铜镍合金为衬底化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯研究

利用磁控双靶共溅射法制备了不同含量的铜镍合金薄膜,利用EDAX对合金薄膜衬底的铜镍配比进行了定量分析。以苯为碳源,选择相同的合金衬底分别在800、600和400℃的温度下使用化学气相沉积法生长石墨烯,对样品进行了拉曼光谱和SEM表征,研究了温度对石墨烯生长的影响。选择不同配比的铜镍合金衬底,在400℃下生长石墨烯,研究了衬底中铜、镍元素不同配比对石墨烯生长的影响。     

化学气相沉积制备大面积高质量石墨烯的研究进展

石墨烯是由单层碳原子紧密堆积形成的一种碳质新材料,具有优良的电学、光学、热学及力学等性质。在众多的石墨烯制备方法中,化学气相沉积(Chemical vapor deposition,CVD)最有可能实现大面积、高质量石墨烯的可控制备。综述了CVD方法制备大面积、高质量石墨烯的影响因素,包括衬底、碳源及生长条件(气体流量、生长温度、等离子体功率、生长压强、沉积时间、冷却速率等)。最后展望了CVD方法制备石墨烯的发展方向。     

热丝化学气相沉积(H FCVD)在铜箔上制备双层石墨烯薄膜的研究

双层石墨烯独特的物理性能和特性使其在电子领域拥有广阔的应用前景,引起了学者的广泛关注。采用热丝化学气相沉积方法(HFCVD)在1 cm×2 cm的铜箔上制备石墨烯薄膜,并通过探究腔内气压、基体温度、沉积时间、碳源浓度对石墨烯层数和质量的影响,开发出制备低缺陷双层石墨烯的工艺。采用拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对石墨烯涂层的结构特征、表面形貌和层数进行了表征。实验结果表明,在铜箔上制备出了均匀致密的低缺陷双层石墨烯,厚度为1.5 nm。此外研究结果还表明,降低腔内气压可减少缺陷和层数,增加基体温度可减少层数,沉积时间4 min或碳源浓度高于1%则无石墨烯生成。因此通过控制腔内气压、基体温度、沉积时间和碳源浓度可实现石墨烯可控生长。     

蓝宝石衬底上石墨烯的制备研究

开展了化学气相沉积(CVD)法在蓝宝石衬底上直接生长石墨烯的制备研究和模拟研究,研究衬底表面形貌和生长温度对石墨烯的影响。运用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等对石墨烯生长开展了微结构研究。模拟研究发现,氢气对衬底表面形貌具有重要影响,在H原子的作用下Al—O键被拉长了51.42%,近乎断裂,因而对蓝宝石衬底的表面粗糙度产生影响。实验发现H_2对蓝宝石衬底有刻蚀作用,刻蚀后的蓝宝石衬底表面粗糙度Ra变大,不易于石墨烯生长。随着生长温度的升高,生长的石墨烯质量也逐渐变好。     

低温CVD法制备石墨烯的研究进展（英文）

石墨烯是一种由sp~2杂化碳原子组成的二维碳纳米材料。由于其特殊的性质,在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注和研究。化学气相沉积法(CVD)是制备石墨烯最有效、最常用的方法。然而,传统的CVD石墨烯生长温度非常高(1 000℃),这不仅使得石墨烯制备成本高,而且限制了其在某些领域的应用。因此,低温下石墨烯的合成是目前研究者关注的焦点。前驱体类型(气态、液态、固态)和衬底类型(过渡金属、合金、介质衬底)是影响石墨烯合成温度的重要因素。本文将从以上几个方面对低温条件下CVD合成石墨烯的研究结果进行综述。     

柔性ITO衬底上铜酞菁薄膜有序生长的X射线衍射研究

采用石英晶体微天平实时监测薄膜生长速率,通过控制衬底温度与薄膜生长速率,在柔性ITO导电衬底上真空蒸发沉积了铜酞菁薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明,适当提高衬底温度与薄膜生长速率,可促进薄膜的有序生长.当衬底温度为90℃,生长速率为10nm/min时,薄膜的有序度最高,薄膜晶型呈(相和(200)晶面.     

热丝CVD系统内衬底温度分布的数值研究

热丝法化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜系统内 ,衬底温度和碳源气体浓度是金刚石薄膜生长最为重要的参数。本文根据传热学基本原理 ,数值模拟了衬底表面辐照度、温度分布 ,讨论了衬底热传导等因素对衬底温度分布的影响 ,探讨了如何改善衬底温度均匀性。结果表明 ,考虑衬底横向热传导后 ,衬底表面温度分布均匀性明显优于基于辐射热平衡得到的温度分布 ,在一定程度上有利于生长大面积薄膜。     

热丝CVD系统内衬底温度分布的数值研究

热丝法化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜系统内,衬底温度和碳源气体浓度是金刚石薄膜生长最为重要的参数。本文根据传热学基本原理,数值模拟了衬底表面辐照度、温度分布,讨论了衬底热传导等因素对衬底温度分布的影响,探讨了如何改善衬底温度均匀性。结果表明,考虑衬底横向热传导后,衬底表面温度分布均匀性明显优于基于辐射热平衡得到的温度分布,在一定程度上有利于生长大面积薄膜。     

铜镍合金催化制备大面积均匀的少层石墨烯

少层(1~5层)大面积均匀石墨烯的可控制备,是实现石墨烯在逻辑器件和透明导电电极中使用的关键。本工作使用常压化学气相沉积(CVD)方法,在铜镍合金基底上生长出少数层大面积均匀石墨烯。通过调节铜镍合金的厚度以及控制生长过程中的温度、时间、碳源浓度,本工作实现了层数可控石墨烯的制备。光学显微术、拉曼光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、高分辨率透射电镜表征结果表明:制备出的石墨烯是大面积均匀的高质量少层石墨烯。     

Cu箔衬底上石墨烯纳米结构制备

采用低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)在Cu箔上制备出了单层石墨烯纳米结构,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和拉曼光谱等对其结构和形貌等进行了表征。在此基础上,通过调节生长参数,制备多种形貌的石墨烯结构,着重探索了在生长温度为1000℃、生长时间为2min时,CH4∶H2、生长压强和衬底晶体取向对石墨烯初始形貌的影响规律,石墨烯的形貌主要取决于C的扩散/沉积和H2对石墨烯的刻蚀,当氢气的刻蚀作用占主导地位时,石墨烯为规则的六边形,当C的扩散/沉积占主导作用时,C沿着特定的方向扩散快,形成花状形貌;而背电子散射衍射(EBSD)研究表明,衬底Cu箔的取向对石墨烯形貌的影响不明显,没有观察到衬底取向与石墨烯结构之间的直接联系。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.