裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.     

细茎石斛花朵挥发性成分分析

为了探究细茎石斛花朵释放的挥发性成分特点,该研究利用固相微萃取(SPME)法结合GC-MS技术,检测了花色为黄绿的细茎石斛花朵不同花期、不同部位的挥发性成分和相对含量,还比较了黄绿色、白色和白色带淡紫色等三种花色的挥发性成分。结果表明:花色黄绿的细茎石斛花朵挥发性化合物成分总计为59种,其中盛花期最复杂(含有41种),这些成分归属于烯类、芳香族化合物、含氮化合物、酯类、醇类和醛酮类。在不同花期检测到的挥发性成分中,(1R)-(+)-α蒎烯相对含量始终最高,保持在27%以上;始花期和盛花期释放且相对含量较高的成分有顺-芳樟醇氧化物、β-水芹烯、柠檬烯、罗勒烯、(1S-cis)-4,7-二甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-1,2,3,5,6,8α-六氢萘和乙酸芳樟酯,相对含量均高于5%;衣兰烯于花蕾期相对含量最高,衰落期消失。这8种化合物可能是细茎石斛花香释放的主要香气成分或特征成分。在花色黄绿的细茎石斛盛开期的两个开花部位中,花瓣的挥发性成分有27种,蕊柱17种,其中烯类物质分别占74.16%和79.06%,花瓣可能是细茎石斛主要的释香部位。三个花色的细茎石斛盛花期挥发性化合物均在40种左右,既有成分的差异又有含量的差别,其中有25种为共同含有,三个花色均是(1R)-(+)-α蒎烯相对含量最高,含量在27%左右。这表明烯类物质是影响细茎石斛花香的重要化合物,不仅对细茎石斛产品开发提供了参考,而且还为其花香基因工程育种奠定了基础。     

不同产地生姜主要活性成分的比较分析北大核心CSCD

为全面评价生姜质量,通过GC-MS和HPLC法分别对不同产地生姜样品中挥发油和姜辣素进行比较分析。结果从9种生姜挥发油中分别鉴定了24~28种化学成分,占挥发油总量的85.31%~93.67%,主要为β-水芹烯(9.96%~20.15%)、莰烯(3.54%~14.53%)、柠檬醛(6.52%~12.49%)、β-柠檬醛(3.96%~7.44%)、姜烯(13.81%~19.74%)、姜黄烯(tr^5.52%)、β-倍半水芹烯(5.08%~6.22%)和β-红没药烯(2.63%~3.34%)等单萜和倍半萜类活性成分。9种生姜样品中6-姜辣素含量在0.067%~0.391%之间,均达到了现行中国药典不低于0.05%的规定。可见不同产地生姜主要活性成分含量差异较大。故以生姜的主要特征性有效成分姜烯、姜黄烯与6-姜酚共同作为其质量评价指标,将更加科学合理。     

不同产地生姜主要活性成分的比较分析

为全面评价生姜质量,通过GC-MS和HPLC法分别对不同产地生姜样品中挥发油和姜辣素进行比较分析。结果从9种生姜挥发油中分别鉴定了24~28种化学成分,占挥发油总量的85.31%~93.67%,主要为β-水芹烯(9.96%~20.15%)、莰烯(3.54%~14.53%)、柠檬醛(6.52%~12.49%)、β-柠檬醛(3.96%~7.44%)、姜烯(13.81%~19.74%)、姜黄烯(tr~5.52%)、β-倍半水芹烯(5.08%~6.22%)和β-红没药烯(2.63%~3.34%)等单萜和倍半萜类活性成分。9种生姜样品中6-姜辣素含量在0.067%~0.391%之间,均达到了现行中国药典不低于0.05%的规定。可见不同产地生姜主要活性成分含量差异较大。故以生姜的主要特征性有效成分姜烯、姜黄烯与6-姜酚共同作为其质量评价指标,将更加科学合理。     

Volatile components of Polygonum hydropiper distributed in Guizhou Province

采用固相微萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取出贵州产辣蓼的挥发性成分,运用GC-MS联用技术对挥发性成分进行分析鉴定,并采用峰面积归一法确定各成分的相对含量.固相微萃取物中鉴定出48个化合物,主要有β-石竹烯(27.02％),正癸醇(14.39％),十二醛(12.96％)等,水蒸气蒸馏物中鉴定出27个化合物,β-红没药烯(19.00％),补身树醇(15.25％),十二醛(14.41％)等.辣蓼中挥发性成分经两种不同提取方法成分存在明显差异.与文献数据比较,不同省区产的辣蓼挥发性成分差异很大.体外抗菌试验表明,辣蓼挥发性成分具有抑菌作用,这些研究结果为辣蓼的有效利用提供了依据.     

