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伴随着海岸工程设计、施工水平的不断进步和人们对海洋工程景观美学要求的日益提高,圆弧型海岸工程方案已经越来越广泛的应用于实践中。按照现行《海籍调查规范》要求,以直线形式连接两界址点是宗海图绘制的标准方法,然而"截弯取直"来描述这些圆弧型构筑物边界,面积势必会存在一定偏差,如何选取此类构筑物宗海界址点,成为能否更准确、实用的界定项目用海的关键。可是目前能够用来计算圆弧型构筑物界址点数量的模型却很少。针对此问题,本文从绘图技术要求、工程测量、竣工验收等多方面筛选和确定界定参数,在此基础上,应用解析几何法建立一套圆弧型构筑物宗海界址点数的计算模型和方法,并以大连南部沿岸海洋开发活动为例验证该模型的适用性。 相似文献
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基于Google Earth的海域使用管理信息系统应用Ⅰ.浏览显示篇 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
建立海域使用管理信息系统的目的是对每一宗海的海域使用类型等信息进行确权登记,为各级海洋行政管理部门提供准确的基础信息资料.对充分利用互联网提供的资源和先进技术,即将Googh Earth免费提供的高分辨率的卫星影像有效地用到海域使用管理信息系统中做了探讨.Google Earth提供的卫星图像匹配了视图的方位、经纬度、视图高度,并可以放入点位标记、影像贴图及多边型三维数据,而且基于其遥感地图的宗海图及海籍信息能更加生动形象的描绘海域使用情况从而提升我国海洋管理和海洋资源开发利用的整体水平. 相似文献
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目的 解决当前的粒子滤波算法用于水下航行器(AUV)基于极地区域的低分辨率海图时导航精度较低的问题。方法 提出了一种带有自抖动及修正的粒子滤波方法(SJCPF),在状态转移过程中引入粒子抖动,每次粒子位置更新时,引入额外的过程噪声,使得传统算法中过度集中的粒子适当向周围发散,改善算法本身及海图分辨率低带来的粒子多样性匮乏。在重采样步骤中,引入相关系数用于修正权值,进一步增加粒子多样性及算法的鲁棒性。结果 对传统PF及SJCPF进行仿真,相较于传统PF算法,SJCPF的导航均方根误差降低了27.7%,导航精度及鲁棒性都有显著的提升。结论 SJCPF的导航性能优于传统PF,选用皮尔逊相关系数,并在适当范围内选择较大的粒子数量和较高的测量频率,可以兼顾AUV的续航与导航精度。 相似文献
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正新《环保法》去年实施以来,环保与司法部门联合打击环境违法行为更加给力。从广东省环境保护厅向社会公布的《广东省2015年环境保护大检查工作情况》得知。新环保法实施一年,全省共实施按日连续处罚案件39宗,移送涉嫌环境污染犯罪案件312宗,较 相似文献
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东沙是江苏岸外沙洲中面积最大、高程最高的一个沙滩,但尚未开发利用。本文据实地调查、海图卫片、文献资料,分析了东沙的土地资源、生物资源和能源的开发潜力,并就如何因地制宜、合理利用,提出了建议。 相似文献
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正"全省地级水源地环境问题整治任务完成过半。"根据生态环境部、水利部的部署,广东强力推进全省集中式饮用水水源地专项行动,截至2018年8月底,全省1052宗环境问题自查清单中已完成471宗问题的整治,其中2018年年底前应完成的742宗地级水源地环境问题已完成384宗(占比51.8%),2019年年底前应完成的310宗县级水源地环境问题已完成87宗(占比28.1%)。其中,汕尾、汕头和揭阳市完成率已超70%。 相似文献
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新开河流域湿地景观格局动态变化过程研究 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
论文利用遥感和GIS技术手段,运用土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局指数的模型,对新开河流域湿地近33年(1969-2001年)景观格局的动态变化过程进行了定量分析。结果显示:①随着流域人口的增加、土地利用活动的加强和水文条件的变化,新开河流域湿地不同程度地转化为草地、耕地、沙地和盐碱地,植物群落发生逆向演变。期间湿地总面积经历了大幅度减少到显著增加的落起过程;②新开河流域湿地景观破碎化严重,2001年沼泽地平均斑块面积、最大斑块面积、最大斑块周长较1969年分别减少了71.02%、71.08%、64.76%,景观破碎化指数由0.78上升到0.93。有关研究成果可为该流域湿地保护及其合理利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文研究了吉林省1:50万土地资源图的分类系统原则、依据、标准或指标体系,以及制图方法、颜色设计等制图理论和技术问题,对编制各类土地资源图提供了有力的借鉴。 相似文献
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本文针对上海2017年夏季的一次臭氧污染过程,利用WRF-Chem模式模拟了海风环流在臭氧输送、聚集和消散过程中所起的作用.结果表明,白天的海风在沿海区域对500 m高度以下的近地面大气起到清洁作用,但海风环流上支离岸气流也会将海风辐合带的高浓度臭氧输送回到近海的边界层中上部,同时,海风环流和热岛环流的加强效应有助于臭氧前体物(VOC和NO2)在辐合带和近海边界层中上部的聚集,从而加快生成臭氧的光化学反应,进一步地加剧臭氧高值区的臭氧污染.在此基础上设计的敏感性实验分析了城市化和海温的贡献.结果发现,城市化会加重上海地区边界层上部的臭氧污染,白天城市热岛环流对海风环流存在正向叠加作用,增强近地面的向岸风;而海温升高会削弱海风,对臭氧的分布产生很大的影响,进一步证明海风环流在臭氧分布的变化中起到了重要的作用. 相似文献
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Jianguo Liu Haitao Zheng Youwen Sun Tao Luo Xueling Cheng Shiyong Shao Shouyin Zheng Bangyi Tao Bin Chen Qianguang Tu Kan Huang Bingbing Wang Mian Wang Xiaoquan Song Tianshu Zhang Yin Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):156-168
Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution in land, sea, and atmosphere. We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years. China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection t... 相似文献
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Shikang Tao Xinning Wang Hong Chen Xin Yang Mei Li Lei Li Zhen Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(3):391-401
ATSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during
the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September)
were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra
of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm
was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass
burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH4-rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height
variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air
parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that
(21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased
the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might
be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical
compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared
with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected
on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site. 相似文献
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本文从以下三个方面总结了福建省围填海造地与土地管理制度衔接的实践经验。第一,填海后建设项目与土地利用规划的符合性问题;第二,海域使用权和土地使用权的转化在法律程序上的衔接,主要包括填海造地海域使用权证换发土地使用权证的程序问题以及补缴土地出让金的问题;第三,海域使用权转化为土地使用权后权利内容的衔接,包括权利人的衔接以及使用期限的衔接。总的来说,福建省在以上三个方面均制定了具有地方特色的、较为完备的衔接制度,但仍有部分问题亟需解决。需要从制定陆海统筹规划、构建填海形成土地的收益共享机制、明确海域使用权证换发土地使用权证的权利期限衔接等方面进一步完善。 相似文献
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《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2004,101(2-3):219-232
In many areas of the world, socioeconomic and political factors are increasingly impacting spatial patterns of land use and land cover in the landscape. Much of the land in the United States has been divided using a grid-based system that was implemented to realize socioeconomic and political goals rather than to protect and conform to biophysical differences. The borders of individual parcels of land often reflect the boundary lines created by this system. These borders are important components of policies related to land management such as zoning and private land use decisions. The potential impact this system of land division may have on spatial patterns in a landscape remains unclear. The majority of landscape research has focused exclusively on biophysical differences occurring over relatively large areas of land and ignored possible finer-scale, human impacts on landscape composition and configuration. There is a need for research on spatial patterns occurring over areas that match socioeconomically or politically important units of land in order to improve understanding of relationships between human related processes and ecosystem functions and to create better management policies.This research explores whether the system of land parcelization is evident in patterns of land use and land cover in the landscape of south-central Indiana. In particular, it investigates whether parcel boundaries correspond to distinct changes in the composition and configuration of forest, developed, and agricultural lands. This research uses theory and methodology from geography, geographic information science, and landscape ecology to analyze patterns of land use and land cover in a rural to semi-rural county in south-central Indiana. A classification of a remotely sensed image is used as a basis for calculating metrics of landscape composition and configuration with the use of a geographic information system. The metrics are calculated for areas of forest, developed, and agricultural land associated with a sample of parcels chosen to represent all the parcels within Monroe County. The values for areas near the parcel boundaries are compared with the values for areas at relatively short distances from the parcel boundaries. This comparison indicates whether there is a distinct change in the composition or configuration of the landscape occurring at approximately the parcel boundaries.The results suggest that in Monroe County, Indiana, changes in the composition of the landscape, particularly the amount of area covered by agriculture and forest, correspond with parcel boundaries. Changes in the configuration of agricultural and, to a lesser extent, developed lands also occur near parcel boundaries. The results support the hypothesis that the grid-based system of parcelization has affected spatial patterns of land use and land cover. These results illustrate the potential impact socioeconomic and political systems may have on spatial patterns in a landscape. 相似文献
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基于2001~2015年山东省海陆经济数据对其海陆经济之间的关系进行Granger检验,得出二者之间存在一定的因果关系;并通过灰色关联分析法对山东省2001~2015年海洋经济和陆域三次产业之间的关系进行分析,得出山东省海洋经济与陆域第二产业相关性最强,然后是陆域第三产业,较弱的是陆域第一产业;总结山东省沿海七市海洋经济发展状况和海陆经济关系,得出山东省沿海七市的海陆经济关系模式主要有海陆并兴型和海陆偏移型两种模式。其中,青岛、潍坊和威海属于海陆并兴型沿海城市,烟台、日照、东营和滨州属于海陆偏移型沿海城市。在海陆偏移型沿海城市中,烟台和日照属于海洋经济主导型,而东营和滨州属于陆域经济主导型。 相似文献
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大气腐蚀图描述了给定地域金属及金属镀层在大气环境中的腐蚀严酷度,可为装备钢结构的保护措施和长期维修方案的制定提供参考。国内外已绘制了很多大气腐蚀图,但由于国内相关人员对腐蚀图不甚了解,阻碍了大气腐蚀图在装备环境适应性设计中的应用。简要介绍了5类典型大气腐蚀等级图的绘制。 相似文献