金刚石抛光用钨合金的热压烧结

为了获得适用于摩擦化学抛光单晶金刚石用的高性能W-Mo-Cr合金抛光材料,采用机械合金化法制备的微细W-Mo-Cr合金粉末为原料,研究热压烧结参数(烧结温度、压力和保温时间)对材料致密度和硬度的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的显微组织进行观察。结果表明:采用机械合金化和热压固相烧结相结合的方法可以制备出高致密度、高硬度的合金材料,合金材料组织致密,平行精度良好;在烧结温度为1400℃、压力为30 MPa、保温时间为30 min的工艺条件下,所制备的W-Mo-Cr合金材料相对密度为96.49%,硬度为777.78HV。     

SiC_p/Al-Fe-V-Si的板材成形过程中显微组织和力学性能的演变

采用多层喷射沉积工艺制备SiCp/Al-Fe-V-Si复合材料,并分别通过挤压后轧制和热压后轧制工艺制备了板材,分析了复合材料不同状态下的显微组织、物相和力学性能,并研究在轧制过程中复合材料密度和硬度的变化规律。结果表明:挤压后轧制和热压后轧制均能有效致密沉积坯。与挤压后再轧制相比,热压后再轧制材料组织更均匀细小,力学性能更优秀。挤压后再轧制板材抗拉强度为535 MPa,伸长率为4.0%,压下25%前,挤压坯的密度和硬度随之降低;当压下25%时,密度和硬度升高。热压后轧制板材抗拉强度达580 MPa,伸长率达6.3%,压下量低于10%时,热压坯密度与硬度随压下量升高;压下10%至40%,密度和硬度下降;压下量高于40%后,密度与硬度升高。对于两种材料,随着压下量的增加,轧制过程中密度与硬度的变化规律都一致。     

银-钯-稀土合金的组织与性能研究

采用均匀化、轧制、拉拔等工艺加工制备银-钯-稀土合金样品。研究了不同退火温度、加工率对合金强度、硬度、延伸率等性能的影响。结果表明,银-钯-稀土合金可替代Au Ni合金用作电接触材料。     

Cu-Cr触头复合材料组织和性能的改善

研究了冷挤压致密化处理工艺对燃烧合成-熔铸成形Cu70Cr30的组织以及电导率、密度、硬度等性能的影响。结果表明,冷挤压致密化处理工艺不仅使合金的晶粒尺寸得到一定的细化,而且致密度、硬度、导电率均得到很大的提高,说明经过冷挤压工艺处理后可以获得组织和性能更好的Cu-Cr复合材料。     

原位反应合成稀土改性TiC钢结硬质合金的组织与性能

以钛铁粉、纯钼粉、纯铬粉、鳞片状石墨粉、羰基铁粉等为原料,采用原位反应合成的方法制备了TiC钢结硬质合金。采用丁苯橡胶和环烷酸稀土的混合物为成形剂,以引入稀土Ce元素对烧结材料进行改性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了烧结合金的显微组织,并对合金的密度(相对致密度)、硬度、极限抗弯强度进行了检测。结果表明:加入稀土元素后,烧结合金组织中的碳化钛颗粒均匀而细小,合金的密度(相对致密度)提高了3%;抗弯强度达到了1 780 MPa,比未加稀土元素的烧结合金提高了22%左右。因此,在原位反应合成中,稀土元素能够显著细化合金的组织并提高了烧结材料的性能。     

氟系非晶态硅材料的研究

作者用辉光放电方法,基本上按照Ovshinsky等人报道的制备a-Si:F:H合金的工艺条件制得了a-Si:F:H合金薄膜.这种材料的含氢量远比a-Si:H合金材料为低.据初步测试结果,这种材料具有良好的光电导特性和热稳定性.目前,我们正在继续完善有关工作并将做具体报道.还将报道对a-Si:F:H材料用溅射方法制备的有关结果.     

淬火对Mg5Al3Li2合金储氢性能的影响

在氩气保护下,采用粉末烧结后液氮快速淬火处理并结合机械合金化工艺方法制备Mg5Al3Li2合金,对样品材料的组织、吸放氢动力学以及热性质进行了研究。结果表明,采用烧结后液氮快速淬火处理工艺虽然未能改善Mg5Al3Li2合金的氢化和脱氢动力学性能,使合金材料氢化物的脱氢温度以及脱氢激活能分别提高了15.1K和14.5 kJ/mol,但其氢化量随着温度的升高而增大。因此,下一步工作应优先考虑采用先球磨后烧结、SPS放电等离子烧结+球磨或高能球磨等另一制备工艺来提高Mg-Al-Li合金材料的储氢性能。     

30Cr13Cu4粉末不锈钢的热等静压制备与热处理

通过热等静压工艺制备出30Cr13Cu4粉末不锈钢,研究了热处理工艺参数(包括时效处理温度和保温时间)对材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,制备的含Cu不锈钢材料组织均匀,相对密度为98.5%;固溶处理后,随着时效温度的提高,基体上析出的碳化物数量增加,尺寸长大,同时还伴随析出了纳米ε-Cu相,硬度先增加随后降低;较低的时效温度和长时间保温析出的碳化物具有较大的二次硬化效果。520℃时效时,随着保温时间的延长,合金的硬度不断提高,保温14 h的硬度为52.1 HRC。     

