高速移动环境下基于正交角域子空间投影的时频同步算法研究

在高速移动环境下,无线信道显现出较强的时变特性。由于各个到达径的多普勒频移不一致所导致的多普勒扩展,使得系统时频同步算法性能急剧下降。针对此问题,该文提出了一种基于正交角域子空间投影的时频同步算法。该算法利用多天线系统提供的角域分辨力,将多普勒扩展简化为各个正交角域子空间上的多普勒频移,从而提高时频同步算法的性能。仿真结果表明,在高速移动环境下,该文提出的算法有效地抑制了无线信道的时变特性对时频同步算法的影响,获得了较好的系统性能。     

一种适用于快衰落信道的ICI抑制方案

针对高速移动环境下多普勒频偏造成信道的快衰落和正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中子载波间干扰(ICI)的问题,提出了一种适合快衰落环境的OFDM系统子载波间干扰抑制算法。此算法用线性变化模型来近似一个OFDM符号周期内的信道冲激响应,并以此为基础采用迭代MMSE均衡方法抑制载波间干扰。分析和仿真结果表明,此方法能有效地保证载波间的正交性,从而改善了OFDM系统的误码率(BER)性能。     

抑制OFDM系统载波间干扰的sinc功率脉冲优化

针对由多普勒扩展和收发机本振频率漂移引起的OFDM系统载波频率偏移从而导致子载波间干扰的问题,提出了一个抑制OFDM系统载波间干扰的sinc功率脉冲优化方法。该方法以sinc功率脉冲为基础,通过优化参数对旁瓣电平进行优化,以降低OFDM系统载波间干扰的强度。仿真结果表明,与sinc功率脉冲相比,采用优化的sinc功率脉冲的OFDM系统更能适应高速移动环境,当归一化频偏为0.3、误比特率等于10-5时,采用新方法的OFDM系统可获得约3 dB性能的提升。     

OFDM系统载波间干扰消除算法研究

高速移动环境下中的OFDM系统存在严重的载波间干扰(ICI)。本文分析了OFDM系统载波间干扰的分布特性以及各子载波增益变化的特点,使用部分信道信息对各子载波的符号进行检测。仿真验证该算法能在较低的复杂度条件下达到接近MMSE-SD算法的性能,适合于工程应用。     

高速移动环境中OFDM系统的迭代接收技术

简要介绍B3G系统需要支持高容量、高质量和高移动性的数据传输要求,而OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,正交频分复用)技术由于非常适合于高速数据传输而成为B3G系统的热点候选传输技术。然而在高速移动环境中,OFDM系统的子载波间干扰是影响系统性能的主要因素,为了使OFDM技术更好地应用于B3G系统,对高速移动环境中OFDM系统的接收技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于EM算法的联合信道估计与检测技术的迭代接收方案。仿真结果表明,提出的接收机算法可以大大降低子载波干扰。     

OFDM系统中ICI消除方法分析

多径时变信道产生的多普勒频展会引起OFDM系统中的子载波间干扰(ICI),从而影响系统的误码率性能。针对无线移动通信环境,通过对多径时变信道的频率响应分析,从而进一步分析了子载波间干扰的原理。并对相邻数据取反自消除算法、SSC-ASIZ算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法这三种抑制ICI的方法进行了比较分析,由仿真结果表明,SSC-ASIZ算法的系统误码率性能优于其他两个系统。     

基于检测域的水声OFDM系统多普勒频偏补偿

通信系统发送端和接收端之间的相对运动会使正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)系统子载波频率因多普勒效应而发生偏移,进而影响整个OFDM通信系统的性能。针对由通信节点之间相对运动而引起的判决结果模糊问题,提出了基于检测域的频偏估计算法。该方法利用连续波(Continuous Wave, CW)信号,首先在频域估计出多普勒因子进行粗补,而后通过检测域的频偏估计算法进行多次迭代对信号进行细多普勒补偿。仿真结果表明,该方法能够很好地弥补信号中未被完全补偿的多普勒频偏,具有良好的抗多普勒引起的载波间干扰(Inter-Carrier Interference, ICI)能力。最后进行了水池实验,验证了算法的可行性。     

一种基于二维处理的OFDM信道估计算法

该文提出了一种新的信道估计算法,用于无线移动信道下的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统。该算法对接收的导频信号(Pilot)分别在多径展宽域和多普勒展宽域进行处理,显著地降低了子载波间干扰和高斯白噪声的影响。此外,多普勒展宽域处理的滤波器是动态设计的,具有良好的自适应性。仿真结果表明,在不同的多普勒频偏下,该算法都有良好的性能。     

