采用光学指向系统建立天马13m望远镜指向模型

描述了采用光学望远镜辅助天马13m射电望远镜进行指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 对于小口径望远镜, 指向校准目标源比较少, 用射电法建立指向模型难以覆盖全天区. 利用上海天文台天马13m射 电望远镜进行光学望远镜辅助射电望远镜指向测量研究, 在13m天线背架上安装一套光学指向系统, 获得了优 于3''的重复测量误差. 此外, 通过对影响天线指向因素的分析, 建立了包含8个误差项的指向误差修正模型以及 光轴和电轴偏差模型. 将指向模型代入天线伺服控制系统, 对校准目标射电源进行十字扫描, 得到指向样本残差约 为5''. 该研究可以为实现高精度指向建模提供一种参考方法.     

1米太阳望远镜光谱仪像旋转及消旋控制

光谱仪是1 m太阳望远镜的主要终端设备之一,该望远镜采用地平式的机架结构和修正的格里高利光学系统。在望远镜跟踪太阳时,由于地平式望远镜的自身运动特点和光学系统中平面反射镜的存在,其光谱仪狭缝所在平面上的太阳像随时间绕主光轴旋转,因此光谱仪必须进行消旋才能正常工作。首先深入研究了光谱仪狭缝平面上像的旋转变化,分析其旋转范围、速度和加速度随时角变化的特性,然后根据光谱仪消旋精度并结合像的旋转特性提出伺服系统位置检测和驱动电机的主要性能指标,最后给出光谱仪消旋伺服控制方案。     

2.4m望远镜摄谱仪狭缝监视系统

为了实现对云南天文台2.4m望远镜摄谱仪狭缝的远程监视,我们以CPLD为核心设计了CCD控制器,用PC-104嵌入式计算机采集图像,利用pcAnywhere软件实现远程数据传输,以较低的成本设计制作了一套狭缝监视系统。该系统目前已经通过测试,达到了狭缝监视的基本要求,并为下一步实现自动导星和Robotic观测打下了基础。本文详细介绍了该系统的软硬件设计和测试结果。     

光纤与库德仪狭缝前传光性能对比

本文讨论了光纤用于一米望远镜Coude摄谱仪中代替从第一面镜到Coude狭缝之间传光系统的损光情况并进行了比较。     

云南天文台Coude摄谱仪狭缝最佳使用宽度及大小准直镜的使用

本文以实测数据为基础,讨沦了云南天文台一米望远镜Coude摄谱仪狭缝的最佳使用宽度。并简要分析了大、小准直镜的使用备件。这些讨论对于极方便地确定它们的使用是行之有效的。     

哈雷彗星1986年光谱的谱线证认

1986年3—4月间,哈雷彗星的日心距为1和1.5 A.U.附近。我们使用云南天文台1米RCC望远镜和卡焦摄谱仪,取得了7张长狭缝光谱。这是我国唯一的一组哈雷彗星长狭缝光谱。光谱色散度为165(?)/mm,分辨率不小于7(?)。本文主要给出6张Kodak 103_a-O底片上3000—5100(?)波段的谱线证认结果。光谱片上主要出现了CN、C_2、C_3、CH、NH、OH等分子发射线,还可能存在NH_2、CH~+、N、H_2CO等发射线。光谱中连续辐射、吸收线较强,离子谱线少而弱,表明哈雷彗星是富尘的。OH(3090)发射线的出现既证实了卫星观测结果,又说明云南天文台的紫外观测条件是优越的。     

ASCOM在选址望远镜远程控制中的可用性研究

天文选址监测一般都处于条件非常艰苦与恶劣的环境中,对选址望远镜进行远程控制可以极大地降低对选址人员的要求,提高选址观测的质量,对于天文选址具有重要的意义.以ASCOM标准为基础,构建了基于TCP套接技术的服务端和客户端,实现了针对选址望远镜远程控制的系统原型.通过在窄带电话拨号网络上进行的实验,证明利用这种技术进行选址望远镜的远程控制是完全可行的.利用ASCOM实现的控制系统具有开发周期短,部署容易等优点,可以满足选址望远镜远程控制的要求.     