合金元素W对MoSi2显微组织和力学性能的影响

探讨了加入合金元素W对MoSi2材料组织和性能的影响.通过热压工艺制备T(Mo1-x,Wx)Si2合金试样.对合金试样的物相组成、断口形貌、微区成分及显微组织进行了分析,并对合金的硬度、力学性能及致密度进行了分析测试.结果表明,其主要物相为MoSi2、WSi2、W5Si3及少量的Mo4.8 Si3C0.6;合金元素W的加入细化了晶粒,强化了基体;使MoSi2复合材料的硬度明显提高,且随着W元素的增多,材料的抗压强度、硬度提高;相对密度呈先增后减的趋势,当Mo:W为6:4时,材料的致密度最高,达到95.32%;合金主要以穿晶和沿晶的脆性断裂为主,合金韧性没有明显改善.     

机械球磨制备Ni_2FeSb合金的烧结动力学（英文）

采用粉末冶金工艺制备Ni_2FeSb三元形状记忆合金。利用膨胀实验研究合金的烧结动力学;采用XRD和SEM分别考察粉末样品和烧结样品的显微组织和形貌;测定烧结样品表面的显微硬度。结果表明:研磨时间对粉末样品的形状、晶粒尺寸和晶体结构的均匀性具有显著影响。经较长时间研磨的样品具有较高的相对密度和较均匀的元素分布,且为L21和马氏体相,这些性能使合金具有形状记忆功能。在温度为750~1273 K条件下,合金的激活能为109~283 kJ/mol,这表明烧结过程主要由体积扩散控制。增加研磨时间和加热速率,合金的显微硬度得到提高。     

Al—Li合金熔制用涂料的研究

介绍了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金熔制用的一种新型涂料，作料具有化学稳定笥，不与Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金液反应，不腐蚀铁坩锅及工具，涂层均匀致密，易于喷涂的清理等特点，能有效地控制合金成分及杂质含量。     

球磨包覆镍对A2B7型合金电极电化学性能影响的研究

为进一步改善A2B7型贮氢合金电极的电化学性能,以La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.44Al0.06为研究对象,用未包覆合金粉末和球磨包覆镍处理不同时间的合金粉末制备合金电极,研究了合金电极的电化学性能和动力学性能.结果表明:合金粉末经球磨包覆镍处理后制得的合金电极,其活化性能及循环稳定性有所提高;球磨包覆镍处理可提高合金电极的交换电流密度J0,改善其电催化活性,降低电化学阻抗,加快电荷迁移速率,从而提高合金电极的高倍率放电能力.     

LiB化合物X射线衍射强度计算与晶胞中电子密度分布

讨论了LiB化合物X射线衍射的实验方法及衍射强度计算模型,并对该物相的电子密度函数进行了分析,结果表明,在经过对X射线的透射效应和Debye因子各向异性的简化修正后,X射线衍射强度理论值与实验结果吻合很好,电子密度函数分析表明,在LiB单胞中沿[001]方向B与B之间存在高密度电子分布,Li原子的电子向B原子发生了转移,进一步支持了LiB化合物中B在[001]方向以供价健相连及元素Li以Li^ 状态存在的观点。     

Surface analysis, hydrogen adsorption and electrochemical performance of alkali-reduce treated hydrogen storage alloy

The hydrogen storage alloy powders (M1Ni4.0Co0.6Al0.4, M1 = rich-La mischmetal) were treated in a hot 6 mol/L KOH 0.02 mol/L KBH4 solution, the surface compositions and chemical states of the treated and untreated alloys were analyzed by XPS and EDX, the hydrogen adsorption on the surface of these alloys was evaluated by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), the effects of the surface treatment on the electrochemical performances of the alloy electrodes were investigated. The results show that the hydrogen adsorption is greatly strengthened by the surface modification, and hence leads to marked improvement in the electrocatalytic activity, the treated alloy exhibits higher exchange current density and lower apparent activation energy for the hydrogen electrode reaction than the untreated alloy.     

Relationship between cooling rate and electrochemical performance of melt-spun AB_5 alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONNi/MHsecondarybatterieshaverapidlybeendevelopedandgraduallysubstitutedforNi/Cdbatter iesintherecentdecadeduetoitshighspecificenergydensityandhavingnopoisonouselementcadmium .TheactivematerialofnegativeelectrodewidelyusedinNi/MHsecondarybatteriesisAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloynowadays .However ,itisstillneededtoimprovethecomprehensive propertiesofAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloyforprolongingtheservicelifeofNi/MHbatteries .Anormalmethodtoimprovethecomprehensivepropertiesofthe…     

High Strength and Ductility of a MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg Sandwiched Plate Produced by High-Pressure Torsion

Due to their unique precipitation behavior, magnesium-rare earth (Mg-RE) alloys exhibit excellent strength and high thermal stability. However, owing to the negative blocking effect of precipitation on dislocation slipping, the plasticity and ductility of Mg-RE alloys become deteriorate after aging treatment. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the combination of strength and ductility by designing a laminate heterostructured Mg alloy is proposed. High-pressure torsion (HPT) processing is employed to fabricate a clean and well-bonded interface between MgGdYAg and MgAg alloys. The two alloys have huge differences in precipitation hardening, and ductility is improved due to two facts. For one thing, the density of the second phases in the MgAg alloy is much lower than that of MgGdYAg alloy; for another, the non-basal 〈c + a〉 slipping is continuously activated during deformation. Through this mechanism, the uniform elongation of the heterostructured MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg alloy is improved to 7.1%.     

