我国制造业企业运营能力与经济绩效的研究

构建不同企业和行业的质量管理体系、运营能力和经济绩效指标,基于我国10类制造业行业2011-2015年的面板数据和2002-2015年获得"全国质量奖"的30家企业面板数据,运用随机边界分析对上述行业的成本效率及其影响因素进行了实证研究,使用数据包络分析对获奖企业的相关效率值进行分析和评价。发现不同行业成本效率差异较大,且随时间变化没有显著波动。获得质量管理体系认定的企业并不一定拥有较高的技术效率,这些企业的平均规模效率和综合效率逐年上升而纯技术效率比较稳定;从效率值评价的角度出发论证了企业不仅需要建立完善的质量管理体系,也应当提高运营能力来获得更好的经济绩效。     

基于SFA的区域文化事业投入效率政策影响因素研究

使用2005-2012年全国30个省市的面板数据,运用随机前沿分析(SFA)模型分析了各地区文化事业投入技术效率水平情况。采用超越对数生产函数测算了我国区域文化产业技术效率水平与相关生产要素的关系模型。通过技术无效率方程考察了区域文化事业投入效率的政策影响因素。结果表明,对于文化事业投入效率,区域经济发展水平、科技水平有显著的正向影响,而文化事业费占财政支出比重及人均文化事业费分别形成了正向和负向的影响。尽管文化产业发展战略的实施提升了各地区地方文化事业投入技术效率,各地区的文化产业发展战略的差异化并没有在文化事业的技术效率得以体现。     

社会资本、知识管理能力和核心能力关系研究

在文献回顾的基础上,研究提出了社会资本、知识管理能力和核心能力之间关系的假设模型,并通过对浙江省82家高新技术企业的问卷调查验证这一模型。研究结果表明：高新技术企业结构资本、关系资本以及认知资本对知识管理能力均产生了显著的正向影响;高新技术企业知识管理能力在结构资本和核心能力、认知资本和核心能力之间起到了完全中介作用;高新技术企业关系资本不仅直接影响核心能力,还通过知识管理能力间接影响核心能力。     

广东高校科技资源投入产出效率研究

应用数据包络分析法（DEA）,根据广东省2000年～2009年的科技年鉴数据对广东省高等教育的科技资源投入和产出进行了评价和分析。结果表明：1999～2007年广东高校科技资源投入产出效率整体状况良好;但也存在DEA有效与非有效年份;不同产出指标的效率水平存在差异且变化趋势不同;各年度纯技术效率普遍高于其规模效率;在非有效年份增加科技资源投入有利于提高高等院校的科技创新效率。     

浅析排水管材的现状及对水质的影响

因管材对水质有着直接的影响,且国内近几年对管道的质量要求越来越严,对管材及配件技术的发展相当重视,并投入大量的资金进行开发和研究工作。通过对排水管材的现状对水质的影响进行分析探讨,提出几点建议。     

数控车床加工刀具的优化改进探析

数控车床与普通车床相比较,其加工效率更高,且质量具有可控性,能够确保产品生产质量。然而,在加工过程中,其精确度也不可避免地会受到刀具的影响,导致工件质量不合规,增加了资本投入。因此,就需要对加工刀具进行优化与改进,以提升数控车床的加工精度与加工质量。     

基于DEA模型的广东省级工程中心技术效率研究

以广东21个城市为决策单元,选用数据包络分析（DEA）中的C2R和BC2模型,评价分析2008年广东省级工程中心技术效率情况。研究表明：全省省级工程中心技术效率总体水平偏低,但珠三角地区相对比较高;纯技术非有效问题比较严重,规模非有效问题非常突出;纯技术效率对技术效率有显著影响;16个无效城市的省级工程中心资源投入冗余比较大,产出不足问题比较突出,尤其是专利授权数。提出了制定省级工程中心发展规划、转变研发重点、实施标杆管理等提升省级工程中心技术效率的政策建议。     

上市公司冷链业务经营效率研究——基于16家上市公司的DEA模型分析

基于16家以冷链物流相关业务为主的上市公司2016—2019年间的企业经营数据,选取主营业务成本、研发投入、研发人员占比、固定资产投入为投入指标,主营业务收入、净利润为产出指标,从综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率与投入产出情况4个角度,对样本企业的实际经营状况进行DEA模型分析。研究结果表明：技术水平是影响企业经营效率的关键因素,其次是管理方式与企业经营规模。最后指出了样本企业普遍存在的经营问题,并提出了改善经营效率的综合建议。     

