6种中草药水提物对黄瓜黑星病菌抑菌活性的室内筛选

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了地肤子、丹皮、落地生根等6种水提物对引起黄瓜黑星病的黑星病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的作用.结果表明:6种水提物对黑星病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,且对孢子萌发的抑制活性好于对其菌丝生长的抑制活性.地肤子和丹皮水提物抑菌活性较好,对菌丝生长的EC50值分别为8.95、11.58 g/L,对孢子萌发的EC50值分别为2.09、16.21 g/L.     

仁用杏叶及中草药提取液对黄瓜黑星病菌的抑制作用及对黄瓜植株酶活性的影响

[目的]探索仁用杏叶及中草药植物源提取液对黄瓜黑星病的抑制效果。[方法]选择仁用杏叶及中草药提取液,以黄瓜主栽品种津绿3号为材料,通过盆栽试验对黄瓜黑星病预防效果进行研究。[结果]中草药制剂(黄柏、金银花、丁香、荷叶提取液混配)、仁用杏叶提取液和黄柏叶提取液3种植物提取液对黑星病菌都有一定抑制作用,仁用杏叶提取液效果最显著,该处理对黄瓜黑星病菌的抑制效果达22.83%。黄瓜植株遭受黑星病原菌侵害后,施用仁用杏叶及中草药植物源提取液的黄瓜植株中抗氧化酶(POD和SOD)活性上升,黄瓜植株对黑星病菌抵抗能力增强。     

几种不同药剂防治梨黑星病田间药效试验

梨黑星病 (VenturiapyrinaAderh)是梨树上的重要病害。近几年来在我省的广大梨产区发生和危害严重 ,严重影响了我省梨产业的发展 ,给广大梨农造成了严重的经济损失。因此 ,为筛选防治该病的新型高效、低毒杀菌剂 ,控制梨黑星病的危害 ,我们进行了 10 %世高WG、30 %特富灵WP、12 .5 %腈菌唑EC、10 %农抗 12 0WP等国内外几种不同杀菌剂防治梨黑星病的田间药效试验 ,为果树生产上科学合理地使用杀菌剂提供依据。1　材料与方法1.1　供试药剂10 %世高WG (有效成分 :醚唑 ,先正达 (中国 )投资有限公司提供 ) ;12 .5 %腈菌唑EC(沈阳化工研…     

松茸10 L发酵罐发酵工艺条件的研究

本论文在摇瓶发酵条件优化的基础上,对松茸菌CGMCC5.793 10 L发酵罐发酵工艺条件进行系统研究与优化。得到10 L发酵罐最佳发酵条件:装罐7 L,接种量5%,温度26℃,pH自然、转速250 rpm,通气量0.5 m3/h,消泡剂:豆油,接种后24,48 h,各加一次,每次2‰。菌种种龄为3 d,活力要好,菌液应混悬不分层。在最佳条件下进行发酵,得到的最高菌丝干重为20.747 g/L,发酵时间缩短为4天,菌丝粘壁现象也得到改善。     

腈菌唑等药剂防治梨黑星病

梨黑星病(VenturiapirinaAderh)是南方梨树上的主要病害,常造成早期大量落叶、结果,对树势及梨产量和品质的影响大.为寻找高效、低毒、安全的防治药剂,1999年我们在梨树上进行了腈菌唑、世高、霉能灵、特普唑等杀菌剂防治梨黑星病的对比试验,结果如下.     

香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的研究

以菌丝球数量、菌丝球大小、菌丝体生物量及胞内多糖含量为评价指标,筛选香菇发酵的液体种子培养基和发酵培养基,考察了不同补糖方式对香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的影响。结果表明,适合香菇发酵的液体种子培养基和发酵培养基(g·L-1)为:葡萄糖10,酵母浸粉20,玉米粉15,磷酸二氢钾0.3,硫酸镁0.15,维生素B10.02。在香菇摇瓶补料分批发酵的第6d和第9d分别补加0.25%葡萄糖,香菇菌丝体生物量达到约847mg·(100mL)-1,胞内多糖含量达到约173mg·(100mL)-1,较不加糖时分别增加了约21.79%和34.29%。补料分批发酵能够提高香菇菌丝体生物量和胞内多糖含量,为香菇多糖大规模工业化生产奠定了基础。     

