3S技术与鄱阳湖流域生态系统管理

3S技术是对遥感(Remote Sensing，简称RS)、地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,简称GIS)和全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,简称GPs)的合称。RS能动态地、周期性地获取地表信息，被广泛应用于各个领域,遥感数据是GIS的数据源，遥感数字影像可更新GIS中高程数据；GIS具有采集、存贮、管理、分析和描述整个或部分地球上与空间和地理分布有关数据的重要作用；GPS的作用表现为精确的定位能力和准确的定时和测速能力。鄱阳湖流域是指鄱阳湖及赣江、修水、信江、饶河和抚河等构成的完整流域．流域面积达162225km^2，占江西省国土面积的97．2％。鄱阳湖是我国目前最大的淡水湖泊，是国家级自然保护区，且已被列入世界重要湿地名录。将3S技术应用于鄱阳湖流域生态系统管理，可以全面、快速、准确地获取各种生态环境与资源信息，并对它们进行有效的存贮管理和空间分析，实现对生态过程模拟仿真、发展预测，为管理提供科学依据；同时可大大节省人力、物力、财力，实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的统一。     

鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值演变研究

基于鄱阳湖流域2005年、2010年、2013年土地利用数据,利用GIS数据处理和空间分析技术、修正Costanza方法定量计算鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值,系统地分析了鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值的基本特征和演变规律.结果表明:1)鄱阳湖流域的生态系统服务价值呈现出持续增长的趋势,2005年、2010年、2013年全流域的生态系统服务价值总量分别为3 935.94亿元、5 855.94亿元、7 215.37亿元,其中林地对生态系统服务价值的贡献率最大,而水域面积的变化是影响生态价值变化的主要因素; 2)各子流域中赣江流域的生态价值最高,其次是鄱阳湖区,而饶河流域的生态系统服务价值最低,各流域内上中下游的生态价值分布特征也各有不同; 3)鄱阳湖流域生态价值空间分布出现明显的不均衡性,鄱阳湖及附近区域要远远高于其他地区,而各流域之间的相对差距和绝对差距则是呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势.     

鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制初探

运用生态学、生态经济学理论和方法以及前人的研究成果,结合鄱阳湖流域自然、经济社会实际,分析了鄱阳湖流域生态环境外部性的生成与表现,并在对鄱阳湖流域生态补偿进行理论分析的基础上,提出了建立鄱阳湖流域生态补偿机制的基本思路,分析了补偿的主体和客体,确定了补偿标准,提出了补偿方式和实施对策.     

东昌湖流域生态补水管理模式探讨

目前国际上已将湖泊水环境研究的重心转向湖泊流域生态系统管理,即从流域尺度对湖泊进行污染治理、生态恢复以及生态系统管理,实现湖泊流域内社会经济协调与湖泊生态系统健康的可持续发展。笔者在对东昌湖流域生态补水管理概念界定的基础上,提出了东昌湖流域生态补水管理概念模式、东昌湖流域社会经济协调发展优化模式、东昌湖水质水量保障和生态环境改善的环境管理体系。它涵盖了流域管理、水环境管理和生态系统管理的思想和内容。     

流域管理学研究重点的思考

区域地理学是研究某一地区内人地相互作用的科学，流域管理学是以流域为研究对象的一门管理科学。流域管理学是区域地理学研究的前沿性学科，是21世纪要重点发展的学科．流域管理学应研究的关键科学问题主要包括流域健康评价及指标体系的研究、流域水文管理模拟、洪灾管理模拟生态恢复工程效益模型及可持续发展研究、数字流域研究及流域社会经济可持续管理研究．     

干旱对鄱阳湖流域植被生态系统GEP的影响

总生态系统生产力GEP(gross ecosystem productivity),是生态系统固定的碳总量,作为碳循环研究的重要组成部分,有着不可估量的生态价值和极为重要的人文社会意义.在全球气候变暖背景下,干旱对陆地生态系统GEP造成了一定影响.该文以鄱阳湖流域为研究区,利用生态耦合模型估算2000—2016年间每月GEP,计算干旱指数SPI( standard precipitation index)探究干旱在时间和空间分布上对GEP的影响.通过对模型模拟的GEP与MODIS的GEP产品进行对比分析,发现两者具有较好的相关性,且在GEP低值区间两者表现几乎完全一致.研究结果表明,干旱对鄱阳湖流域植被生态系统GEP存在抑制效应,随着干旱程度的加剧,GEP显著减少;两者不仅在时间上存在一致协同变化趋势,在空间分布上也表现出强烈的一致性.通过该研究,有助于管理部门了解干旱对GEP产生影响的作用机制,为流域生态环境保护提供科学支撑.     

长江上游流域水文生态系统分区及保护措施

现行的水资源功能分区和水环境功能区划在水资源利用、水环境改善和水生态保护中起到了关键性作用.但对比国际上水环境管理的趋势和先进理念,其功能区划仍存在一些问题.譬如,多以水体现状使用功能为基础进行划分,缺乏水生态系统完整性考虑;也亦未考虑水体区域分异性,难以在水资源和水环境管理中实现因地制宜.本文结合国际先进理念及相关理论,并充分考虑长江上游流域水系的自然特征和生态特征,探讨了流域水文生态系统的概念和基于流域的水文生态系统分区的初步思想,提出基于流域的水文生态系统分区的定义和基本原则,建立了流域水文生态系统的完整性评价及其综合评价指标体系,并明确给出长江上游流域水文生态系统区划的方案.该区划方法充分体现了国外趋势与国内管理要求,同时兼顾流域尺度、协调思想、因地制宜和动态性,从而为长江上游流域水环境管理提供战略层次的科学参考和应用基础研究的技术平台.     

鄱阳湖流域的族群与文化略论

鄱阳湖流域囊括了整个江西全境。本文简要回顾了鄱阳湖流域文化的形成和发展,分析了多元一体格局下鄱阳湖流域丰富的文化形态与族群关系。     

长江上游流域水文生态系统分区及保护措施

现行的水资源功能分区和水环境功能区划在水资源利用、水环境改善和水生态保护中起到了关键性作用.但对比国际上水环境管理的趋势和先进理念,其功能区划仍存在一些问题.譬如,多以水体现状使用功能为基础进行划分,缺乏水生态系统完整性考虑;也亦未考虑水体区域分异性,难以在水资源和水环境管理中实现因地制宜.本文结合国际先进理念及相关理论,并充分考虑长江上游流域水系的自然特征和生态特征,探讨了流域水文生态系统的概念和基于流域的水文生态系统分区的初步思想,提出基于流域的水文生态系统分区的定义和基本原则,建立了流域水文生态系统的完整性评价及其综合评价指标体系,并明确给出长江上游流域水文生态系统区划的方案.该区划方法充分体现了国外趋势与国内管理要求,同时兼顾流域尺度、协调思想、因地制宜和动态性,从而为长江上游流域水环境管理提供战略层次的科学参考和应用基础研究的技术平台.     

喀斯特流域生态系统稳定性结构模型初探

从生态系统的景观特征及其组成要素出发，分析了流域生态系统稳定性的影响因子，应用论和脉冲论建立了流域生态系统稳定性结构模型。为有针对性地对喀斯特流域生态系统进行优化调控提供理论依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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