基于变换域的迭代MPD算法

相较于传统正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术，滤波OFDM(Filtered OFDM, F-OFDM)技术具有子载波带宽灵活可变和抑制频谱带外泄露等优点，是面向未来无线通信系统的候选波形之一.但是在高动态通信场景下，时变信道中存在的多普勒频偏现象却依然会严重损害F-OFDM系统的性能.针对该问题，提出一种基于变换域的迭代消息传递检测(Message Passing Detection, MPD)算法.MPD算法基于稀疏因子图，通过在收发节点间进行迭代式的消息传递和状态更新，最终实现对多普勒频偏的抑制.此外，通过对检测过程中的干扰进行高斯等效，能够一定程度上降低迭代MPD检测算法的复杂度.进一步的，所提算法基于变换域的设计思路，能够充分利用时变多径信道在变换域的增强型稀疏性，以此有效减少MPD算法中收发节点间的连接支路数，进而降低检测算法的计算复杂度.基于F-OFDM系统的仿真结果表明，相较于传统的时频域MPD算法，所提基于变换域的迭代MPD算法在系统误码率和计算复杂度上均有更为优异的性能表现.     

基于差分编码的OFDM系统ICI消除方法的研究

在高速移动通信环境下,OFDM 系统在传输过程中出现的多普勒频移和收发两端本地振荡器之间的频率偏差,形成子载波间干扰(ICI)并造成系统性能降低。该文在分析子载波间干扰机制的基础上,从信道估计的角度提出了一种高效的ICI自消除差分编码方案。该方案提高了传统ICI自消除方案频谱利用率。仿真表明,在系统归一化频率偏差大于0.1时,该方案具有4 的信道估计增益,消除了因ICI带来的地板效应。     

基于QR-RLS算法的OFDM系统盲自适应时域均衡器

在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,使用时域均衡器来消除由于循环前缀长度小于信道时延扩展长度而导致的符号间干扰。为了克服Merry算法收敛速度较慢的缺点,提出了一种适用于无线时变信道环境的改进的盲自适应时域均衡器。该算法利用QR-RLS算法实现均衡器抽头的迭代计算,改善了Merry算法的收敛速度和鲁棒性。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度明显优于Merry算法,且性能接近MSSNR算法最优解。     

A robust timing synchronization design in OFDM systems?part II: high-mobility cases

In this paper we consider the design of a robust timing synchronization algorithm for pilot-aided OFDM systems in high-mobility fading environments. We first analyze the impact of both mobility and timing errors on the performance of a pilot-aided OFDM system for frequency selective fading channels, by deriving an expression for channel estimation error variance. The analysis will show that, even for high levels of mobility, a pilot-aided channel estimator is considerably sensitive to timing errors, due to the impact of rotations in different bases. We then show how this sensitivity can be utilized to design a robust timing synchronization algorithm for mobile OFDM systems, without relying on synchronization training information. Theoretical results are then confirmed by simulating the performance of an OFDM system in high delay and Doppler spread fading environments. Finally, we show how the proposed mathematical framework and algorithm can be used to address timing synchronization in the presence of a frequency offset as well. The analysis of this paper is the extension of the derivations of Part I [8], the accompanying paper on the design of a robust timing synchronizer for low-mobility OFDM systems.     

Polynomial Estimation of Time-Varying Multipath Gains With Intercarrier Interference Mitigation in OFDM Systems

In this paper, we consider the case of a high-speed mobile receiver operating in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. We present an iterative algorithm for estimating multipath complex gains with intersubcarrier interference (ICI) mitigation (using comb-type pilots). Each complex gain variation is approximated by a polynomial representation within several OFDM symbols. Assuming knowledge of delay-related information, polynomial coefficients are obtained from time-averaged gain values, which are estimated using the least-square (LS) criterion. The channel matrix is easily computed, and the ICI is reduced by using successive interference suppression (SIS) during data symbol detection. The algorithm's performance is further enhanced by an iterative procedure, performing channel estimation and ICI mitigation at each iteration. Theoretical analysis and simulation results for a Rayleigh fading channel show that the proposed algorithm has low computational complexity and good performance in the presence of high normalized Doppler spread.     

The Diversity Gain and ICI Suppression for OFDM Systems Over Doubly Selective Channels

How to compensate the detrimental impact of intercarrier interference (ICI) on BER performance is the key issue of signal detection for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in doubly selective channels. In this paper, we propose an optimal linear ICI suppression algorithm with successive detection based on oversampling at the receiver, by which the OFDM systems can benefit from doubly selective channels for achieving both the multipath diversity and Doppler diversity. To reduce the additional computational complexity caused by oversampling, a low complexity implementation method for this algorithm is also presented. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the BER performance with the increase of the Doppler spread and the oversampled factor.     