丽江2.4米望远镜多波段测光观测控制系统的设计与开发

丽江2.4 m望远镜在卡塞格林焦点上安装多个观测设备,为了最大限度地提高望远镜的观测效率,需要实现对各终端控制系统的集成控制。原有的多波段测光系统的控制程序不具备集成化的条件,需要对其进行集成化开发以满足要求。借鉴云南暗弱天体光谱成像仪和望远镜的控制系统,在Linux系统下对多波段测光系统的控制系统进行重新开发,设计并完成了3个主要部分:观测控制程序、设备控制程序和设备数据库,成功实现了多波段测光系统、云南暗弱天体光谱成像仪与望远镜统一的控制模式,使其具备与其它设备控制系统集成的能力,满足多终端集成控制的要求。     

基于线性规划的云南40米射电望远镜短期观测编排方法

望远镜自动化观测编排是望远镜观测控制系统实现自主观测必不可少的组成部分.云南天文台40 m射电望远镜需要对观测目标制定中长期和短期纲要.目前对短期目标的纲要编制,主要依赖观测人员根据经验手动实现,这种方式不仅低效耗时,更有可能导致结果明显偏离最优观测方案,不能充分利用望远镜的观测时间.使用混合整数线性规划模型分析40 ...     

球状星团NGC4147的绝对自行和颜色星等图

本文以上海天文台佘山40厘米折射望远镜于1958年拍摄的3张照相底片为第一期,印度Kavalur的234米VainuBappu望远镜于1996年用CCD拍摄的4幅图像为第二期,使用Brosche等1985年发表的球状星团NGC4147天区42颗恒星的位置和绝对自行作为参考架,用中心重叠法进行天体测量归算,得到了这个星团中心附近11'×11'天区内到B＝17.6为止115颗恒星的位置和绝对自行,利用这些自行对成员概率作了估计.本文还给出了用VainuBappu望远镜CCD测光结果得到的这个星因水平文和巨星支恒星V与B-V．V－R和V－I颜色星等图,并对这些颜色星等图和团自行作了讨论,得到这个星团的赤经方向绝对自行为-2.82±0.49mas／yr,赤纬方向绝对自行为2.37±0.43mas／yr.     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。     

On the theory of the oblateness of the Sun

In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical harmonic coefficients (J ₂ and J ₄) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J ₂=−(6.13±2.52)×10⁻⁷ if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J ₂=−(6.84±3.75)×10⁻⁷ if only sunspot data are considered, and J ₂=−(3.49±1.86)×10⁻⁷ in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J ₄=(2.8±2.1)×10⁻¹². These values are compared to some others found in the literature. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479     

Third Integral and the Dynamics of the Galaxy in the Neighborhood of the Sun

Observational data on the dynamics of stars in the neighborhood of the sun indicate the existence of a third integral besides the integrals of the angular momentum and energy. The Poincaré integral is proposed as a third integral. The consequences of this assumption are derived and compared with available astrophysical data.     

Accounting for the viscosity of the fluid core in the problem of the physical libration of the moon

A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations.     

射电日像仪灵敏度测量

灵敏度是射电望远镜的一个重要性能指标,它反映了望远镜监测弱信号的能力。基于明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)的调试观测,给出了日像仪灵敏度的测量方法,对天线系统以及整个阵列的灵敏度进行测量分析,得到了日像仪系统整体的灵敏度性能参数。测量同时给出了天线系统的效率以及接收机系统的增益,这将为下一步日像仪展开常规的科学观测提供参考。     

Calculation of the global system of the field-aligned currents on the dayside of the magnetosphere

Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time.     

Investigation of the kinematics and structure of the Galaxy in the vicinity of the North galactic pole

In the framework of the programme of studying the meridional section of the Galaxy (MEGA) the absolute proper motions of more than 11000 stars with respect to 3000 galaxies and their stellar magnitudes in the B, V Johnson system are determined in two sky regions near the North Galactic Pole (NGP) by means of Tautenburg Schmidt plates. The limiting and completing apparent stellar magnitudes are B = 20.4 and 18.3 mag, the overall and the investigated sky areas are 16.4 and 14.6 square degrees, respectively. Distances have been determined using the stellar magnitudes, colours, proper motions and reduced proper motions. Stellar kinematics, eccentricities of Galactic orbits, spatial distribution and changes of these characteristics with Z-distance from the Galactic plane are obtained up to 15 kpc. Four subsystems distinguished in the NGP direction, respectively with semithicknesses of 0.25, 0.38, 0.67, 1.48 kpc and density ellipsoid axial ratios of 0.09, 0.20, 0.28, 0.49 show mean velocities in the Galactic rotation direction relative to the LSR of 5.6 ± 0.6, − 11.0 ± 0.6, − 62.5 ± 1.2, − 181.6 ± 4.4 km/s, and ages of 0.1, 0.4, 0.9, 1 of the Galaxy age.