高新技术企业科技研发投入与新产品创新绩效——基于面板数据的比较研究

基于国内外相关研究成果,通过选取2005-2009年我国27个省市自治区高新技术企业的相关数据,以CD生产函数为基础建立面板数据模型,对我国各地区高新技术企业研发投入与新产品创新绩效的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:①研发投入与新产品创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系;②从长期的角度对我国不同区域高新技术企业研发投入与绩效水平对比研究发现,我国东部地区高新技术企业中的R&D人员得到了充分的利用,而中西部地区的人才不论从数量还是质量上都亟待提高;③从我国高新技术企业研发投入对绩效水平的短期影响研究发现,R&D资本投入增加值具有滞后性,在创新过程中需要增加当年的R&D人员投入,相对减少R&D资本投入,从而实现创新的总体效益最大化。     

组织内社会交换关系与工作投入:心理资本的中介效应

选取中国多家企业317名员工为研究对象,运用问卷调查和分层回归分析方法对两种组织内社会交换关系———组织支持感和领导成员交换、心理资本和工作投入的关系进行了探讨。结果显示组织支持感和领导成员交换都对心理资本和工作投入有积极预测作用,心理资本对工作投入有积极预测作用,进一步的研究发现组织支持感和领导成员交换都通过心理资本的部分中介对工作投入有积极预测作用。     

包装行业上市公司技术创新对经营绩效影响的实证研究

包装行业的发展和资源利用与环境保护高度相关,而包装企业的技术创新直接关乎我国包装行业的转型与可持续发展。以包装行业26家上市公司2016—2020年的数据为样本,分别使用综合技术效率与托宾Q值来衡量包装行业上市公司的技术创新和经营绩效,然后利用DEA方法中的基于投入导向的BCC模型测度2016—2020年包装行业上市公司的综合技术效率;并基于随机效应模型,实证分析包装行业上市公司技术创新对其经营绩效的影响。研究结果表明：包装行业上市公司近年来的综合技术创新效率呈缓慢上扬之势,但总体水平仍偏低;当期、滞后1期及滞后2期的综合技术效率与托宾Q值的相关性为不确定,而滞后3期的综合技术效率对托宾Q值存在稳定的正向影响。这说明包装行业上市公司技术创新促进其经营绩效的提升有明显的滞后性,相关主体必须着眼长远、主动施策。     

A quantitative investigation of the technological innovation in large construction companies

The construction industry is considered as backwards and lack of innovation. The main driving power of technological innovation in the construction industry is large construction companies. However, the driving process of technological innovation in them has not been fully investigated in previous studies. This study constructs a quantitative model to explore the technological innovation driving process of large construction companies considering the key influencing factors for technological innovation. The sample data are the 57 large construction companies selected from the world's largest construction market – China. The results show significant positive correlation between innovation input and innovation output, and between innovation output and performance. The operational capacity of the companies is positively correlated with innovation input, whilst the capital structure is negatively correlated with innovation input. The technical employees have a positive impact on the performance. The underlying reasons are discussed and suggestions are given for the construction industry to improve the technological innovation capacity of construction companies. This research contributes to the literature of construction innovation and benefits practitioners by providing a quantitative approach to demonstrate the driving power of large construction companies for technological innovation.     

Contextual and mediation analysis between TQM critical factors and organisational results in the EFQM Excellence Model framework

Following a total quality management (TQM) approach and the EFQM Model framework, this contribution aims to study the influence of TQM social factors on organisational results, by considering the TQM technical factors as a mediating variable in this relationship. Moreover, the effect of size and type of business on the implementation of TQM and results is analysed, as well as determining which TQM practices have a more important effect on the operational results. The research questions and hypotheses proposed in this research model are tested on a sample of 116 Spanish firms. The results support the reliability, validity and the high-predictive power of the EFQM Excellence Model as a framework for the implementation of TQM. Moreover, our findings indicate that TQM social factors provide a cornerstone for the success of the quality system. Similarly, TQM technical factors partially mediate the relationship between TQM social factors and results. It was also found that TQM social factors and processes management are the main predictors of operational performance. Finally, significant differences were found in TQM implementation, and in the key results of companies, based on their size; however, these differences are not significant based on the sector activity.     