秦岭链霉菌发酵产物的抗菌活性

离体试验结果表明:质量浓度为2 000 mg/L时,秦岭链霉菌发酵产物对玉米大斑病菌、小麦根腐病菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为100%、80.39%;对枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为24、23 mm.盆栽试验表明:在6000 mg/L下,对小麦白粉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的保护效果分别为76.1%、63.9%和61.1%.治疗效果分别为70.8%、59.7%和66.9%.田问试验结果表明:在10000 mg/L下,小麦白粉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌和番茄灰霉病菌防治效果分别为52.73%、64.98%和74.95%.     

复合杀菌剂福美硫磺通过鉴定

天津市化工局于1979年10月16日至17日主持鉴定了天津市农药厂研制的福美硫磺复合杀菌剂。 50％福美硫磺可湿性粉剂,其中福美锌占有效成份的30％,硫磺粉占20％,是一种高效低毒的复合杀菌剂。通过二年各地小区和大田药效试验示范证明:该药使用浓度为500倍液时,对黄瓜、大白菜霜霉病,黄瓜、小麦和苹果白粉病.棉花苗期病害,梨黑星病,西瓜炭     

茶皂素与甲霜灵混配对黄瓜疫病菌的增效作用

采用菌丝生长速率法与共毒系数法测定了茶皂素、甲霜灵及其混剂对黄瓜疫病菌的室内毒力以及增效比率(SR),同时测定了混剂对黄瓜疫病田间小区接种防治效果.结果表明:茶皂素与甲霜灵有效成分质量比为4:6和3:7时对病菌菌丝具有较强的抑制作用,SR分别为2.53和1.76,为显著增效作用,且茶皂素与甲霜灵混剂(4:6)对黄瓜疫病田间小区接种防治效果显著优于2种单剂及对照药剂.     

难培养珍稀真菌松茸DNA鉴定菌体人工繁殖的研究

经DNA亲菌鉴定确认供试松茸纯培养菌丝体菌种,以松茸分离培养常用的 3 种培养基为基准,改良设计10种培养配方,研究比较了松茸在固、液培养条件下的菌体繁殖状况。结果表明:松茸菌丝体在三角瓶固体平板上 22℃静置培养,形成典型的草帽形菌落,且在 BM培养基上生长较快,培养 52 d 的菌落直径达到 3 1 cm,平均生长速度0 4 mm·d-1。以PDA培养基为基础,添加VB1 不仅有利于接种块的菌丝体萌动,而且对生长有促进作用;添加菠萝汁比用柠檬酸调酸更有利于菌丝体增殖,而用盐酸调酸效果最差。松茸菌丝体在改良的 PDA综合培养基上生长最快,培养 48 d 的菌落直径达到 4 1 cm,平均生长速度 0 48 mm·d-1。把松茸菌种接于摇瓶液体培养基中,在 22℃、150 r·min-1 条件下振荡培养 30 d,形成数目、大小不一的菌丝球,以在浜田培养基中收获菌体生物量最多,达到8 12 g·L-1。从菌种的遗传习性及其试验设计的培养条件等角度出发,讨论了国内外松茸同类培养研究的发展方向。     

Growth promotive conditions for enhanced eritadenine production during submerged cultivation of Lentinus edodes

BACKGROUND: Mycelium of the medicinal mushroom shiitake, Lentinus edodes, is a potential source for production of the blood cholesterol reducing compound eritadenine. To increase the mycelial biomass and in turn the production of eritadenine, a potential growth promoting substance in the form of a water extract of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was added to the culture media. RESULTS: The hot water extract of DDGS was shown to considerably increase the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations; the mycelial yield was 2–3 times higher than in the control, and the highest final biomass concentration obtained was 3.4 g L^?1. Further, by using shake flask cultures as inoculums the bioreactor cultivation time could be reduced by 1 week for some of the experiments. The highest final titer of eritadenine in the present study was 25.1 mg L^?1, which was about 2 times higher than in the control, and was also obtained when a water extract of DDGS was added to the culture medium. CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that a water extract of DDGS promoted the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations, along with enhanced eritadenine production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

