原位杂位法检测艾滋病尸检组织中病毒核酸

对曾用免疫组织化学方法检测了人免疫缺陷病毒１型（ＨＩＶ－１）抗原的１例艾滋病尸检病例的脑、肝、肾、心、肺、胰、肠、脾、胸腺、淋巴和兰尾等组织标本，采用地高辛标记的ＨＩＶ－１ｃＤＮＡ探针检测病毒ＲＮＡ。结果发现在脑组织神经胶质细胞和星形细胞，肠上皮细胞以及淋巴结、脾和胸腺的淋巴细胞ＨＩＶ－１ＲＮＡ阳性。     

套式PCR法检测HIV感染者血清中HCV RNA

用套式ＰＣＲ法对２５例人类免疫缺陷病毒Ｉ型（ＨＩＶ－Ｉ）感染者和１７例对照组血清作了ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ检测。ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性者９例，其中４例有输血或接受过血制品史，３例为静脉药瘾者（ＩＶＤＵＳ），另２例与ＨＩＶ阳性患者有ＩＶＤＵＳ和性接触史，对照组无１例阳性。有输血／血制品和ＩＶＤＵＳ危险因素的患者的ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测的阳性率最高（８０％和５０％）。在ＨＩＶ伴ＨＣＶ感染的全部病例中，仅２例曾有ＡＳＴ和ＡＬＴ轻度升高。本研究表明，这两种病毒伴随感染率之高是与其相同的传播途径危险因素有关，而未发现此两种病毒间可能相互影响的证据。     

慢性HBV感染者外周血单个核细胞中白细胞介素-12 mRNA的表达

１．资料与方法：（１）病例为我科２０００年２－８月收治的５１例门诊及住院慢性ＨＢＶ感染者,男４２例,女９例,平均（３５±８）岁。诊断按１９９５年全国病毒性肝炎诊断标准,排除ＨＣＶ、ＨＤＶ、ＨＩＶ感染。（２）外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）总ＲＮＡ提取及ＩＬ—１２ Ｐ４０ ｍＲＮＡ基因扩增：常规分离ＰＢＭＣ按ＲＮＡ提取试剂盒（Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ公司）操作说明提取ＰＢＭＣ中总ＲＮＡ;一步法ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ（试剂盒购于Ｑｕｉａｇｅｎ公司）进行ＩＬ－１２ Ｐ４０和β肌动蛋白（β－ａｃｔｉｎ）基因扩增,引物序列为ＩＬ－…     

9株艾滋病病毒的分离及生物学特性的研究

目的 从艾滋病病毒（ＨＩＶ）感染者血液中分离ＨＩＶ,进行ＨＩＶ分离株的生物学特征研究。方法 采集１０份福建艾滋病病毒感染者肝素抗凝血,分离外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）,与健康人ＰＢＭＣ共培养进行ＨＩＶ－１的分离,使用含神经氨酸酶（ＮＡ）的Ｔ细胞培养液提高病毒分离率,通过检测Ｐ２４抗原、间接免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡ）及电镜观察等确定病原分离结果。用Ｈ９及ＭＴ４细胞对分离的病毒进行细胞嗜性的研究。结果 从１     

丙型肝炎病毒感染及其性传播途径的研究

目的 探讨丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）经性传播的可能性和ＨＣＶ感染的危险因素。方法 采用ＥＩＡ－Ⅱ检测抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者及其配偶、性病门诊就医者、暗娼及嫖客及嫖客、ＨＩＶ『／ＡＤＩＳ患者的血清抗－ＨＣＶ,并用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法检测 述血标本的ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ。另设抗－ＨＣＶ及ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ阴性的健康者及其配偶（２０对）作为对照。结果 （１）８４例ＨＣＶ感染者及丙肝患者中ＨＣＦ ＲＮＡ阳     