In the eye of the storm: exploring the introduction of environmental issues in the production function in Brazilian companies

This article aims to analyse the introduction of environmental issues in the context of the production function, which has been referred to as the organisational area to lead corporate environmental management. With that purpose, the theoretical references for corporate environmental management and the necessary alterations in production function have been organised to include environmental aspects, especially in terms of product and process development, quality management, and logistics. Considering that this research field still lacks empirical evidence for Brazilian companies, four case studies were conducted using companies located in the country. The environmental management maturity level of those companies tends to follow the rate with which the environmental issue is introduced in production sub-areas, especially in the product development process. However, in most cases we found that the companies had difficulties in structuring the insertion of the environmental dimension in logistics. The final notes point out the distance observed between what is recommended by international literature and the reality of Brazilian companies in the challenge of making the production function environmentally friendly.     

The effect of ISO 9000 implementation on flow management

This study proposes an innovative flow management system that includes product (product and logistics) and process (human, information and decision) flow management. We identify three levels of ISO 9000 implementation (basic, advanced and supportive) as enablers, and operational performance as the outcome. The model was tested using the data-set collected from 133 ISO 9001 certified manufacturing companies in Australia. The results show that advanced implementation is positively related to both product and process flow management; supportive implementation is only positively related to process flow management while basic implementation has no significant effect on either product or process flow management. The results also show that both product and process flow management are positively related to operational performance. This study provides managerial guidelines for companies that wish to improve their innovation capabilities through ISO 9000 implementation and flow management. It also contributes to the ISO 9000 and flow management literature.     

基于DEA-Tobit的创新型医药生物企业创新效率

利用DEA-Tobit两步法对中小板上市的创新型医药生物企业先测算了创新效率,进一步探讨了创新支持政策对创新效率的影响。实证研究表明,大部分企业技术效率不高,纯技术效率有提高,规模效率未达到有效;高强度的政府补贴提高了企业的纯技术效率;税费返还则对纯技术效率有负向影响;创新平台显著提高了技术效率和规模效率。     

A literature review on performance measures of logistics management: an intellectual capital perspective

Today, logistics management requires a comprehensive set of performance indicators that measure both tangible assets and intellectual capital (IC) of organisations. Nevertheless, most of the measures used in the past mainly related to the financial aspect, although some specific components of IC, such as process efficiency and effectiveness, have been considered. Logistics literature lacks a comprehensive consideration of the diverse IC measures, and it is unclear which area of IC requires more focus and development. Therefore, to explore and identify an opportunity for improvement, this study reviews the academic literature related to IC measures in logistics management. This literature review considers 111 academic articles published between 1994 and 2016. Following the six dimensions of the IC-Index, all indicators obtained from the literature are classified according to IC elements. The key contribution of this review is that it addresses the following gaps in the literature: the limited adoption of comprehensive IC methods in logistics studies; underdevelopment of specific indicators and measures used; failure to consider all human capital as well as renewal and development elements; and, finally, lack of academic research considering the influences among the different IC elements and logistics and financial performance.     

我国物流企业效率与效率持续性评价的实证

通过运用超效率方法对处在前沿上的物流企业进行排序和效率对比,分析了我国上市物流企业的效率变化情况;通过计算马姆奎斯特TFP指数,评价了上市物流企业效率的持续性,分析了其效率的动态变化趋势。经实证研究,得出目前我国上市物流企业效率较低,技术进步贡献率大于规模效率贡献率,从而认为物流企业在追求规模扩张的同时要增加技术投入。     

主机厂零部件JIT供应物流规划与应用

为了解决主机厂供应物流交付不及时、卸货位忙闲不均、物流费用不透明、运输效率和服务水平低、管理不可控的现状问题,应用“5W3H”和问卷调查法提出了A车型发动机和变速箱供应物流采用取货制的解决方法。建立了基于平准化、准时化的物流和信息流模型,基于三流合一建立了物流、信息流和资金流作业流程。通过规划方案在试点改善中的应用,使配送中心库存由10 d降为3 d,运输车辆由16台减为8台,每年降低运输费用1 000万元。结果表明该研究成果对于企业提升物流管理水平、降低供应链物流成本和增强整体竞争力具有指导作用。