基于SEM的科研创新团队知识共享影响因素研究

文章从基于SEM的科研创新团队知识共享的概念出发,重点分析了SEM实证结果,包括综合影响情况、知识共享主体、知识共享渠道、知识特性的影响情况以及知识共享环境的影响情况等,重点探讨了基于SEM的高校科研团队的知识共享水平影响因素,包括团队成员间的上下级关系、团队文化和团队氛围、团队评价制度等,以期为相关的理论研究和具体的实践工作提供一定的借鉴。     

敏捷软件开发过程改进的行动框架

现在越来越多的软件开发项目采用敏捷软件开发方法,但是项目团队在采用敏捷软件开发过程中总是会遇到各种各样的问题,而现有敏捷软件开发方法仅仅提出了用团队自适应的方法去调整开发实践,缺少进一步的指导性和操作性。结合和参考多种过程改进开发方法制定了一整套完整的行动框架,帮助项目组从实施敏捷开发过程的不成熟的状态改进成成熟的状态,解决遇到的各种实际问题。     

敏捷软件开发过程改进的行动框架

现在越来越多的软件开发项目采用敏捷软件开发方法。但是项目团队在采用敏捷软件开发过程中总是会遇到各种各样的问题。而现有敏捷软件开发方法仅仅提出了用团队自适应的方法去调整开发实践，缺少进一步的指导性和操作性。结合和参考多种过程改进开发方法制定了一整套完整的行动框架，帮助项目组从实施敏捷开发过程的不成熟的状态改进成成熟的状态，解决遇到的各种实际问题。     

敏捷软件开发过程改进的行动框架

现在越来越多的软件开发项目采用敏捷软件开发方法,但是项目团队在采用敏捷软件开发过程中总是会遇到各种各样的问题,而现有敏捷软件开发方法仅仅提出了用团队自适应的方法去调整开发实践,缺少进一步的指导性和操作性.结合和参考多种过程改进开发方法制定了一整套完整的行动框架,帮助项目组从实施敏捷开发过程的不成熟的状态改进成成熟的状态,解决遇到的各种实际问题.     

软件项目管理的计划和控制方法研究

随着信息技术的不断发展,软件行业的开发规模也在不断的发展壮大,通过个人方式进行软件开发的模式已经逐渐不能适应软件开发行业的发展现状.为了提高软件开发水平和效率,各个软件开发企业都在软件开发过程中采取科学的软件管理方案,如何将项目管理科学引入软件开发的过程中已经成为软件开发行业需要深入探究的问题.在进行软件开发的过程中,通过软件项目的计划与控制管理已经成为软件开发项目顺利进行的重要保障,与其他项目相比软件项目具有其特殊性.软件开发属于知识产品实体化,不易把握项目的进度和质量,其次软件开发项目是一个复杂的系统性工程,鉴于软件开发项目的特点,软件开发项目管理还很不成熟,本文中对软件开发项目管理的具体方法进行研究,以为软件企业实施软件项目管理提供参考.     

区域制造信息化在项目管理体系中的应用

阐述有效地对区域制造业信息化工程项目进行管理,需要构建区域制造信息项目管理体系,包括单个项目管理、项目团队管理、项目组合管理,探讨在实施过程中,归纳出技术组织实施过程中待解决的关键问题,通过建立项目团队,进行关键研究、软件开发、应用展示,从而运用项目管理方法,全面推广区域制造信息。     

UML在高校教材管理系统中的应用

UML是当前面向对象分析和设计过程中使用的一种建模语言,是重要的图形化建模工具。UML能让系统开发者用标准的、易于理解的方式表达出对系统正确、完整的认识,并有利于在开发团队中进行有效地沟通和共享。研究使用UML进行高校教材管理系统的建模,进行软件开发,可以缩短项目开发周期,降低了代码数量,提高了系统的可维护性。     

高校知识管理水平评价体系研究

为评价高校知识管理水平,首先提出了高校知识管理内容体系,包括构建高校知识共享体系;营造共享知识的文化氛围,构建知识社会化和外化的激励机制;发展校外网络,创建知识联盟和建立知识管理评估体系。然后结合高校自身的特点,研究了高校知识管理水平评价指标体系,设计了共有6个一级指标和25个二级指标的高校知识管理水平评价体系。     

面向共享的地图符号可用性指标构建研究

首先依据可用性概念提出了地图符号的可用性,并从有效性、效率、满意度三个方面明确了地图符号可用性的评价内容.而后总结了六种专题制图方法和视觉变量的关联关系,在此基础上构建了面向共享的地图符号可用性指标,并将其应用在不同的专题地图制图任务和地图符号共享过程中.应用表明,文章构建的地图符号可用性指标,充分遵循评价指标的构建原...     

