具有极化特征的植被相干散射模型及参数反演

重点研究了具有极化特征的植被相干散射模型及参数反演算法。基于目标分解理论,推导了植被及地表回波的极化干涉相干系数与植被高度、衰减系数、地形相位等参数之间的数学关系,以衰减系数作为极化分量的函数,建立了具有明显极化特征的植被及地表相干散射模型。在此基础上,以全极化干涉相干系数作为输入参量,考虑模型对极化的依赖性,采用三阶段法对植被的物理参量进行反演,获得了地形相位和植被高度。在环境可控的微波暗室内构建了极化干涉半实物合成孔径雷达系统对模型进行实验验证,获取了南洋杉和土壤所构成场景的极化干涉回波数据,实验结果表明:采用该模型在场景的地体幅度比小于-10dB的情况下,植被反演高度与实际高度的误差仅为0.03m,说明了模型的有效性。     

基于分类统计的PolInSAR植被高度最大似然估计

极化干涉SAR是一种集极化和干涉SAR优势于一体的新型遥感技术.结合两层植被随机体散射模型和极化分解技术,基于极化干涉SAR数据的概率分布统计特征,提出一种利用参数迭代求解预测模璎和测量值最小似然距离的植被高度反演方法.该方法克服了传统最大似然估计方法需已知地表散射特征参数的约束,减少了计算复杂性.最后通过极化干涉SAR仿真数据实验分析,文中算法相对于三阶段反演算法提高了植被高度估计的精度.验证了算法的有效性.     

单基线PolInSAR反演算法研究

极化干涉合成孔径雷达(PolInSAR)测量是一种集极化雷达(PolSAR)和干涉雷达(InSAR)测量技术于一体的新的对地观测技术,利用极化干涉雷达数据反演地表植被参数特别是森林的垂直结构参数是当前极化干涉研究的热点问题。经典的单基线PolInSAR反演算法是Cloude和Papathanassiou提出的三阶段反演算法,但是该算法在相干值估计、直线拟合和散射体去相干估计等方面都存在着误差,直接影响反演精度。该文提出了一种新的基于统计特征和PolInSAR相位最优化算法的反演算法,并采用PolInSAR模拟数据验证了该算法的有效性。     

合成孔径雷达简缩极化干涉数据的植被高度反演技术研究

该文提出了一种利用合成孔径雷达简缩极化干涉数据进行植被高度反演的三阶段方法。将全极化干涉数据处理中的相干最优方法引入简缩极化干涉数据处理,由相位最优相干系数对应的最优相位获得体去相干系数和地表相位的初始估计,利用相干区域边界提取方法更新体去相干系数,得到精确的植被高度估计值。采用欧空局提供的L波段的模拟全极化干涉数据构造简缩极化数据集,将该数据用于植被反演,反演结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

极化干涉SAR面向城区不同处理模式的误差影响分析

极化干涉合成孔径雷达(PolInSAR)在城区等复杂场景下的应用受到了越来越多的关注。面向城区的极化干涉SAR处理主要包括基于极化最优相干的干涉测高、基于极化分解的干涉测高、联立极化干涉观测方程直接求解不同散射机制高度这3种模式。现有研究对各类误差在极化干涉SAR不同处理模式下的综合影响分析尚很欠缺。该文在构建极化干涉SAR误差模型的基础上,提出了联立极化观测方程下散射机制的求解方法,推导了极化失真和干涉误差在极化干涉SAR不同处理模式下的综合影响模型,并通过仿真验证了模型的正确性,同时给出了3种处理模式补偿误差后的高度反演结果,补偿误差后通过极化最优相干得到建筑区域高度的均方根误差(RMSE)为2.77 m。在此基础上,通过仿真给出了极化干涉SAR不同处理模型下的误差影响曲线,比较了不同处理模型受误差影响的程度,并给出了合理解释,研究结果为极化干涉SAR系统设计、处理方法选择及数据应用提供了参考。      

双基线极化干涉合成孔径雷达的植被参数提取

由于单基线极化干涉SAR技术(如三阶段法、ESPRIT算法等)反演植被参数的方法受限于具有最小地体幅度比的观测数据,影响冠层或地表有效相位中心的估计,因此往往低估植被的高度。该文通过增加另一个基线的极化干涉SAR数据在一定程度上解决单基线反演技术存在的这个缺陷,并适当改进双基线极化干涉SAR技术,降低植被参数估计的动态偏差,最后用模拟数据和实际数据验证了该方法。     

基于Freeman分解的植被参数反演新方法

基于极化Freeman分解的极化协方差矩阵参数,极化干涉SAR互协方差矩阵可简化建模为植被高度、消光系数和地面干涉相位的函数。基于此,该文建立了以极化干涉SAR互协方差矩阵估算值与互协方差矩阵观测值之差为目标函数、以3个植被参数为未知量的优化模型,提出了基于Freeman分解的植被参数反演新方法。该方法避免了三阶段植被参数估计方法所面临的体相关系数确定问题,提供了一种独立于三阶段植被参数估计的新思路。仿真结果验证了新方法的有效性。     

