含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能

文中以含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构化合物4,4’-双(氧基(1,4-苯撑))-双二氮杂萘-1(2H)酮-二苯醚(OBDHPZ)为类双酚单体,与4,4’-二氟二苯砜(DFS)和2,6’-二氟苯腈(DFBN)进行高温溶液缩聚反应,通过调节聚合物分子主链中砜基和氰基等的含量,合成了一系列不同腈砜比的含醚键双二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚腈砜树脂(PBPENS),其N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液在25℃的特性黏度为0.63～0.90 dL/g。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射仪表征了所合成聚芳醚腈砜的结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热失重分析仪分析了该类聚芳醚腈砜的热性能,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)在322～325℃,5%热失重温度(T_d5%)在485～500℃。该类聚合物在常温时可溶解于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、氯仿等极性非质子有机溶剂;采用溶液浇筑法制备了含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度可以达到56～65 MPa。     

含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构高性能工程塑料研究进展

介绍了含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚砜酮、聚芳醚腈砜酮以及同时还含芳基均三嗪环结构聚芳醚三大系列新型高性能工程塑料的合成与性能及其在高性能树脂基复合材料、绝缘漆、漆包线、功能涂料以及耐高温功能膜等领域的研究进展。从分子结构设计出发,研制成功具有扭曲、非平面结构特点的含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构新型单体,进而与双卤单体经亲核取代逐步聚合反应合成了多系列含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构新型聚芳醚类高性能工程塑料,既耐高温又可溶解,解决了传统高性能工程塑料不能兼具耐高温可溶解的技术难题。其玻璃化转变温度达250～375℃,5%热失重起始温度均高于500℃;可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺以及氯仿等几种有机溶剂;综合性能优异,尤其是在高温下依然保持优异的综合性能;可多种方式加工,不仅可采用模压、挤出、注射等热成型加工,还可采用溶液方式加工应用;广泛应用于航空航天、核能、电子电气等高技术领域和国民经济众多行业部门。     

甲基取代杂萘联苯型聚芳醚的合成、表征及性能

以自制的新型甲基取代类双酚 4 - ( 3-甲基 - 4 -羟基苯基 ) - 2 - 3-二氮杂萘 - 1-酮 ( OM- HPPZ)为单体与4 ,4′-二氟二苯酮、4 ,4′-二氯二苯砜进行亲核缩聚反应 ,制得了一类新型甲基取代聚芳醚酮、聚芳醚砜及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮树脂。在适宜的聚合条件下 ,获得了高分子量的聚合物 ,聚醚酮的特性粘度可达0 .70× 10 2 m L/ g;通过调节砜酮比例 ( S/ K)可获得不同分子量、不同玻璃化温度的共聚物 ( PPESK)。利用 DSC、TGA研究了聚合物的耐热性能 ,结果表明 ,新型聚芳醚玻璃化温度高 ( 2 5 2℃～ 2 90℃ ) ,耐热稳定性好 ( 5 %热失重温度高于 4 16℃ ) ,在氯仿、DMAc等极性有机溶剂中可溶解成膜 ,以 FT- IR和 1H-NMR研究了类双酚单体 OM- HPPZ和聚合物的结构 ,证明与设计结构完全一致     

新型杂环氯代聚芳醚的合成与性能

以自制的新型氯代类双酚化合物4-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（OC-HPPZ）为单体,分别与4,4/-二氟二苯酮、4,4/-二氯二苯砚和1,4-双-（4-氯代苯甲酰基）苯进行缩聚反应,合成了一类新型的具有较高分子质量的聚芳醚材料。利用FTIR、1H NMR等分析手段研究了类双酚化合物OC-HPPZ及其聚合物的结构;采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,新型聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚酮酮具有优异的耐热性能和热稳定性能,其玻璃化转变温度为234～287℃,在氮气氛中5%热失重温度均高于420℃,新型氯代聚芳醚在氯仿、N、N-二甲基乙酰胺等极性有机溶剂中可溶解并浇铸得到透明、韧性的薄膜。     

氮杂环高性能树脂研究进展

含有全芳环扭曲、非平面结构氮杂环高性能树脂兼具耐高温可溶解特性,综合性能优异,解决了传统高性能工程塑料不能兼具耐高温可溶解的技术难题,加工方式多样,应用领域广泛。总结出"全芳环非共平面扭曲的分子链结构可赋予聚合物既耐高温又可溶解的优异综合性能"的分子设计思想。研制成功含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构的新型聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮、聚芳醚腈、聚芳酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚(1,3,5-三芳基均三嗪)等系列高性能树脂。本文将重点介绍含二氮杂萘酮结构聚(1,3,5-三芳基均三嗪)、聚苯并咪唑以及可注射成型四元共聚芳醚砜酮等合成、结构与性能,以及其应用技术的研究开发最新进展。     

