链物流配送中心选址模型存在选址不合理、选址过程复杂,导致资源浪费和经济成本增加的问题,提出在低碳约束下,构建一个基于低碳约束冷链物流配送共享仓中心选址和路径优化模型,在粒子群算法的基础上,分别加入免疫算法和粒子群算法,得到改进免疫粒子群算法和混合粒子群算法,通过这两种算法分别实现共享仓中心选址求解快速寻优和多目标优化,以提升模型的路径优化能力和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,提出的方法改进免疫粒子群算法可在不同约束条件下实现冷链物流配送共享仓快速选址,且选择位置寻优求解速度提升;同时通过混合粒子群算法可实现物流路径优化,规避路径缺陷,从而提升路径优化能力,实现多目标优化路径的准确选址。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.