城市地下空间混合型植物工厂实践与评价

正利用北京市西城区某地下停车场,通过配备环境调控系统、LED人工光源系统、营养液循环系统、叶菜立体栽培系统、食用菌与芽苗菜栽培系统、计算机智能控制系统等,建立了混合型植物工厂,具有低碳节能的优势,可为城市地下空间植物工厂的设计、施工及商业化发展提供参考。     

宿根花卉在园林绿化中的应用

<正>宿根花卉是指植株的根部冬季宿存于土壤中,来年春季能够重新萌芽生长的多年生草本花卉。随着城市建设的快速发展,城市土地、水资源和生态环境等面临着巨大压力,矛盾日益突出,建设节约型城市园林绿化,是城市可持续性发展的生态基础,是我国城市园林绿化事业必须长期坚持的发展方向。通过科学的植物配置,增加地被种植量,适当降低草坪比例,合理种植宿根花卉,对于建设节约型城市园林绿化、美化城市环境,起着极其重要的作用。宿根花卉因其种类繁多,适应环境能力     

园林绿化与建筑节能

<正>当前,缓解大气的温室效应和降低城市的热岛效应,提倡节能减排,降低能量消耗,已经成为人们高度关注的热点。采用高新技术成果开发高效节能的建筑设备,应用可再生能源和清洁燃料能源(如太阳能、风能、沼气等),大力推广使用环保     

活体芽苗菜走俏神州大地

芽苗菜一直是人们餐桌上的佳肴 ,但多年来 ,芽苗菜的种类及其栽培技术却一直没有开拓性的进展。中国农科院蔬菜花卉所芽苗菜课题组经过潜心的研究和开发 ,利用高效节能型日光温室或工业用厂房等房舍作为生产场地 ,采用半封闭式 (基本与外界环境隔离 )、层架立体、苗盘纸床、无土营养液规范化集约栽培新模式 ,成功地生产了龙须豆苗 (豌豆苗 )、种芽香椿 (香椿苗 )、娃娃缨萝卜菜 (萝卜苗 )、芦丁甜荞 (荞麦苗 )、万寿果芽 (花生芽 )等新型芽苗菜 ,并将芽苗菜产品以处于正常生长状态的“活体”形式进行整盘销售。可即采即食 ,保证绝对新鲜。新…     

花卉立体栽培现状和发展趋势

随着立体栽培技术的快速发展,立体栽培模式已经在园艺植物中广泛应用,而花卉的立体栽培模式和技术才刚刚起步。就花卉立体栽培、现代立体栽培技术和立体栽培模式的现状及发展趋势进行阐述,以拓展立体栽培的范围,促进立体栽培的多样性,满足现代社会对绿化的需求;解决城市问题,拓展绿化空间,改善人居环境,增加环境的经济、生态、社会效益。     

物联网大数据助推寿光蔬菜产业上档升级

寿光蔬菜种植历史悠久,种植经验丰富,管理技术先进。近年来,寿光注意收集蔬菜种植模式及面积数据,蔬菜种植种类、周边交易市场及农资销售网点数据、合作社及新技术应用推广数据、蔬菜网点销售数据等各种数据,集中研究分析、预测不同蔬菜的种植面积、种植模式、生产季节、销售的区域及预期价格等。并把这些数据与蔬菜物联网结合应用到蔬菜产业中,减少了蔬菜种植的盲目性,推进水肥一体化进程,绿色无公害技术得到极大应用,实用性发明推广迅速,蔬菜病虫害诊断足不出棚即可快速完成,提高了寿光蔬菜的核心竞争力,推动了寿光蔬菜产业上档升级。     

温室花卉栽培中的病虫害预防措施

随着经济的快速发展,花卉在不断满足人们日常生活需求的同时,也得到了不断发展,花卉种类增多,并打破了季节制约,使得温室种植花卉得到快速推广。然而在温室中种植花卉时,因管理不到位等因素影响,导致许多病虫害的发生。本文基于温室中的特殊生态条件,分析了温室花卉种植的病虫害发病原因和特征等,并坚持"防重于治"的原则,从农业方法、物理方法、生物方法和化学方法等方面提出了综合性的防治策略,以确保温室花卉病虫害得到有效防治,以提升花卉的经济效益。     

