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通过传统微生物培养分离手段从山西老陈醋醋醅中分离醋酸菌,采用形态学观察及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行肠杆菌基因间保守重复序列(ERIC)分型及发酵特性研究。结果表明,共分离筛选出20株醋酸菌,经鉴定18株为巴氏醋杆菌(Acetobacter pasteurianus),2株为醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacter aceti)。经ERIC分型,18株巴氏醋杆菌属于5个分型(Ⅰ~Ⅴ型),2株醋化醋杆菌属于2个分型(Ⅰ和Ⅱ型)。经发酵特性研究,巴氏醋杆菌、醋化醋杆菌中Ⅱ型菌株的温度耐受性均优于Ⅰ型;巴氏醋杆菌Ⅰ型菌株产酸、产乙偶姻能力优于其他型的菌株。在此基础上,筛选出的1株性能优良的菌株,为巴氏醋杆菌SAV-CP 1884,其可耐受高温45 ℃、酒精度10%vol及pH 3,乙酸产量高达9.87 g/L、乙偶姻产量为0.86 mg/mL。 相似文献
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保宁醋由各种功能性微生物发酵而成,其中醋酸菌对保宁醋的风味和营养物质形成具有重要作用,本研究以稀释涂布平板法从醋曲中分离到13株醋酸菌,经定性试验、产酸量、耐酸、耐酒精试验,得到一株产酸量为30.90 g/L的醋酸菌A11,鉴定为醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter sicerae),其挥发性物质主要为乙酸,高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatograph,HPLC)法检测其产乙酸含量为542.88 mg/100 mL。醋酸菌在食醋发酵过程中的发挥重要作用,此次所得醋杆菌对保宁醋生产和发酵工艺改良具有指导意义。 相似文献
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高产醋酸菌的分离选育 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20
从天然发酵醋醅中分离得到295株醋酸菌,经初筛和复筛产酸试验,筛选出J9和J11两株高产醋酸菌。采用氯化锂和紫外线复合诱变处理J11菌株,经分离筛选获得了产醋酸能力更高的醋酸菌J11-2(9.11g/100ml)、J11-4(10.03g/100ml)和J11-6(9.28g/100ml)。经初步鉴定,所筛选的高产醋酸菌为醋酸细菌属的醋化醋杆菌亚种。 相似文献
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细菌纤维素是经微生物发酵形成的新型生物合成材料,具有机械强度高、吸水性能好、纯度高、结晶度高等优良特性,广泛应用于食品工业等领域。已报道的产细菌纤维素的细菌有醋酸菌属(Acetobacter)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobaeterium)、假单胞菌属(Preudomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、气杆菌属(Aerobacter)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)这9个属中的某些种,真正能够应用于工业化生产细菌纤维素的只有醋酸菌中的几个种,他们是木醋杆菌(Acetobacter xylinum)、醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacteraceti)、产醋醋杆菌(Acetobacteracotigenum)和巴氏醋杆菌(Acetobacter pastcurianum)。本文通过分析近期国内外与细菌纤维素相关文献,对其高产菌种选育、培养基优化和发酵模式等方面的研究进行综述,并展望其在食品工业中的应用前景,为进一步深入研究细菌纤维素提供理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
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《中国食品添加剂》2015,(8)
选用自然发酵的苹果醋醪液为样品,以恶臭醋酸杆菌AS1.41为对照菌株。采用钙平板分离初筛、革兰氏染色与产醋酸定性试验初步鉴定、乙醇氧化试验法复筛等方法从中分离筛选出5株醋酸菌。再经过产酸量试验、耐盐性试验、耐酒精性试验等一系列试验后,确定了2株产酸量高且稳定的优势醋酸菌株,并对其进行形态观察、生理生化试验、16S r DNA序列以及dna K功能基因序列分析。最终鉴定这2株菌分别为巴氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter pasteurianus)B103和热带醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter tropicalis)B104。其中巴氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter pasteurianus)B103的产酸量达到35.6g/L,耐酒精浓度为7%,耐盐浓度为0.3%。热带醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter tropicalis)B104的产酸量达到33.2g/L,耐酒精浓度为7%,耐盐浓度为0.3%。 相似文献
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醋酸菌是影响纯种液态酿醋效率的关键因素。为获得高质量浓度醋酸生产菌,本研究将常规筛选方法与分子生物学技术相结合进行优良醋酸菌的筛选。采用高质量浓度酒精和醋酸培养基富集,挑取醋酸菌膜初步分离目的菌;借助生理生化特征与16S rDNA保守序列分析方法鉴定并获得一株产酸高的巴氏醋酸杆菌JST-S(Acetobacter pasteurianus JST-S,BJST-S);在与沪酿1.01(Acetobacter pasteurianus HN 1.01)进行发酵特性对比研究时发现,BJST-S在生长速率、产酸速率及耐醇和耐酸等方面均优于沪酿1.01;半连续发酵3批次BJST-S的产酸量维持在58.10~59.68 g/L,发酵强度维持在1.21~1.24 g/(L·h),说明该菌产酸特性稳定。研究结果可为醋酸工业化生产以及优良菌株的选育提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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利用稀释涂布法及透明圈法从山西老陈醋酿造过程中分离了36株乳酸菌和25株醋酸菌,利用形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列测定对分到的菌株进行了鉴定;并研究了不同浓度的高粱单宁对这些菌株生长的影响。