稀疏分解在动态测试信号处理中的应用

针对动态测试过程采样率高,噪声大的情况,提出一种基于Gabor原子库稀疏分解的去噪压缩方法.该方法利用匹配追踪算法将信号在超完备Gabor原子库中迭代分解,并采用相干比阈值作为迭代终止条件,可以根据信号噪声水平自适应调整迭代次数.针对匹配追踪算法计算量大的缺点,引入一种自适应遗传算法加以改进,提高了计算效率.试验结果证明了该算法可以有效去除高频噪声,并且实现信号大幅压缩.     

改进小波阈值-形态学融合算法在振动信号误差抑制中的应用

针对机械装备振动信号采集中含有脉冲噪声及高斯噪声等多种复杂污染源的信号误差抑制去噪,设计了小波阈值和形态学融合算法.首先,在高斯平滑思想上引入改进的小波阈值函数,能够调节阈值函数向小波分解系数真值的收敛趋势达到有效去除高斯噪声及避免稳态偏差的目的,对比几种常用的函数算法,提出的阈值函数取得了在信噪比提升及均方根误差抑制度量上的更优的效果.其次,对比计算了多种形态学算子选择较优的算法用于去除脉冲噪声.最后,将融合算法应用在机械臂振动信号的去噪实验中.结果表明,算法能够有效去除噪声并保留信号特征.     

结合压缩感知和曲波的天文图像去噪

在天文图像去噪中,为了提高迭代曲波阈值算法的去噪重建性能,提出了基于循环平移和曲波维纳滤波的压缩感知迭代重构算法。首先,使用基于曲波阈值的循环平移方法对重构图像进行调整以抑制重构图像中的伪吉布斯效应;接着,用提出的曲波维纳滤波算子替代小波阈值在迭代过程中对图像曲波系数进行筛选以进一步提高重构图像的质量。通过对添加高斯白噪声的Lena图像和月球图像进行重构实验,分析本文算法和当前主流算法的性能。实验结果表明,与传统的压缩感知迭代曲波阈值算法相比,本文算法能够获得较优的去噪性能,有效地保护天文图像的细节信息,峰值信噪比大约提高了2.6~3.2dB。     

角加速度信号自适应小波的去噪方法

针对多扰动、大负载环境下角加速度计输出信号中含有脉冲噪声和高斯白噪声的情况,提出一种改进的离散小波阈值法与中值滤波算法相结合的角加速度计信号自适应去噪算法。首先,使用中值滤波对原始信号进行去除脉冲噪声的预处理;其次,使用分解层数的自适应确定方法与改进的阈值选取准则,通过离散小波阈值去噪法去除高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高信噪比,降低最小均方误差。实验结果表明,该算法既能去除分子型液环式角加速度计信号中噪声,又能很好地保留真实信号中的高动态部分。     

基于小波变换的低场脉冲核磁共振系统高斯白噪声估计

介绍了以小波分析理论为基础，结合小波阈值去噪算法找到一种有效的噪声分离方法。采用该方法从实际低场脉冲核磁共振系统噪声信号中分离出高斯白噪声并对其进行了参数估计。该方法还可以用于其它信号处理领域高斯白噪声的估计。     

一种基于小波迭代优化的局部放电降噪算法研究

目前,局部放电检测已经成为判断GIS安装运行状况的重要依据,超高频法局部放电检测方法由于其被动干扰小且可以定位,因此得到了广泛应用。各类噪声会淹没微小的回波信号,因此必须进行去噪处理,以提高检测的灵敏度。现针对基于小波变换的局部放电超高频检测算法进行了研究,设计了小波检测算法。传统的小波降噪算法是通过软硬阈值来实现降噪的目的的,有着一定的局限性,鉴于此,提出一种基于迭代优化的算法实现阈值的逐级优化和动态调整,据此得出基于迭代优化的小波去噪算法。仿真表明,所提算法一开始随着迭代次数的增加,噪声误差急速下降,在迭代过程中取得最小值后,迭代次数继续增加,性能不再有明显的提升,由此证明所提方法确实可以改善降噪的性能。     