广州市隧道立体绿化技术研究与应用

随着城市土地资源的日趋紧张,通过开展隧道立体绿化,充分利用城市空间,占地小而灵活,见效快,收效大,提升城市道路景观整体效果,弱化道路建构筑物的冷硬感。本文以广州市隧道种植毡式立体绿化应用示范为例,探索解决隧道绿墙的技术难题,为城市隧道立体绿化工作提供经验借鉴,促进和完善立体绿化技术的本土化、成熟化。     

基于公园城市理念下绿地时令花卉种植策略

公园城市建设理念的兴起,促进了城市绿地的建设和发展,通过引入新的绿化思路,不仅能够让城市绿地在美学与生态价值上达到平衡,还能改善城市生态环境、增加城市居民身心健康。为了让城市绿地塑造出更美好的景观,同时也为了促进城市绿化进程的发展,我们需要采取针对性的措施来适应不同季节的气候条件,在四季绿地上种植不同的时令花卉。从公园城市理念出发,以时令花卉种植整体思路为基础,对绿地时令花卉种植策略进行探究。研究结果表明:科学合理的时令花卉种植策略有助于提升城市绿地景观品质,增加城市景观的变化性,培养居民的环保意识,改善城市生态环境。     

花卉立体装饰的养护及园林应用

随着我国城市绿化技术的不断提高,花卉立体装饰的养护和园林应用也越来越广泛,它结合了色彩学和装饰学的原理,起到了绿化城市的作用,给人们一种视觉上的冲击。花卉立体装饰的应用顺应了时代的潮流,符合国家的发展状况。对花卉立体装饰的园林应用进行探讨,以供参考。     

清原县蔬菜保护地高效栽培存在问题及应对策略

近年来,随着蔬菜保护地高效栽培技术在农业领域的全面普及与推广,极大程度上实现了农业发展的科技化。文章分析了蔬菜保护地高效栽培的推广意义,并结合清原县蔬菜保护地高效栽培的发展现状及存在问题,有针对性、有目的性地提出一系列有助于优化和提升蔬菜保护地相关高效栽培技术的应对策略,深入推进栽培技术革新,加快补齐“三农”短板。     

渗灌节水技术在保护地蔬菜栽培中的应用研究

结合保护地渗灌栽培试验,介绍了渗灌节水技术在保护地蔬菜栽培中的优势和应用现状,提出了渗灌技术在保护地应用过程中存在的问题,并提出了解决当前存在的主要问题及建议.     

How China’s linked urban–rural construction land policy impacts rural landscape patterns: a simulation study in Tianjin,China

Context

To prevent the area of arable land from crossing the limit of 120 million ha arable land red line, China’s government proposed a linked urban–rural construction land policy. This policy helps to protect the arable land but will impact the rural landscape.

Objective

The objective is to evaluate the effect of the linked urban–rural construction land policy on rural landscape in the future.

Methods

We performed a simulation method to predict the rural landscape pattern changes in Tianjin during 2005–2020 using a cellular automata and multi-agent system model under the scenarios with or without implementing this policy. The landscape metrics were calculated for both scenarios to find the effects caused by this policy.

Results

Following this policy, the Total Area and Large Patch Index of arable land decreased slowly. 65.50% of the occupied arable land can be compensated. For rural settlements, the Mean Patch Area increased to 2.87 times that in 2005. Number of Patches reduced greatly, and 1053 of the total rural settlements distributed along the periphery of Tianjin were reclaimed for arable land during 2005–2020. Aggregation Index increased greatly.

Conclusions

According to the simulation model, the policy is effective on slowing down the loss of total arable land and the process of large arable land fragmentation. The increasing degree of aggregation of rural settlements is beneficial to the optimal allocation of resources and rural centralized management. However, as the rural settlements gather to urban construction land, they are more vulnerable to urban issues.

     

不同厚皮甜瓜品种基质栽培研究

为筛选适合东南沿海地区有机基质栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种,引进5个甜瓜品种,研究其基质栽培的生育期、植株长势、净光合速率、产量和品质。结果表明,5个厚皮甜瓜品种在基质栽培条件下生长良好,果实发育期46～63d,净光合速率19.4～23.3μmol/m2·s,667m2产量1396.8～1922.4kg,品质佳,适合在东南沿海地区种植。     

