TiAlN薄膜掺杂Cr、Ni对其耐腐蚀性的影响

在4Cr13不锈钢表面采用多弧离子镀沉积TiAlN薄膜,采用磁控溅射法和多弧离子镀在4Cr13表面分别沉积掺杂Cr和Cr、Ni的TiAlN薄膜,采用电化学工作站对其进行电化学腐蚀性能测试。结果表明:在1 mol/L的H_2SO_4溶液中,同时掺杂Cr、Ni的TiAlN薄膜的耐腐蚀性是TiAlN薄膜的4.1倍,是掺杂Cr的TiAlN薄膜的1.3倍;在3%的NaOH溶液中,同时掺杂Cr、Ni的TiAlN薄膜的耐腐蚀性是TiAlN薄膜的3倍,是掺杂Cr的TiAlN薄膜的2倍;在3.5%的Na Cl溶液中,同时掺杂Cr、Ni的TiAlN薄膜的耐腐蚀性是TiAlN薄膜的11.4倍,是掺杂Cr的TiAlN薄膜的1.3倍。     

马氏体不锈钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的耐腐蚀性以及应用

目的 研究在440A马氏体不锈钢表面沉积Cr2N涂层,以提高其耐腐蚀性的可行性。方法 采用包埋法并在1100 ℃下保温4 h后炉冷,得到表面涂覆Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢。利用SEM、EDS、XRD研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织,利用极化曲线初步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性,分别在室温和60 ℃下的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中进行全浸泡水浴腐蚀实验,进一步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性。结果 在30Cr2N- 2NH4Cl-68Al2O3渗剂中经1100 ℃保温4 h后,可在不锈钢表面形成致密的Cr2N涂层,涂层组织为Cr2N层（约17 μm）和富Cr沉积层（约19 μm）。表面Cr2N涂层光滑且致密,无裂纹和针孔等缺陷。在模拟PEMFC酸性环境的腐蚀液中（0.05 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–）,不锈钢原样、不锈钢涂层样品的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.623 V和3274 μA/cm2、-0.212 V和0.0362 μA/cm2。在水浴腐蚀实验中,不锈钢涂层样品在室温0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经12 000 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而原样则以0.007 g/h的失重速率溶解;不锈钢涂层样品在60 ℃的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经800 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而不锈钢原样以0.252 g/h的失重速率快速溶解。结论 表面沉积Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢相对于原样其耐腐蚀性能明显 提高。     

双层辉光等离子制备TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能

利用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术,在Q235钢表面直接合成TiN渗镀层,该渗镀层由TiN颗粒均匀分布的扩散层及表面TiN沉积层组成。将TiN渗镀层与Q235钢基体和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在4%的NaOH溶液、l mol/L H2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在4%的NaOH溶液中,TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了26.8倍,与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢相当;在l mol/L H2 S04溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.5倍,比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢提高了1.65倍;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了10.3倍,但比1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢稍差。TiN渗镀层耐酸碱性溶液腐蚀性能要比耐盐溶液腐蚀性能强。     

等离子辉光合成TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能的研究

介绍了一种同时利用等离子尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的TiN渗镀层新工艺技术.将该TiN渗镀试样与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢在1 mol/LH2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中,分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验.结果表明：TiN渗镀层在酸性溶液中的耐蚀性能比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢分别提高了1.4和4.2倍.在盐水中的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了182.6倍,但比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢耐蚀性能稍差.渗镀TiN层耐酸性溶液腐蚀性能优于耐盐水腐蚀性能.     

0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面渗锆合金层的硬度及耐蚀性

利用双层辉光等离子渗金属技术,在0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面形成厚约65μm、均匀致密连续的渗锆合金层,并对不锈钢基材与渗锆合金层分别进行硬度检测与电化学腐蚀性能测试。结果表明:渗锆后,试样表面的硬度约为1530 HV0.05,明显大于不锈钢基材的表面硬度(约为350 HV0.05);渗Zr合金层的硬度由表及里逐渐降低,呈梯度分布;在0.5 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液、0.5 mol·L-1HNO3溶液、3.5%NaCl溶液中,不锈钢基材的相对腐蚀速度分别是渗Zr合金层的2.18倍、9.73倍、2.44倍;未处理的不锈钢表面腐蚀较为严重,而渗Zr合金层表面只出现轻微的局部腐蚀,可见经渗锆处理后,不锈钢的耐蚀性能有所改善。     