基于PolInSAR的植被区高精度数字表面模型反演方法

针对传统方法无法估计电磁波在植被中的穿透深度导致植被数字表面模型(DSM)反演误差较大的问题,该文提出一种高精度DSM估计方法。该方法首先通过极化干涉相干最优中最大化相位差法分离得到电磁波在植被中高、低散射相位中心的干涉相位。然后提出一种归一化高、低散射相位中心高度随消光系数变化的模型,基于该模型搜索得到电磁波在植被中的最浅穿透深度。最后利用干涉处理方法得到高散射相位中心的高程,将最浅穿透深度补偿到该高程中,从而提升植被区DSM估计精度。利用PolSARpro软件在不同植被种类和不同植被高度下进行仿真试验以及机载全极化数据进行实测数据试验,试验结果表明该方法能有效提高植被区DSM反演精度。     

一种快速且稳健的极化干涉SAR植被高度反演方法

三阶段法是一种稳健性较好的极化干涉SAR植被高度反演方法,反演精度比较高.但是三阶段法本身运算量大,且初值选取容易引起病态解.本文将DEM差分算法和相干幅度法相融合,提出一种快速且稳健的植被高度反演方法.该方法在保证比较高的植被高度估计精度的同时,对消光系数或植被垂直结构的变化具有稳健性, 而且大大减少了反演算法的运算量.最后用L波段极化干涉SAR仿真数据验证了该方法的有效性.     

星载全极化微波散射计系统仿真与性能分析

本文对全极化微波散射计遥感海面风场的原理及其特点进行研究,建立了星载全极化微波散射计的系统仿真模型.对比了SeaWinds散射计参数下全极化与同极化的风场反演质量,结果表明全极化微波散射计在星下点以及刈幅远端的区域有良好的风场反演性能,并可提升高风速条件下的风场反演精度.最后分析了极化通道隔离度对全极化散射计系统性能的影响.     

Single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry

Examines the application of single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry to the remote sensing and measurement of structure over forested terrain. For this, a polarimetric coherent scattering model for vegetation cover suitable for the estimation of forest parameters from interferometric observables is introduced, discussed and validated. Based on this model, an inversion algorithm which allows the estimation of forest parameters such as tree height, average extinction, and underlying topography from single-baseline fully polarimetric interferometric data is addressed. The performance of the inversion algorithm is demonstrated using fully polarimetric single baseline experimental data acquired by DLR's E-SAR system at L-band     

Forest Biophysical Parameter Estimation Using L- and P-Band Polarimetric SAR Data

L- and P-band airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by the RAMSES system over different height maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) stands of the Nezer forest (Landes, France) have been evaluated for forest biophysical parameter estimation. A pseudolinear correlation has been brought to evidence at P-band between polarimetric anisotropy and mean tree height, which is also linked to other biophysical parameters in the Nezer forest, meaning that SAR polarimetry constitutes a promising tool for forest parameter retrieval at low frequency. The spatial conditions have been evaluated through the quantification of the impact of signal-to-noise ratio diminution and resolution degradation on the forest height inversion. It has been shown that the inversion accuracy remains acceptable for N Esigma₀, representing the noise level of the SAR image, which is lower than -15 dB, and for spatial resolution increasing up to 15 m.     

Retrieval of biophysical parameters of agricultural crops using polarimetric SAR interferometry

An existing two-layer model for forest height estimation is adapted for agricultural crops in order to develop a retrieval algorithm based on polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry. This new inversion scheme is specifically tailored for vertically oriented agricultural crops, with extinction coefficients dependent on the wave polarization. Physical parameters of the vegetation scene are estimated from the location of the measured coherences in the complex plane. The proposed inversion scheme is validated experimentally with indoor wide-band polarimetric measurements on samples of corn and rice fields. Results show that the estimates of the thickness of the vegetation layer and the ground topography are reasonably accurate for a wide range of frequencies and baselines. Moreover, some interesting results are also obtained when using only dual-polarized data, which brings up new applications for present and future spaceborne missions.     

三层植被极化干涉建模及参数反演新方法研究

两层植被结构模型是传统三阶段植被参数反演方法的基础,当实际植被结构为三层结构时,三阶段植被参数反演方法精度变差.针对该问题,建立了与三层植被结构模型对应的极化SAR干涉复相关系数模型,分析了传统三阶段植被参数反演方法精度变差的原因,提出了基于双基线极化SAR干涉的三层植被参数反演新方法,新方法充分考虑了三层植被干涉复相...     

PolInSAR analysis of X-band data over vegetated and urban areas

This paper investigates the polarimetric and polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PolInSAR) information contained in the high-resolution X-band data acquired by the RAMSES airborne SAR system over an area around Avignon, France containing bare surfaces, vegetation, and urban areas. The interferometric coherences are computed over natural and urban areas for all possible baseline copolar polarizations. In the complex plane, the obtained regions of coherence corresponding to most vegetation areas display small angular extents, meaning that if penetration occurs in the foliage, it is shallower than the system height accuracy. To quantify the PolInSAR information, an analysis of the interferometric height accuracy is first performed, and the results are compared with those associated with a theoretical and an empirical model. Concerning vegetation, a 6-m height difference is measured between the different polarimetric phase centers over a sparse pine forest, probably due to the presence of holes in the canopy. Crop study reveals also that wheat-type fields present oriented media properties at X-band due to their vertical structure. Over urban areas, in most cases, building height can be accurately obtained by using Pauli polarimetric phase center information.