A study of mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production from a submerged culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii</Emphasis> in an air-lift bioreactor

We determined the optimal culture and medium conditions for effective production of mycelial mass and exopolysaccharide from a liquid culture of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii in an air-lift bioreactor. The mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were found to be optimal at a temperature of 25 °C and pH of 6.5. When 60 g/L of lactose was used as a carbon source, the maximum mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were obtained. The polypeptone and yeast extract were the most appropriate nitrogen sources for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production. In addition, when a mixture of 20 g/L of polypeptone and 5 g/L of yeast extract was used, the exopolysaccharide production increased 50% compared to that of the sole nitrogen source. CaCl₂·2H₂O (1.0 g/L) was the most effective mineral source. Using the optimal culture and medium conditions, batch cultures with basal and designed medium on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production in a 5 L air-lift bioreactor were carried out for 16 days. The mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production increased with an increase of culture time at 14 days, and the maximum mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were 20.3 and 6.2 g/L, respectively, after 14 days of culture. The developed model in an air-lift bioreactor showed good agreement with experimental data. These results indicate that exopolysaccharide production is associated with the mycelial growth of M. aitchisonii in an air-lift bioreactor.     

Studies on cultivation and biological activities ofPleurotus nebrodensis inzenga

Environmental factors affecting mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production fromPleurotus nebrodensis Inzenga (PN) and biological activities of PN extractsin vitro were studied. The culture conditions for effective mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production were found to be 25 ‡C, 5% of inoculum size, and an initial pH from 6.5 to 7.0. When 5% of glucose was used, the maximum mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide concentrations were 8.3 and 3.07 g/L, respectively. Among the various nitrogen sources, the mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production were very strong when polypeptone was used. In the case of the minerals sources, K₂HPO₄ and MgSO₄·7H₂O were found to best support for mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production. Under optimal conditions and methods, the maximum mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production were obtained after 10 days of culture, 12.84 and 4.85 g/L, respectively, in a jar fermentor. The effects of the PN extracts on the viability of three human cancer cell lines and antioxidant activity were investigatedin vitro. When cancer cells of the lung (A549), cervical region (HeLa) and colon (KM12C) were incubated at 6 mg/mL of the PN ethanol extracts, the viabilities of the HeLa and KM12C cells were slightly decreased. However, the growth of the A549 cells was remarkably inhibited when the PN ethanol extract was over 4 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity showed 46.2% at 40 μL, which was about 3.2 fold higher than that of the PN methanol extract.     

Identification and production of n−8 odd-numbered polyunsaturated fatty acids by a Δ12 desaturation-defective mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4

A mutant of Mortierella alpina, JT-180, which is defective in its delta12 desaturase activity but exhibits enhanced activities of delta5 and delta6 desaturases, produced a high proportion (up to 80%) of odd-chain FA when grown on 3% n-heptadecane. Following growth of the mutant on n-heptadecane, three unusual odd-chain fatty acyl residues were identified as 6,9-heptadecadienoic acid (17:2), 8,11 -nonadecadienoic acid (19:2), and 5,8,11-nonadecatrienoic acid (19:3) by means of GC-MS, MS-MS, and NMR analyses. The mycelial contents of these FA reached 20.3, 3.6, and 5.8 mg/g dry mycelia, respectively, when it was cultivated in medium comprising 4% (vol/vol) n-heptadecane and 1% (wt/vol) yeast extract, pH 6.0, at 28 degrees C for 7 d. The biosynthetic route (n-8 route) to 19:3 was presumed to mimic the n-9 route to Mead acid (20:3n-9) in mammals: 17:0 --> 9-17:1 --> 6,9-17:2 --> 8,11-19:2 --> 5,8,11-19:3.     