金属材料小缺陷超声反射信号建模及识别

为了能从含噪声金属材料超声检测信号中有效识别出微小缺陷回波,建立了金属材料超声反射信号模型并提出了基于相关系数的微小缺陷回波识别方法。对含微小缺陷金属材料超声脉冲反射信号的成分进行分析,建立了基于散射声场与高斯回波理论的优化超声回波模型。设计了超声缺陷回波位置识别方法。该方法对超声脉冲反射信号去噪后,取探头发射脉冲信号为参考信号;然后与去噪后的信号逐段求解相关系数;最后对该相关系数序列进行阈值化处理,获得缺陷回波在超声回波信号中的位置。将利用上述优化超声回波模型生成的超声反射信号及其频谱与实验获得的金属材料超声反射信号及其频谱进行了对比,结果表明:两者的时频域特征具有一致性。当将阈值设定为相关系数序列最大值的60%时,能够有效从超声背散射信号中识别出金属材料微小缺陷回波。     

基于小波变换的非接触式电导信号去噪研究

耦合毛细管电泳技术的非接触式电导检测器在检测痕量化学物质时具有较高的灵敏度,然而噪声会导致获得的信号检测结果存在偏差。针对非接触式电导检测信号的数据特点,提出基于小波变换的阈值去噪方法:利用高斯函数模型和高斯白噪声模拟仿真非接触式电导信号曲线,继而逐步选取不同的参数来得到多个去噪结果,并选择若干评价指标对去噪结果进行评价,从而确定最优去噪参数。同时,将小波变换算法与其他常用去噪算法进行对比,验证其优越性。最后将最优参数代入小波阈值去噪算法,对三种痕量无机离子的非接触式电导信号进行去噪处理。实验结果表明:三种痕量无机离子的电导信号经过去噪处理后,信噪比显著提高,数据曲线光滑,且保留了数据特征,具有可行性及有效性。     

皮带机故障诊断中基于自适应小波阈值去噪法的应用

皮带机故障信号中包含大量运行信息，采集故障信号进行去噪处理有利于故障状态识别。为了进一步提高小波阈值去噪方法在强噪声背景下微弱故障信号提取能力，设计了一种基于改进自适应阈值的小波阈值去噪法的皮带机故障诊断方法。研究结果表明：进行小波阈值去噪时未进行阈值函数优化，在阈值选取缺乏灵活性。以自适应小波阈值去噪时，可以获得更平滑的阈值曲线，能够满足最优去噪性能。采用小波阈值去噪时并未达到理想去噪效果，存在明显噪声成分，并且获得了更大均方根误差；完成小波阈值改进后获得理想去噪效果，更准确保留有用信号，使噪声信号被充分去除，实现信噪比的明显提升。该研究可以拓宽到其它传动设备上，对后续的故障状态识别奠定理论基础。     

应用分层自适应匹配追踪重构MEMS陀螺信号

对含噪微机械系统(MEMS)陀螺信号进行小波分解重构时,真实信号对应的小波系数很难选取,故本文提出一种分层自适应匹配追踪算法(LAMP)来解决上述问题。建立了含噪MEMS陀螺信号中信号小波系数稀疏提取架构,将信号小波系数提取问题转化为含噪信号中信号小波系数稀疏性的恢复问题。比较已有稀疏重构算法,采用一种新的LAMP算法,在各种可能的小波系数组合中挑选出分解系数最为稀疏的一组,以此消除信号中的噪声小波系数,进而重构MEMS陀螺信号。实验表明:提出的LAMP算法的稀疏重构效果优于其他迭代贪婪重构算法;基于LAMP的信号稀疏小波重构方法,可以有效去除MEMS陀螺信号的大量噪声;去噪前后,纯MEMS陀螺数据解算的方位角平均累积误差由10.060 2(°)/h减小到5.034 6(°)/h,优于传统小波阈值重构法平均累积误差8.596 8(°)/h,显示了较好的应用效果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.