我国首例HIV—2感染者的确认

目的 ＨＩＶ－２抗体的确认。方法 用多种血清学检测方法测定一份可疑ＨＩＶ－２抗体，并用ＨＩＶ－２特异性免疫印迹试剂盒确认。结果 从一个科特迪瓦回国人员采集的血液标本经ＧＡＧＴ（）ＧＢＣ，ＨＩＶ－１＋２）和ＥＬＩＳＡ（Ｖｉｒｏｎｏｓｔｉｃａ，ＨＩＶ－１＋２）检测为ＨＩＶ抗体阳性，使用ＨＩＶ－１＋２免疫印迹试验（ＷＢ）证实该血清衾 ＨＩＶ－２特异性抗体，其中Ｌｉａ ＴｅｋⅢＷＢ出现ＨＩＶ－１ｐ２４和Ｈ     

应重视人类免疫缺陷病毒－2的检测

应重视人类免疫缺陷病毒－２的检测郑恬１９８６年从西非分离出新的人类免疫缺陷病毒──ＨＩＶ－２，常用的试验盒不能检出。该病毒在非洲感染率高，现亦在欧洲传播，这引起了国内外艾滋病（ＡＩＤＳ）专家的关注。ＨＩＶ－１和ＮＩＶ－２的病毒核心蛋白相似，与抗体呈交...     

24例非甲—戊型肝炎患者血清庚肝病毒RNA检测结果分析

采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）技术对２４例非甲－戊（Ａ－Ｅ）型肝炎患者进行庚肝病毒ＲＮＡ（ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ）检测。结果：ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性６例（２５．０％），其中急性肝炎１例（１／９）、慢性肝炎２例（２／９）、肝为肝硬变３例（３／４）；１例有输血史，余５例均无输血或血浆史。提示庚肝病毒可能为非Ａ－Ｅ型肝炎的病原体之一，且存在输血外传播途径。     

人工合成九种人类免疫缺陷病毒多肽的抗原性研究

为了建立敏感、特异的人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）抗体检测方法，采用固相法合成了ＨＩＶ－１和ＨＩＶ－２的９条多肽，多肽分别位于ＨＩＶｇｐ４１、ｐ２４和ｇｐ３６区域，长度为１０～２７个氨基酸。以合成肽为抗原分别包被酶标板，采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法，比较检测了１０份抗－ＨＩＶ－１型和４份抗－ＨＩＶ－２型阳性血清，结果表明ｇｐ４１的１０肽（ＳＰ１）、２１肽（ＳＰ５）、２６肽（ＳＰ６）、２７肽（ＳＰ７）均能检出１００％的抗－ＨＩＶ－１阳性血清，以ＳＰ７抗原性最强。ｇｐ３６的２６肽（ＳＰ８）、２７肽（ＳＰ９）能检出全部的抗－ＨＩＶ－２阳性血清，两者对抗－ＨＩＶ－２血清的亲和性相似，但对抗－ＨＩＶ－１型血清的反应性以ＳＰ８强。以ＳＰ７和ＳＰ８混合包板，能同时检出全部抗－ＨＩＶ－１和抗－ＨＩＶ－２阳性血清；与ＵＢＩ试剂比较，检测了６０份抗－ＨＩＶ阳性血清标本及９６份阴性血清标本，其阳性符合率为９８．３３％（５９／６０），阴性符合率为１００％，总符合率为９９．３６％（１５５／１５６）。表明ＳＰ７和ＳＰ８混合包板可用于ＨＩＶ感染的诊断。     

在体外用人乳铁蛋白抑制丙型肝炎病毒感染研究初探

我们利用Ｖｅｒｏ、ＨｅｐＧ２两种细胞系同时来验证人乳铁蛋白的抗ＨＣＶ作用并初步确定蛋白的作用对象──细胞还是病毒,以此为该蛋白用于抗ＨＣＶ临床治疗提供理论依据。 一、材料与方法 １．细胞和血清： ＨｏｐＧ２细胞系（Ｄｒ．Ｓｃｎｉｎａｚｉ馈赠）,Ｖｅｒｏ细胞系（由湖北医科大学病毒研究所保存）;细胞培养方法见文献［１］。阳性血清：７份ＨＣＶ患者血清,混合后作为病毒接种物（测得ＨＣＶ阳性混合血清的＋ＲＮＡ阳性,－ＲＮＡ阴性;ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ拷贝数为５ ｘ １０４; ＨＡＶ和ＨＢＶ阴性）由湖北医科大学附属第一和…     

HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in a novel humanized mouse model

The Rag2-gammaC double-knockout (DKO) mouse lacks T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, and allows development of a functional human immune system with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (DKO-hu HSCs). Normal human T, B, and dendritic cells are present in peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. We report that both CCR5 and CXCR4 are expressed on human immature and mature T cells. DKO-hu HSC mice allow efficient HIV-1 infection with plasma high viremia. High levels of productive infection occur in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Human CD4+ T cells are gradually depleted by HIV-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HIV-1 infection persists in infected DKO-hu HSC mice for at least 19 weeks, with infectious HIV-1 in lymphoid tissues. Thus, the DKO-hu HSC mouse can serve as a relevant in vivo model to investigate mechanisms of HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis as well as to develop anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.     

In vitro autoradiographic and in vivo scintigraphic localization of somatostatin receptors in human lymphatic tissue

Receptors for the neuropeptide somatostatin (SS) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in various human lymphatic tissues, ie, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes; thymic carcinoids and thymomas were also tested. The receptors were measured in vitro using receptor autoradiography on tissue sections incubated with the SS analog 125I- [Tyr3]-octreotide or 125I-[Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]-SS-28. All tissues were SS-receptor positive for either radioligand, except the thymomas. In thymic tissue, the receptors were diffusely located in the medulla, presumably on epithelial cells. In the spleen, the red pulp was strongly labeled. In the lymph nodes, the germinal centers were preferentially labeled. In all tissues, the receptors were of high affinity (kd thymus, 0.84 nmol/L; kd spleen, 1.6 nmol/L; kd lymph node, 0.62 nmol/L) and specific for SS. Displacement by nanomolar concentrations of SS-14, SS-28, and octreotide was observed, as was guanosine triphosphate dependency. The in vivo visualization of somatostatin receptors was performed after injection of 111In-DTPA- octreotide and gamma-camera scintigraphy. The spleen, but not thymus or lymph nodes, were visualized. These data suggest an important role for SS in regulating immune functions through SS receptors in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Furthermore, SS may regulate neuroendocrine functions in the thymus.     

HIV type 1 envelope quasispecies in the thymus and lymph Nodes of AIDS patients

To test for the presence of HIV syncytium-inducing (SI) strains in the thymus in vivo we sequenced HIV envelope V3 variants from thymic and peripheral lymph node tissues of three subjects who died of AIDS. Phylogenetic analysis of proviral sequences derived by direct sequencing of multiple independent PCRs showed that the HIV-1 quasispecies did not segregate into distinct clusters in the thymus versus lymph nodes. Examination of env sequences for V3 loop amino acids associated with the SI phenotype did not show its preferential localization in either thymus or lymph node. One subject harbored only putative SI variants, another only putative NSI variants, and the third subject carried a mixture of genotypes in both tissues. The thymus and lymph nodes of terminal AIDS patients therefore appeared to harbor closely related proviral envelope quasispecies.     

On the Origin of Foà-Kurloff Cells

The thymic and splenic release of Foà-Kurloff cells into the blood was studied in estradiol-treated male guinea pigs by comparison between the cellular content in afferent and efferent blood. The amount and distribution of such cells in thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow was investigated. The treatment with estradiol caused involution of the thymus and splenomegaly. An abundance of Foà-Kurloff cells was found in the red splenic pulp and a considerable release of such cells from the spleen into the blood was demonstrated. At the same time the output of lymphocytes from the spleen was reduced, suggesting that the Foà-Kurloff cells are transformed lymphocytes. The spleen contained an increased amount of erythroblasts, indicating a stimulation of splenic erythropoiesis by estradiol. In the bone marrow and the thymus the number of Foà-Kurloff cells was much smaller than in the spleen and no emigration of such cells from the thymus into the blood was demonstrated. A very small amount of Foà-Kurloff cells was found in the lymph nodes and very few occurred in the thoracic duct lymph. Thus, the Foà-Kurloff cells of the blood do not originate in the lymph nodes and do not recirculate between blood and lymph. It is concluded that the spleen is the major producer of Foà-Kurloff cells and that they are released from the spleen into the blood.     