日光温室草莓套种甘薯高效栽培技术

摘要：为助力现代都市农业发展，吸引市民采摘，丰富昌平草莓的种植结构，提高日光温室土地利用效率、实现全年可采摘，增加种植户种植效益，结合草莓种植环境特点，通过试验示范，推广了日光温室草莓套种甘薯高效栽培模式，于3月上中旬套种，6月下旬至7月上中旬陆续收获甘薯。模式省工、高效，延长了日光温室作物采收时间，增加了复种指数，吸收了土壤中残余的养分。通过合理的茬口安排、适宜的品种选择、病虫害防控等措施的综合应用，667 m2收益可提高10 750～15 750元。     

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural fires in the central United States in relation to land cover and land use

Agricultural burning is an important land use practice in the central U.S. but has received little attention in the literature, whereas most of the focus has been on wildfires in forested areas. Given the effects that agricultural burning can have on biodiversity and emissions of greenhouse gasses, there is a need to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of fire in agricultural landscapes of the central U.S. Three years (2006?C2008) of the MODIS 1?km daily active fire product generated from the MODIS Terra and Aqua satellite data were used. The 2007 Cropland Data Layer developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture was used to examine fire distribution by land cover/land use (LCLU) type. Global ordinary least square (OLS) models and local geographically weighted regression (GWR) analyses were used to explore spatial variability in relationships between fire detection density and LCLU classes. The monthly total number of fire detections peaked in April and the density of fire detections (number of fires/km²/3?years) was generally higher in areas dominated by agriculture than areas dominated by forest. Fire seasonality varied among areas dominated by different types of agriculture and land use. The effects of LCLU classes on fire detection density varied spatially, with grassland being the primary correlate of fire detection density in eastern Kansas; whereas wheat cropping was important in central Kansas, northeast North Dakota, and northwest Minnesota.     

贵州省退耕还林工程背景下的土地生产潜力评价

以我国西南喀斯特地区中心地带的贵州省为研究对象,通过建立灰色预测模型和时间序列预测模型,并将2007年和2008年的土地实际生产能力与土地预测生产能力进行精度检验,对贵州省2020年土地生产潜力进行综合预测。在此基础上,考虑温饱、小康及相对富裕3种生活类型所需的营养标准,对贵州省在退耕还林工程背号下的土地生产潜力进行评价。并针对评价结果,提出贵州省在退耕还林工程背景下实现土地可持续利用的相关建议。     

Ownership and soil quality as sources of agricultural land fragmentation in highly fragmented ownership patterns

The relation between landscape structure and its drivers is a central issue in studies of landscape ecology. However, agricultural land fragmentation is dealt with in only a few such studies. We have investigated the effects of ownership and soil quality on agricultural land fragmentation in the highly fragmented ownership patterns that characterize some of the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Using patch-scale spatial data generated from GIS, Minimal Adequate Models, based on ANOVA, were performed to test for the effects of ownership and soil quality patterns on arable land and grassland fragmentation across 483 study areas. The results show that there are important differences in the predictors of fragmentation between arable land and grassland. Grassland fragmentation was found to be associated particularly with ownership fragmentation, whereas arable land fragmentation tended to be driven mainly by soil conditions. A higher proportion of public ownership supports the more frequent appearance of larger patches. We found a significantly positive relationship between natural soil fertility and arable land fragmentation, while there was a strongly negative relationship between natural soil fertility and grassland fragmentation. Soil quality diversity was observed to be the most important driver affecting arable land fragmentation, but only a non-significant driver of grassland fragmentation. The study provides arguments for intervention aimed at reducing the huge differences between the levels of land-ownership and the land-use fragmentation.     

菏泽市樱桃番茄日光温室栽培关键技术

为了充分发挥樱桃番茄观赏性强、营养价值高、菜果兼宜且经济效益突出的特点,满足广大消费者和种植户的热切需求,积极开展新品种选育、深入研究高效栽培管理技术具有重要的现实意义。在栽培面积不断增加、产量及品质出现瓶颈的情况下,对菏泽市多个樱桃番茄大棚种植园进行了实地调研,从品种选择、播种、培育壮苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、果实采收等方面归纳总结出了菏泽市樱桃番茄日光温室栽培关键技术,以期为当地种植户实现促产增收提供依据。     

中国北方地区羊肚菌暖棚人工栽培实践

在中国北方大同、朔州、晋中等地,利用暖棚设施进行羊肚菌人工栽培实践。从暖棚设施、菌种制备、整地播种、栽培管理、病虫害防护、采收等环节总结并分析暖棚栽培羊肚菌的主要技术措施和要点,为北方地区羊肚菌人工栽培和推广提供参考。