退火处理对MlNi_(4.0)Al_(0.3)Si_(0.1)Fe_(0.6)无Co储氢电极合金的微结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了退火处理(1173～1273K、3h)对无Co贮氢合金MlNi4.0Al0.3Si0.1Fe0.6的微结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明,退火态合金仍为单相CaCu5型结构,但合金相的成分和结构的均匀性得到明显改善。金相观察和能谱分析显示:铸态合金为比较粗大的树枝晶结构并存在明显的成分偏析;经1173K处理后的合金仍为树枝晶,且树枝结构更为明显;但经1223～1273K处理后合金的显微组织转变为等轴晶;退火处理使合金中元素的分布趋于均匀化。电化学测试表明,退火处理后合金的放电容量有所提高,循环稳定性得到显著改善,但高倍率放电性能略有降低。研究发现,退火态合金电极的交换电流密度及氢在合金中的扩散系数较铸态合金的有所减小是导致其高倍率放电性能降低的主要原因。     

热电池阳极材料Li—B合金的密度分析

根据Li-B化合物的六方结构模型，计算了热电池阳极材料Li-B合金随B含量变化的理论密度曲线。采用阿基米德方法分别测量了含24％（摩尔分数）B的Li-B合金反应完全并经冷挤压后的样品和未经第二次放热反应中间样品的密度，综合分析了以往不同研究者所测量的结果，结果表明，反应充分并消除合金中孔隙后合金的实验密度值与理论计算值一致，以往造成实验偏差的主要原因是样品中存在孔隙，中间样品的密度与Li-B元素混合计算密度一致，它支持在第一次反应和第二次反应之间B熔化在Li中的观点。     

Synchronously Improving the Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu-Zn Alloy Die Castings Through Ultrasonic-Assisted Rheoforming

An ultrasonic vibration-assisted air-cooled stirring rod process (ACSR + UV) was used to efficiently prepare a large-volume semisolid slurry with a mass of more than 40 kg.A low-cost Al-Si-Fe-Mg-Cu-Zn die-casted alloy with high thermal conductivity,high plasticity and medium strength was developed.The alloy was used to manufacture large,thin-walled parts for 5G base stations by using the ACSR + UV rheological die-casting (ACSR + UV R-DC) process.Investigations were performed on the microstructure,porosity,mechanical properties,fracture behaviour and thermal conductivity of the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy,which was then compared to traditionally die-casted (T-DC) and ACSR R-DC alloys.The mecha-nisms for the microstructural refinement and enhancement of the mechanical and thermal conductivity performances of the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy were also analysed.The results showed that the ACSR + UV process increased the nucleation rate of the melt due to the increase in the nucleation area and the generation of cavitation bubbles.A radial-and an axial-forced convection was also generated inside the melt under the combined effects of acoustic flow and mechanical stirring,thereby homogenising the melt composition field and the temperature field.Therefore,the ACSR + UV R-DC process not only refined the primary α-Al (α1-Al),the eutectic silicon and the secondary α-Al (α2-Al),but also greatly improved the mor-phology and the distribution of the β-Al5FeSi phase.The mechanical properties of the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy were higher than those of the T-DC and the ACSR R-DC alloys.Compared to the T-DC alloy,the ultimate tensile strength,elongation and yield strength of the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy were increased by 34％,122％ and 19％,respectively.This was because the ACSR + UV R-DC technique gave the alloy the characteristics of high density,fine spherical α1-Al grain and a fine and uniform β-phase,which improved the fracture behaviour of the alloy.The thermal conductivity of the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy was 184 W/(m K),which was 10.2％ and 3.4％ higher than that of T-DC and ACSR R-DC alloys,respectively.This was because the refined eutectic silicon and β phases in the ACSR + UV R-DC alloy facilitated an easier electron flow through the eutectic region,and the decrease in porosity increased the effective area of heat conduction.     

Environmental behavior of beta titanium alloys

Stemming from their unique combination of elevated strength, low density, and good overall corrosion resistance, beta titanium alloys have become attractive candidate materials for critical, high-stress components in corrosive services. An overview of the comparative corrosion resistance of beta alloys to conventional alpha and alpha/beta titanium alloys in common industrial and aerospace service environments generally reveals attractive behavior depending on the environment and alloy composition and, in some cases, alloy condition. Expanded performance windows are especially noted for the molybdenum-rich beta alloys, particularly with regard to resisting reducing acids, stress corrosion, and high-temperature localized chloride attack, along with hydrogen and oxidation resistance. Where applicable, implications of this enhanced corrosion performance on current and perspective beta alloy applications are also noted.