结果表明,36株乳酸菌分别为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus lantarum),发酵乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentium),干酪乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus casei),肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides),类食品乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paralimentarius)和短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis);25株醋酸菌分别为巴氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter pasteurianus)、醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacter aceti),液化醋杆菌(Acetobacter liquefaciens)和恶臭醋酸杆菌(Acetobacter rancens)。当高粱单宁含量为0~1.5%时,所有乳酸菌和绝大部分醋酸菌的生长被促进;当单宁含量为2.0%时,对不同菌的生长影响不同(有一些菌株生长被促进,而另一些菌株生长被抑制);当单宁含量为3.0%~6.0%时所有菌株的生长均被抑制。 相似文献
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Analysis of proteins responsive to acetic acid in Acetobacter: molecular mechanisms conferring acetic acid resistance in acetic acid bacteria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acetic acid bacteria are used for industrial vinegar production because of their remarkable ability to oxidize ethanol and high resistance to acetic acid. Although several molecular machineries responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetic acid bacteria have been reported, the entire mechanism that confers acetic acid resistance has not been completely understood. One of the promising methods to elucidate the entire mechanism is global analysis of proteins responsive to acetic acid by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Recently, two proteins whose production was greatly enhanced by acetic acid in Acetobacter aceti were identified to be aconitase and a putative ABC-transporter, respectively; furthermore, overexpression or disruption of the genes encoding these proteins affected acetic acid resistance in A. aceti, indicating that these proteins are involved in acetic acid resistance. Overexpression of each gene increased acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter, which resulted in an improvement in the productivity of acetic acid fermentation. Taken together, the results of the proteomic analysis and those of previous studies indicate that acetic acid resistance in acetic acid bacteria is conferred by several mechanisms. These findings also provide a clue to breed a strain having high resistance to acetic acid for vinegar fermentation. 相似文献
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Gullo M Caggia C De Vero L Giudici P 《International journal of food microbiology》2006,106(2):209-212