Prolonged Effects of Nitrogen Mustard on Mouse Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues

Groups of mice have been autopsied at regular intervals during the period of lymphomyeloid tissue regeneration which follows the phase of hypocellularity induced by the i.v. injection of 100 μg (4 mg/kg bodyweight) nitrogen mustard. The marrow cellularity recovered to levels in the normal range by the 8th day and remained in this range up to the 40th day. Subsequently, the marrow showed a slight degree of hypocellularity up to day 120. Granulocytes were predominant during the initial phase of marrow regeneration from days 5–12. The thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen commenced regeneration during the second week post-injection. The thymus exhibited periodic size variations such that it was substantially larger than the thymus of age-matched controls from 20–30 d, 46–73 d, and 75–100 d after injection. The lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue of the spleen regenerated only slowly to reach control values by 40–50 d. Superimposed on the recovering lymphoid tissue of the spleen was a phase of erythroid hyperplasia lasting from 10–18 d post-injection. This coincided with a shift from granulocytosis to erythroid hyperplasia in the marrow. This erythroid hyperplasia lasted until day 30 when the cellular composition of the marrow and spleen returned to normal. A possible explanation of these results is that nitrogen mustard introduces a degree of synchrony into stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, these results emphasize the role of the haematopoietic microenvironment in the control of stem cell differentiation.     

Changes in the tissues of the immune system in dengue haemorrhagic fever.

A total of 100 post-mortems were done on patients clinically diagnosed as dengue haemorrhagic fever from Rangoon Children's Hospital. Histopathological changes in bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and other associated tissues of the immune system were analysed and correlated with the clinical picture and serology results. The major changes in cases with a positive serology result for secondary dengue infection consist of hypoplasia of the bone marrow, acute atrophy and wasting of the thymus, atrophy and depletion of cells in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of the spleen and the paracortical areas of the lymph nodes. The tissues affected are the thymus-dependent areas of the spleen and lymph nodes, and the thymus itself. Thymus-independent areas of the secondary lymphatic tissues are also affected but to a lesser extent. The pathological observations suggest that immunodepression may be an integral part of the pathophysiology of dengue haemorrhagic fever.     

Altered Nucleic Acids of Antibody-Forming Tissues

RNA.DNA hybridization experiments suggest differences between the DNA from the liver and spleen of the same animal (rabbit) and between the RNAs from lymph nodes stimulated by different antigens. A larger proportion of spleen DNA than of liver DNA was complementary to the RNA isolated from antigen-stimulated lymph nodes. No difference between liver and spleen DNA was observed in hybrids formed with RNA from lymph nodes of nonimmune animals. This suggests the presence of unique or redundant genes coding for immunoglobulin polypeptide chains in antibody-forming cells.     

Influence of physical activity stress and age on the ADCC of lymphocytes from mice

The influence of physical activity stress (swimming until exhaustion) and age on the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of lymphocytes from spleen, thymus and axillary lymph nodes in BALB/c mice was studied. The results indicate that the ADCC activity decreases after the acute stress both in young and in old mice. However, when swimming until exhaustion is performed after 1 month training, the ADCC activity increases except in the case of spleen lymphocytes from old mice. The basal ADCC capacity of spleen lymphocytes from old controls is higher (P<0.05) than from young controls, but there are no statistically significant differences in this respect between young and old animals in lymphocytes from thymus and axillary lymph nodes. No correlations between the increase in serum corticosterone levels and ADCC response are found.