钕铁硼低温永磁波荡器静态热负载研究

低温永磁波荡器(Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator,CPMU)利用稀土永磁材料钕铁硼或镨铁硼在低温下的剩磁及内禀矫顽力大幅增大的特性,通过使磁体工作在50-150 K的低温环境,获得相比于常规真空内波荡器(In-vacuum Undulator,IVU)高30%-50%的磁场性能。在磁气隙一定的条件下,CPMU可以在较小的周期长度下获得较大的磁场强度,这对于提升同步辐射光的亮度具有重要意义。本文介绍了上海光源(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,SSRF)钕铁硼CPMU磁体冷却技术的研究进展,对CPMU的静态热负载进行了详细的理论分析及实验研究。CPMU静态热负载的理论分析方法在CPMU样件低温冷却实验装置得到了验证,并在完整钕铁硼CPMU样机中得到了应用。     

BEPCⅡ超导插入四极磁体冷却流程的数值分析

按北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程（BEPCⅡ）计划，为压缩束团尺寸、提高探测器的分辨率以及粒子识别能力，在南对撞区分别安装1对强聚焦超导插入四极磁体（SCQ）和1台超导螺线管探测器磁体（SSM）。本文针对1对超导插入四极磁体的冷却，采用数值模拟的方法给出了SCQ磁体分别采用超临界氦流和过冷氦流两种冷却方式下冷却流程的热力参数，通过对模拟结果的分析，给出了适合该超导插入四极磁体的冷却方式和正常运行的热力参数。还给出了该低温系统关键设备之一的过冷器的设计方法以及设计参数。      

上海光源插入件光束线白光狭缝设计

上海光源是第三代同步辐射装置,第一期工程拟建造7条光束线中有5条选用插入件光源,其中,三条由波荡器(Undulator)引出,两条由扭摆器(Wiggler)引出。插入件光源产生高功率同步辐射,会给插入件光束线部件设计带来极大的挑战。为此,我们为插入件光束线设计了新型L形白光狭缝,本文主要介绍了该白光狭缝设计。     

上海光源新型波荡器EPU200磁结构的机械设计及力学分析

跟据用户的实验要求,本项目为上海光源中产生低轴功率密度的同步辐射光设计了新型波荡器EPU200(Elliptically Polarized Undulator)。EPU200是首台拥有8排磁化块、可以产生椭圆极化辐射并降低轴功率密度的纯永磁波荡器。其8排磁排列安装在4根铝梁上,每个磁化块固定件上安装两块磁化块,其磁结构的机械结构和安装十分复杂。磁结构对波荡器的品质有很大影响,首先设计EPU200的磁结构的机械结构,根据磁化块的排列通过Radia程序计算出磁化块的最大受力,并通过ANSYS Workbench对磁结构进行力学分析,得出该结构中磁化块的位置变形量,从而验证该机械结构的可行性。     

上海光源真空内波荡器积分场垫补中模拟退火算法的应用

上海光源真空内波荡器(IVU-25)系我国第一台真空内波荡器,由我所设计和研制。该波荡器采用混合型磁体结构,共80个磁周期,周期长度25mm,最小工作磁间隙7mm,最大峰值磁场强度0.94T。波荡器磁块的剩磁离散性及安装机械公差等因素会引起积分场误差从而影响储存环工作状态。在波荡器积分场多极分量垫补过程中,我们用模拟退火算法优化一次积分场分布来垫补多极分量,结果表明积分场多极分量均达到设计指标。     

上海光源时间分辨超小角散射线多层膜单色器的设计

上海光源二期时间分辨超小角散射线站(BL10U2)需要一台多层膜双晶单色器(Double Multilayer Monochromator,DMM),采用Pd/B4C镀层,能量范围覆盖8～15 keV。分析了基于液氮间接冷却条件下多层膜的热变形,介绍了单色器的结构设计。通过对多层膜晶体姿态调节机构引起的误差及四杆运动机构进行分析,设计了一种基于Pivot和轴承调节的Sinbar机构,以期达到单色器稳定性和超高分辨率等要求。     