山胡椒果实挥发性物质的化学成分分析

采用SPME-GC/MS联用技术分析山胡椒果实挥发性成分,共分离出57个化学成分,其中匹配度大于等于80%的化合物有45种,占果实挥发性物质含量的78.94%。其中柠檬醛、石竹烯和(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛是含量最高的三种物质,相对含量为分别为23.09%、22.04%、17.23%,占整个挥发性物质的62.36%。     

不同品种番石榴花的挥发性成分分析

为探究番石榴(Psidium guajava)花挥发性成分组成,采用顶空/气相色谱-质谱联用技术对10个番石榴品种(‘翠玉’、‘帝王’、‘本土’、‘红叶’、‘粉红蜜’、‘珍珠’、‘西瓜’、‘水蜜’、‘木瓜’和‘红宝石’)花的挥发性成分进行鉴定分析。结果表明,10个品种共检出相对含量在0.1%以上的挥发性成分43种,包含共有成分10种,以萜烯类化合物(89.77%～97.40%)为主。β-石竹烯、β-罗勒烯、桉叶油醇和D-柠檬烯为花主要挥发性成分。影响品种间挥发性成分差异的成分主要有7种,分别为α-蒎烯、β-罗勒烯、D-柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、香树烯、β-长叶蒎烯和1-异丙基-4,7-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢萘。按照香气相似性,‘翠玉’和‘帝王’归为一类,‘水蜜’和‘本土’归为一类,‘粉红蜜’、‘西瓜’、‘红叶’、‘木瓜’和‘红宝石’归为一类,‘珍珠’为单独一类。不同品种番石榴花挥发性成分存在相似性和差异性,为番石榴花混合采摘及后期个性化开发利用提供理论基础。     

华山松球果挥发性萜类成分研究

选择7月份的华山松球果。用GC-MS分析了健康果和受害果萜类挥发物成分。结果表明,华山松球果挥发成分25种,其中单萜17种。倍半萜8种,7种主要成分均为单萜组分,它们是a-蒎烯、β-非兰烯／4-侧柏烯、β-蒎烯、β-香叶烯、D-柠檬烯和异松油烯。球果受害后,单萜、倍半萜种类没有变化,除β-蒎烯含量减少外,单萜总量和各组分的含量明显增加。其中β-非兰烯／4-侧柏烯含量增加最多;而倍半萜各组分相对含量变化很小。同时,比较了水蒸气蒸馏和二氯甲烷浸提的分析结果。认为水蒸气蒸馏法不适合华山松球果挥发成分的研究。     

柠檬和莱檬果皮精油挥发性成分分析

利用气质联用技术(GC-MS),对云南德宏栽培的小莱檬、塔西提2个莱檬品种和费米耐劳、尤力克、艾伦尤力克3个柠檬品种的果皮精油挥发性成分进行研究。结果表明,小莱檬、塔西提、费米耐劳、尤力克、艾伦尤力克柠檬果皮精油中分别检测到17、24、23、20、27种挥发性成分,烯烃类物质是莱檬和柠檬果皮精油挥发性的主要组分,其中特征香气成分D-柠檬烯含量最高,β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯次之。塔西提莱檬特征香气成分物质种类和含量高于小莱檬,艾伦尤力克柠檬中烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类和酮类物质的种类和含量均高于费米耐劳柠檬和尤力克柠檬,主要特征香气成分含量也最高。     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS的襄荷不同部位挥发性成分分析

探讨襄荷不同部位的挥发性成分差异,以便从襄荷植株提取天然香料成分。本研究采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定襄荷不同部位(根、茎、叶、花苞)中的挥发性成分。结果表明：从襄荷四个部位中共鉴定了197种化合物,其中根92种,茎67种,叶64种,花苞96种。烯烃类和醇类化合物是各部位中的主要挥发性化合物,而桧烯(sabinene)为根和花苞中含量最高的化合物,约占13%,但在叶中的含量只有1.98%。β-蒎烯(β-pinene)为茎和叶中含量最高的化合物,在叶中的含量占到53.46%。此外,α-蒎烯(α-pinene)、隐品酮(cryptone)、α-松油醇(α-terpineol)等化合物在襄荷各部位挥发性成分中的占比也较高。襄荷不同部位中均有其特殊的挥发性成分,共有的挥发性成分为23种。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.