This study evaluated the glucose tolerance of acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from Traditional Balsamic Vinegar. The results showed that the greatest hurdle to acetic acid bacteria growth is the high sugar concentration, since the majority of the isolated strains are inhibited by 25% of glucose. Sugar tolerance is an important technological trait because Traditional Balsamic Vinegar is made with concentrated cooked must. On the contrary, ethanol concentration of the cooked and fermented must is less significant for acetic acid bacteria growth. A tentative identification of the isolated strains was done by 16S-23S-5S rDNA PCR/RFLP technique and the isolated strains were clustered: 32 strains belong to Gluconacetobacter xylinus group, two strains to Acetobacter pasteurianus group and one to Acetobacter aceti. 相似文献
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The enumeration and identification of acetic acid bacteria from South African red wine fermentations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acetic acid bacteria are microorganisms that can profoundly influence the quality of wine. Surprisingly, little research has been done on these microorganisms in the winemaking field. The object of this study was to investigate the occurrence of acetic acid bacteria in South African red wine fermentations and to identify the dominant species occurring. Acetic acid bacteria were isolated and enumerated from small-scale and commercial red must fermentations in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The initial occurrence of acetic acid bacteria in the must was shown to vary with cell numbers ranging from 10(6)-10(7) to 10(4)-10(5) cfu/ml for the 1998 and 1999 musts, respectively. The acetic acid bacteria decreased to 10(2)-10(3) cfu/ml in musts having a low pH (< or = 3.6), whereas in some musts having a high pH (> or = 3.7), the cell numbers increased during fermentation. During the process of cold soaking, the cell numbers of acetic acid bacteria also increased until inoculation with commercial wine yeast. Gluconobacter oxydans dominated in the fresh must and Acetobacter pasteurianus and A. liquefaciens during fermentation. This study showed that A. liquefaciens and A. hansenii were present in significant numbers, which has not been reported before. 相似文献
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为分析诺丽自然发酵汁中醋酸菌的多样性,丰富诺丽中醋酸菌种属信息,采用传统分离培养和16S rRNA基因序列分析相结合的方法,对诺丽自然发酵汁中的醋酸菌进行分离鉴定和发酵特性研究。结果表明,从不同发酵阶段诺丽自然发酵汁的67 个分离菌株中鉴定出了24 株醋酸菌,分别为Acetobacter fabarum(9 株)、Acetobacter syzygii(7 株)、Acetobacter pasteurianus(2 株)、Acetobacter tropicalis(1 株)、Acetobacter lambici(1 株)和Gluconobacter japonicus(4 株),其中A. syzygii和A. fabarum为诺丽自然发酵过程中的优势菌种。在发酵性能方面,A. tropicalis N21性能最优,产酸量可达28.92 g/L,在40 ℃高温中仍能良好生长且产酸量为14.85 g/L,乙醇体积分数为7%时,产酸量略有下降,但依然可达23.60 g/L,其耐高温和耐乙醇能力均高于其他菌株。 相似文献
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为了获得高产酸且条件耐受性较好的产酸微生物,采用纯培养方式对山西老陈醋醋酸发酵过程中的产酸微生物进行了分离纯化,共获得54株产酸菌。对分离得到的22株醋酸菌和32株乳酸菌进行了产酸能力测试及环境耐受性分析,筛选出的醋酸菌经菌落形态、菌体形态和16S rDNA序列分析法鉴定后为巴氏醋杆菌,产酸能力为(35.5±0.48)g/L,能耐受42℃高温、体积分数10%的乙醇和5.0 g/100mL的乙酸,且遗传性能较稳定;筛选出来的优势乳酸菌经鉴定后为戊糖片球菌,其产酸能力为(9.56±0.23)g/L,能耐受50℃高温和体积分数12%的乙醇。参与发酵的酿造微生物经过长期的高温、高酒精度和高酸驯化,分离得到功能菌种,具有耐受性好、致病率低等特点。 相似文献
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醋酸菌的分离纯化及初步鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以腐烂的水果为材料,通过富集、分离纯化、产酸鉴定、初筛、复筛、菌属鉴定等得到4株产酸较高菌株(8,13,15,16).对这4株优势菌株的形态、培养特征、生理生化特性的分析,鉴定为醋酸杆菌属.并且对上述产酸高菌株进行氧化乙醇能力试验,得出菌株在酒精含量为7%时产酸量最高. 相似文献