联苯型二氮杂萘酮聚醚酮酮的合成及性能

以自制的新型氯代双酮单体,与新型联苯型二氮杂萘酮类双酚单体经亲核取代反应,合成了一系列新型聚芳醚酮酮聚合物,对其聚合条件作了初步探讨,并利用核磁共振,红外光谱分析研究了双酮单体及聚合物的结构,利用DSC对聚合物的耐热性进行了分析,实验结果表明,该类双酮单体具有足够的活性与类双酚进行聚合反应,并且所得聚合物综合性能优异。     

含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构聚芳醚酮的研究

以4-（4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮与1-氯-4-（4-氯苯甲酰基）萘单体经亲核取代反应,合成了含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构的聚芳醚酮。用FT-IR、∧1H-NMR、DSC、TG、WAXD等方法对聚合物进行了表征,研究了聚合物的溶解性能。结果表明,该聚芳醚酮是一种耐热等级高的可溶性无定形聚合物。     

杂萘联苯结构可交联聚芳醚腈的合成与表征

以4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ)、4-(3-烯丙基-4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(allyl-DHPZ)和2,6-二氟苯腈(DFBN)为单体,采用芳香亲核取代法,通过改变单体的物质的量配比,合成了系列可溶解可交联的聚芳醚腈(PAENs)。通过核磁共振测试证明了所合成的单体以及聚合物的结构,凝胶渗透色谱仪测定了聚合物的相对分子质量(珚Mw为45130~58403),红外光谱和差示扫描量热仪分析了聚合物的热交联反应过程。所合成的聚芳醚腈在室温时可溶于氯仿、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺和甲基吡咯烷酮等极性有机溶剂,交联后的聚合物不溶于任何有机溶剂(凝胶含量最高达到98.6%),具有良好的热稳定性能(1%热失重为450℃)。     

含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构聚芳醚的合成及表征

以氯苯、α-氯代萘、氯磺酸、二氯亚砜为原料,合成了4-氯-1-萘磺酰氯,经Frield-Craft磺酰基化反应,合成了含两个1,4-萘结构的4-氯-1-(4′-氯-1-萘磺酰基)萘(CCNSN)。CCNSN分别与双酚A、酚酞、对苯二酚及4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮经溶液亲核取代逐步聚合反应,合成了4种含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构的聚芳醚(Pa~Pd)。用NMR、FT-IR对单体和聚合物进行了表征,证明其结构正确;用DSC、TGA和WAXD等方法对聚合物的热性能及结晶性进行了表征,结果表明,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在226℃~318℃之间,氮气环境下,5%热失重的起始温度均在450℃以上,说明具有良好的热稳定性;考察了聚合物的溶解性能,除Pc不溶于常见的有机溶剂外,Pa、Pb、Pd皆可溶于氯仿(CHCl3)、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(TCE)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等非质子极性溶剂。     

一种新型甲基芳杂环聚醚酮的合成及表征

以自制的新型双酚单体４－（２－甲基－４－羟基苯基）二氮杂萘与４,４’－二氟二苯酮反应合成了一种新型聚芳醚酮,对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;并利用红外光谱、ＤＳＣ对双酚单体和聚合物的结构、玻璃化转变温度进行了测试,该聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度,Ｔｇ＝２４７．９７℃。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

PSD和PWELCH函数的分析改进及应用

针对MATLAB中两个内建功率谱密度计算函数psd()和pwelch()计算结果迥异的现象,在功率谱密度估计理论的基础上,根据经典的周期图理论和Welch平均周期图方法,通过详细分析源程序,解析计算方法,发现psd()计算的并不是工程单边功率谱密度,而是采样信号双边谱,故与pwelch()结果迥异,另外pwelch()不能对分段信号数据进行预处理。就上述不足提出了相应的改进措施,比较验证表明改进措施行之有效。     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

Miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors and pumps

In the paper, the observable trends of the actual research and development of selected types of miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors are presented. Some information about the new types of active vacuum gauges, which are offered by the leading manufacturers of the vacuum measurement instruments, is given. Next, the list of MEMS devices that need vacuum for proper operation is presented. Some aspects of vacuum-encapsulation of MEMS devices, on wafer level and package level are shown. The new conceptions of obtaining and maintenance of high and ultra-high vacuum in MEMS devices are described. They concern the conception of integration of a miniature orbitron pump on-chip with MEMS-type device or with vacuum part of the portable advanced instruments such as electron microscope, ion mass spectrometer, and free electron laser.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.