Downlink transmission of broadband OFCDM Systems-part II: effect of Doppler shift

The orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) system with 2-D spreading (time- and frequency-domain spreading) is becoming a promising candidate for future broadband wireless communication systems. OFCDM is more attractive than orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) both by introducing frequency-domain spreading for frequency diversity provision and time-domain spreading for flexible data rate provision. To provide high-speed mobile services, multicode transmission is employed in conjunction with OFCDM. In a Gaussian or flat-fading channel, multicode channels are orthogonal. However, in a realistic wireless channel, the orthogonality no longer maintains. Thus, multicode interference (MCI) is caused. This paper focuses on the investigation of the effect of Doppler shift on the downlink transmission of high-speed mobile OFCDM systems. A practical channel estimation algorithm based on a code-multiplexed pilot channel is employed to track the variations of fading channels. Hybrid MCI cancellation and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection proposed by the authors is employed as an efficient way to eliminate the MCI in the frequency domain. The system performance is analytically studied with imperfect channel estimation to show how it is affected by parameters such as the window size in the channel estimation, Doppler shift, the number of stages of the hybrid detection, the power ratio of pilot to data channels, spreading factor, and so on.     

Adaptive subcarrier bandwidth and power in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications

OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems are spectrally flexible and efficient, but they are vulnerable to intercarrier interference (ICI), especially in high mobility environments. High mobility of the terminal causes large Doppler frequency spread resulting in serious ICI. Such ICI severely degrades the system performance, which is ignored in the existing resource allocation of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems. In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier bandwidth along with power allocation problem in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications is investigated. This adaptive subcarrier bandwidth method should choose the suitable subcarrier bandwidth not only to balance the tradeoff between ICI and intersymbol interference but also to be large enough to tolerate an amount of Doppler frequency spread but less than the coherence bandwidth. The power budget and interference to primary users caused by cognitive radio users are imposed for primary users' protection. With these constraints, a joint optimization algorithm of subcarrier bandwidth and power allocation is proposed to maximize the bandwidth efficiency of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems in such conditions. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could maximize the system bandwidth efficiency and balance this tradeoff while satisfying the constraints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Doppler Spread Estimation for Broadband Wireless OFDM Systems Over Rician Fading Channels

In this paper, we present a new Doppler spread estimation algorithm for broadband wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with fast time-varying and frequency-selective Rayleigh or Rician fading channels. The new algorithm is developed by analyzing the statistical properties of the power of the received OFDM signal in the time domain, thus it is not affected by the influence of frequency-domain inter-carrier interference (ICI) introduced by channel variation within one OFDM symbol. The operation of the algorithm doesn’t require the knowledge of fading channel coefficients, transmitted data, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. It is robust against additive noise, and can provide accurate Doppler spread estimation with SNR as low as 0 dB. Moreover, unlike existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm takes into account the inter-tap correlation of the discrete-time channel representation, as is the case in practical systems. Simulation results demonstrate that this new algorithm can accurately estimate a wide range of Doppler spread with low estimation latency and high computational efficiency.     

面向6G的新型多址与波形技术

随着互联网终端海量接入,传统正交多址接入（orthogonal multiple access,OMA）技术接入效率低, 5G NR 系统面临拥塞及高时延问题,并且在高速场景下,基于正交频分复用（orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing,OFDM）的系统由于多普勒效应性能严重恶化。为满足6G在高速移动场景下低时延、高可靠、海量接入需求,首先,结合正交时频空间（orthogonal time frequency space,OTFS）和图样分割多址接入（pattern division multiple access,PDMA）技术,提出了一种OTFS-PDMA联合方案;然后,推导PDMA传输码字在时延-多普勒（delay-Doppler,DD）域采用不同分配方式的系统输入-输出关系;最后,提出了一种基于期望传播算法（expectation propagation algorithm,EPA）的低复杂度接收机。仿真结果表明,OTFS-PDMA较传统的OTFS-OMA技术能够显著提升误码率性能;对于规则码本,不同码字分配方案性能相似,而对于非规则码本,发送信号采用集中式扩频优于离散式扩频,且对于离散式扩频,PDMA 扩频信号沿多普勒轴分配,系统可取得较好性能;此外EPA接收机性能优于其他传统接收机。     

基于DFT-BEM模型的LOFDM系统双散射信道最大多普勒扩展估计

栅格正交频分复用（Lattice Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, LOFDM）系统凭借特殊的网格时频结构和更大的欧式距离特性,在快速移动环境下展现了卓越的抗时变、抗多径能力。最大多普勒扩展作为LOFDM系统自适应策略的重要参数之一,准确的最大多普勒扩展估计对于LOFDM系统发送信号设计以及自适应策略实现十分重要。本文针对LOFDM系统的特殊信号结构以及双散射信道的快时变特性,采用DFT-BEM信道模型近似快时变信道响应,结合快时变信道下LOFDM系统块传输接收实现,利用梳状导频辅助估计多普勒域平均信道频率响应,在此基础上利用信道响应估计值的时间相关函数实现基于F范数的信道最大多普勒扩展估计;并提出基于子空间的最大多普勒扩展估计算法,降低了噪声对最大多普勒扩展估计性能的影响,在低信噪比条件下有效改善了估计性能。