Q235钢离子渗铬及渗氮复合处理的耐磨性

利用针状铬丝在Q235钢表面进行1000 ℃×4 h等离子渗铬,对渗铬试样分别进行(480、520、560 ℃)×6 h的离子渗氮处理.对经过渗铬和离子渗氮处理的试样进行磨粒磨损耐磨性试验.结果表明,Q235钢渗铬后表面铬含量为22wt%,渗层厚度为50 μm.渗铬层经渗氮处理形成了含铬氮化物(CrN、Cr2N)及少量含铬碳化物(Cr23C6)组成的表面强化层,表面显微硬度最高达1500 HV0.1.磨粒磨损试验表明,与未处理Q235 试样比较,渗铬并经过480、520、560 ℃离子渗氮处理的试样耐磨性分别提高了1.50、3.05和1.44倍;520 ℃离子渗氮试样较T10钢淬火+低温回火试样及3Cr13离子渗氮试样分别提高了2.20倍和2.73倍.     

微量稀土La在1Cr13不锈钢中的作用

真空电弧炉冶炼的含稀土元素La与不含稀土元素La的1Cr13不锈钢,并经热轧制后,均分为4块,又经适当处理,分别制成轧态、淬火态、淬火后高温回火态试样.研究了稀土元素La对低铬马氏体不锈钢组织的影响.通过海水模拟溶液浸泡试验、测量极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,研究稀土元素La对1Cr13不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,加入稀土元素La可以改善不锈钢中碳化物在晶界上的偏聚;稀土元素La加入量为0.04%~0.12%范围内,1Cr13不锈钢经过淬火和高温回火态试样,其耐腐蚀性均有一定程度的提高.     

2Cr13钢氮碳氧硫变温离子共渗工艺及性能研究

从温度、时间、氨气流量和混合气(乙醇和二硫化碳混合液)流量方面研究2Cr13不锈钢氮碳氧硫变温离子共渗工艺,寻找最优的共渗参数,并与常规离子渗氮和变温离子渗氮相比较。利用显微硬度计、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站对试样进行分析。结果表明:2Cr13钢经535℃变温共渗8 h,氨气流量1.5 L/min,混合气流量0.25 L/min变温离子共渗处理,表面硬度达到硬化要求,共渗层厚度0.28 mm,梯度平缓;共渗层中微量的Fe3O4可降低摩擦系数,FeS具有储油减磨的特性,使工件耐磨性更好;另外,其耐腐蚀性略低于常规离子渗氮。     

循环N/C/O/S离子共渗对316Ti钢组织及耐腐蚀性的影响

采用常规离子渗氮、循环离子渗氮、循环N/C/O共渗及循环N/C/O/S共渗四种不同工艺分别对316Ti不锈钢铆钉进行处理,并对试样进行表征,分析了循环渗氮工艺及共渗元素C,O和S对316Ti钢渗层组织及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:与常规离子渗氮相比,循环渗氮的试样渗层更深,耐腐蚀性基本不变;N/C/O共渗中,C和O元素的加入有利于提高渗层深度并抑制CrN的析出,降低基体表面贫Cr程度,提高处理后试样的耐腐蚀性;共渗介质中加入S元素,会降低共渗试样的耐腐蚀性。     

不锈钢钢筋的临界氯离子浓度

采用动电位扫描测量技术和扫描电镜测试了304L和316L不锈钢钢筋与Q235钢筋在模拟混凝土孔溶液中的临界氯离子浓度,并采用XPS分析了304L和316L不锈钢钢筋的钝化膜成分。结果表明,普通碳钢(Q235)、304L、316L不锈钢在pH=12.6的模拟混凝土孔隙液中的临界氯离子浓度分别约为0.06 mol/L、1.2 mol/L、4.0mol/L;相比304L不锈钢钢筋,316L不锈钢钢筋试样表面钝化膜中含有耐腐蚀性的Cr3+的氧化物量更高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.