PSD位置测量系统在波荡器磁场测量中的应用

位置敏感探测器(Position Sensitive Detector,PSD)是一种基于横向光电效应(x和y方向)的光电位置敏感器件,可直接探测到入射光斑的能量中心位置,在波荡器磁测中可用于获得霍尔探头测量过程中的横向位置变化。为了在狭小或封闭空间内实现对波荡器(尤其是真空内波荡器)磁场进行高精度的测量,我们设计并搭建了测试系统,对导轨直线度(x和y方向)进行了测量。实验结果表明,该位置测量系统具有5μm的测量精度,可以满足霍尔探头在波荡器磁测过程中的位置精度要求。     

同步辐射光束线单色器中压电陶瓷的控制

介绍了上海光源光束线液氮冷却单色器中应用的压电陶瓷的控制,阐述了应用EPICS实现的软硬件系统结构.测试结果表明该系统线性度、稳定度完全满足单色器控制的要求.     

可变椭圆极化波荡器EPU10.0的传动控制

可变椭圆极化波荡器EPU10.0是一种可产生多种极化模式相干太赫兹辐射的波荡器。EPU10.0的主要特点是波荡器内的磁块分上下各两排，上下气隙固定，一对对角线永磁块排列固定，另一对可独立做纵向移动，移动重复定位精度小于0.01mm。对该波荡器的磁测结果显示：在水平线极化和圆极化模式下，磁场的两个横向分量的一、二积分分别为0.012T•cm和0.7T•cm²，达到了设计指标。     

一种波荡器段间四极铁支撑平台的机械稳定性

自由电子激光(Free Electron Laser,FEL)是一种以相对论高品质电子束作为工作介质,在周期磁场中以受激发射方式放大电磁辐射的新型激光源。束流稳定性的好坏是影响FEL性能的关键指标。波荡器段关键元件运行过程中的位置稳定性是影响束流位置稳定性的关键因素之一,其中上海软X射线自由电子激光(Soft X-ray FEL,SXFEL)和大连极紫外相干光源(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS)科学研究装置中波荡器段间四极铁的位置稳定性要求较高。波荡器段间四极铁支撑平台为四极铁等关键元件提供支撑、定位及位置调节,从而间接地要求其具有高的稳定性。本文通过对一种平台的支撑方式进行模态和地基随机振动响应的有限元分析和测试,得到平台的结构动态特性,并进行稳定性分析,为段间平台的工程设计提供理论依据。     

流动欠热沸腾空泡份额的研究

影响欠热沸腾传热的主要因素是含汽率和系统压力。系统压力直接影响加热面上汽泡的大小,从而影响壁面向液体的传热量。欠热沸腾区任一点的热平衡含汽率可由通道内的热工参数和流动参数求出,然后据此求出通道中某点的空泡份额。文中给出了计算加热通道内流动欠热沸腾区空泡份额的计算关系式,该关系式在给定的参数范围内与实验结果符合较好。     

Design prospect of remountable high-temperature superconducting magnet

The remountable (mountable and demountable repeatedly) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet has been proposed for huge and complex superconducting magnets in future fusion reactors to fabricate and repair easily the magnet and access inner structural components. This paper summarizes progress in R&D activities of mechanical joints of HTS conductors in terms of the electrical resistance and heat transfer performance at the joint region. The latest experimental results show the low joint resistance, 4 nΩ under 70 kA current condition using REBCO HTS conductor with mechanical lap joint system, and for the cooling system the maximum heat flux of 0.4 MW/m² is removed by using bronze sintered porous media with sub-cooled liquid nitrogen. These values indicate that there is large possibility to design the remountable HTS magnet for fusion reactors.     

Design and Fabrication of a Hybrid HTS Magnet for 150 kJ SMES

This paper describes design and fabrication of a hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet for a 150 kJ superconducting magnetic energy system. The hybrid HTS magnet, which employs both BSCCO taps and YBCO taps, is composed of 18 double pancake coils (DPC). Six DPC made of BSCCO are respectively installed on the top and bottom with an inner diameter of 240 mm, an outer diameter of 396 mm, and height of 11.5 mm. Six YBCO coils are mounted in the middle of the magnet with the inner and outer diameters of 264, 396 mm and height of 12.1 mm. Copper plates with thickness of 1 mm are arranged between DPC for the cooling of the heat, and epoxy resin plates with thickness of 0.2 mm are arranged between coil and copper plate for the insulation. The inductance of the magnet is about 11.06 H and the resistance is 169.5 Ω at the room temperature. In order to evaluation the performance of the hybrid magnet, each solidified DPC and the assembled magnet were tested in a bath of liquid nitrogen at 77 K. The resistances of 17 joints were also measured and evaluated by the standard four-probe method.     