Microbial conversion of palmitoleic acid to 9,12-hexadecadienoic acid (16:2ω4) by Trichoderma sp. AM076

Trichoderma sp. AM076, isolated from a freshwater sample, was found to accumulate 9,12-cis-hexadecadienoic acid (16:2ω4), when grown with palmitoleic acid (16: 1ω7). Methyl myristate was the best carbon source for the conversion of palmitoleic acid to 16:2ω4. The mycelial 16:2ω4 content reached 17.4 mg/g dry mycelia (443 mg/L) when the fungus was grown in a medium that contained 2.0% methyl myristate, 1.5% yeast extract, and 2.0% methyl palmitoleate, pH 6.0, for 5 d at 28°C with shaking. In both nonpolar and polar lipids from the mycelia, 16:2ω4 was detected as one of the major fatty acids when 16:1ω7 was added. It is probable that 16:1ω7 is converted to 16:2ω4 through the Δ12 desaturation reaction.     

在气升内环流反应器中云芝悬浮培养发酵液的流变行为

<正>云芝是一种名贵的药用真菌。探索运用生物反应器对其菌丝体进行液体悬浮培养实现其工业化生产,对开拓云芝资源意义重大。液体悬浮培养时,其发酵液的流变特性不仅决定反应器里多相非牛顿体系的流体动力学,还关系到细胞的生长、形态及代谢过程,这种相互影响与制约将关系到生物反应器的选型、结构设计、放大规律和操作优化     

微波辅助提取马蹄皮总黄酮的工艺研究

探讨了微波辅助提取马蹄皮总黄酮的工艺条件。采用分光光度法测定马蹄皮总黄酮的含量,在单因素实验的基础上确定微波辅助提取马蹄皮总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率300 W,微波辐射时间5 m in,乙醇浓度40%,料液比1∶25。在最佳工艺条件下,马蹄皮总黄酮提取率达1.31%,比相同条件下普通浸提法提取2 h的提取率提高12.93%。微波辅助提取马蹄皮总黄酮是一种快速高效的新方法。     

Production of eicosapentaenoic acid byMortierella fungi

Mycelia of arachidonic acid-producing fungi belonging to the genusMortierella were found to be rich sources of 5,8,11,14,17-cis-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Production of EPA by these fungi was observed only when they were grown at low temperature (6–16 C). EPA comprised 5–20% of the total extractable mycelial fatty acids in most strains tested. No significant accumulation of EPA was observed on incubation at high temperature (20–28 C), at which the other major mycelial C-20 fatty acid, arachidonic acid, was still efficiently produced. In a study on the optimization of the culture conditions for EPA production by a selected fungiM. alpina 20–17, a medium containing glucose and yeast extract as major carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, was found to be suitable. Periodic feeding of glucose during growth of the fungus and cultivation at high temperature (20 C) during the early growth phase followed by temperature shift to 12 C were found to be effective at increasing mycelial yield and reducing cultural period, respectively. Under the optimal culture conditions, the EPA production reached 0.49 mg/ml of culture broth (29 mg/g dry mycelia). This value accounted for 13.5% of the total fatty acids in the extracted lipids. Other major fatty acids in the lipids were palmitic acid (6.0%, by weight), stearic acid (5.3), oleic acid (6.2), linoleic acid (3.0), γ-linolenic acid (3.5) and arachidonic acid (60.0). On leave from Suntory Ltd.     

膜工艺提取猫豆左旋多巴的研究

针对传统工艺存在的收率低、有毒试剂用量大、污染严重等问题,研究了膜技术在猫豆左旋多巴提取中的应用,考察了各级膜工作过程及分离效果,探讨了膜技术工艺可行性.结果表明,猫豆提取液经过膜技术除杂、分离、浓缩三级膜过程,左旋多巴收率由传统工艺的50%提高至77.98%、纯度达到99.72%,超过国家药用要求,达到欧洲标准水平,...     

紫茎泽兰类黄酮提取工艺的比较与除臭测试

本实验比较了紫茎泽兰中类黄酮化合物的提取工艺,以类黄酮的得率为考察指标,考察分别以碱性水、50%乙醇溶液,95%乙醇溶液作为提取剂对类黄酮化合物得率的影响。结果表明,用50%乙醇溶液提取时提取率最高,类黄酮化合物得率达到2.743%,经嗅觉强度法测试表明,提取液具有一定的除臭效果。