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程中超导四极磁体传热与流动计算

超导四极(SCQ)磁体是北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程(BEPCⅡ)的关键设备之一。本文对SCQ磁体恒温器进行稳定运行状态下传热和流动计算。计算得到了磁体在低温下的热负荷以及磁体恒温器内各组成部分的温度分布，并在此基础上，提出减小SCQ磁体热负荷的方法。比较计算了SCQ磁体采用超临界和过冷液氦两种冷却方式对磁体稳定运行的影响。     

Tunable biasing magnetic field design of ferrite tuner for ICRF heating system in EAST

Ion cyclotron range of frequency(ICRF) heating has been used in tokamaks as one of the most successful auxiliary heating tools and has been adopted in the EAST. However, the antenna load will fluctuate with the change of plasma parameters in the ICRF heating process. To ensure the steady operation of the ICRF heating system in the EAST, fast ferrite tuner(FFT) has been carried out to achieve real-time impedance matching. For the requirements of the FFT impedance matching system, the magnet system of the ferrite tuner(FT) was designed by numerical simulations and experimental analysis, where the biasing magnetic circuit and alternating magnetic circuit were the key researched parts of the ferrite magnet. The integral design goal of the FT magnetic circuit is that DC bias magnetic field is 2000 Gs and alternating magnetic field is±400 Gs. In the FTT, E-type magnetic circuit was adopted. Ferrite material is Nd Fe B with a thickness of 30 mm by setting the working point of Nd Fe B, and the ampere turn of excitation coil is 25 through the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. The coil inductance to generate alternating magnetic field is about 7 m H. Eddy-current effect has been analyzed, while the magnetic field distribution has been measured by a Hall probe in the medium plane of the biasing magnet. Finally, the test results show the good performance of the biasing magnet satisfying the design and operating requirements of the FFT.     

Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak

An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak. The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room (equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows), a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system. The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R × f₊₁, where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f₊₁ is the fraction of charge state +1. The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet. The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of NdFeB. The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet. The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H⁺ and D⁺ on the detector plane. For each line, the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV from one side to another.     

低流速过冷沸腾净蒸汽产生点计算模型

已有的过冷沸腾净蒸汽产生点计算方法以高质量流速为主.对于低流速工况,到目前还未见普遍认同的净蒸汽产生点计算模型。本文通过加热壁面汽相蒸发与汽液界面冷凝传热的分析，建立于适用于低流速强迫循环及自然循环工况净蒸汽产生点的蒸发冷凝模型，在较宽广的工况范围内与已有实验数据进行了比较.研究表明,低流速工况下．该模型可以得出满意的预测结果，比目前广泛应用的Salla-Zuber模型以及Levy模型具有更高的预测精度.     

SSRF磁铁数据库系统的开发

上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)磁铁数据库系统的开发过程包括数据库的设计、数据库的实现和功能。SSRF磁铁数据库由一系列的用于存储磁铁物理设计参数、磁场测量数据、准直测量数据和电源数据等的数据表组成。它对于确保磁铁质量、分析磁场误差和准直偏差对装置性能的影响、帮助磁铁的安装准直以及装置的调试和运行等具有十分重要的作用。     

上海同步辐射装置平移长线圈磁测机的研制

描述了上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)平移长线圈磁测机的设计和制造。磁测机包括的硬件主要有：测量线圈、直线运动平台、高精度数字积分仪、步进电机控制卡、高稳定度电源、直流电流传感器、6位半数字电压表、通用接口总线(GPIB)接口卡及高精度编码器等。磁场测量和数据分析程序采用LabVIEW编制。该磁测机已测量了SSRF储存环二极磁铁的样机，效果良好，能做到灵活、快速和自动化地测量积分场。