浅析项目管理方法在软件开发中的有效应用

IT行业飞速发展,项目管理应用于软件开发之中的理念应运而生。本文针对软件开发项目管理存在的问题,提出相应的行之有效的对策,以实现软件开发过程中资源的优化配置目的。     

Antecedents of Coordination Effectiveness of Software Developer Dyads From Interacting Teams: An Empirical Investigation

Among the numerous reasons for software project failure, coordination problems are especially salient. Prior studies on coordination in software development are confined to team internal coordination and do not explicitly differentiate team internal and external coordination processes. This study presents a research model to explain the antecedents of coordination effectiveness of software developer dyads from interacting teams. Dyads in this study refer to software developer pairs where each member comes from a different team. We explore the antecedents by integrating interpersonal and technology-based coordination. We test this model using data collected from 59 software developer Dyads from interacting teams as well as from software developer leaders. The results reveal that the implicit knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on coordination effectiveness. The use of explicit knowledge sharing and coordination technology have no statistically significant impact on coordination effectiveness although the teams studied were working predominantly in a collocated mode. Mutual trust and project commitment have a significant impact on knowledge sharing with mutual trust directly affecting both implicit and explicit knowledge sharing. Project commitment also has a direct impact on explicit knowledge sharing and mutual trust, but it does not directly affect implicit knowledge sharing. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed. Limitations of this study are identified. Future research directions are also presented.     

Leadership of information systems development projects

How best to lead an information systems project team continues to be an open issue. For three decades, the research literature has contrasted between the leadership of the "chief programmer" led team to that of the "egoless" software team with little clarity as to what is appropriate leadership and under what circumstances. Software project teams, like other knowledge teams, are characterized by distributed expertise, the reliance on methodologies, high levels of collaboration, as well as the need to meet the expectations of a diverse set of stakeholders. We propose a theoretical model of information systems project team leadership that focuses on empowering and directive leadership practices and investigate whether this leadership is more effective than the use of traditional coordination mechanisms; we also test whether these relationships are moderated by factors such as task uncertainty or professional experience. We test this model using data from 69 software development teams. Our results indicate that empowering leadership has an important impact on team performance but only under conditions of high task uncertainty or team expertise.     

Team Task Skills as a Facilitator for Application and Development Skills

Software development requires the application of diverse skills from various sources. Often these are considered to be skills in development methodologies, application domains, and accomplishing general team tasks. Previous research, however, fails to establish a direct link between skills present in the development team and successful performance of the software development project. In an attempt to determine a more accurate representation of the importance of skills in the project, we develop a model that considers team task skills as a moderator to the more specific application domain and development methods skills. A survey of software development professionals validates the model indicating that basic skills in completing team tasks facilitate other skills in achieving improved project performance. In the short term, project teams must be formed to include a higher level of team task skills. An organization should also consider team task skills to be primary in hiring and training policies to improve software project performance.      

An Ontology-Based Multi-Agent System for Active Software Engineering Ontology

The ongoing trend towards multi-site software development not only brings the benefits but also creates additional challenges regarding remote communication and coordination. The Software Engineering Ontology (SE Ontology) was first developed to clarify the software engineering concepts and project information, and to enable knowledge sharing among dispersed teams. However, the current SE Ontology has the same passive structure as other ontologies that exist on the Web. Passive structure refers to a need to know exactly the concepts and relationships to which users are referring in the ontology. Otherwise, he/she may not be able to obtain the knowledge required. What is needed is active support that can help users find the information they need and provide them with meaningful output. In this paper, we propose an active Software Engineering Ontology through Multi-Agent System (SEOMAS) framework which is intended to provide active support to access software engineering domain knowledge and to recommend software project information captured in the SE Ontology. The UML and Agent UML are used to formalise the SEOMAS framework and to model interactions between the various agents. The prototype is developed and evaluated using several scenarios of the online shopping system development as a case study.     

Knowledge Sharing Agents Over the World Wide Web

Large and increasing amounts of information are now available both on the Internet and on corporate intranets. With the availability of these vast networked information resources comes a requirement for tools to manage the information and provide users with the information they want, when they want it.This paper describes a system which facilitates and encourages the sharing of knowledge between groups of users within (or perhaps across) organisations. KSE (knowledge sharing environment) is a system of information agents for organising, summarising and sharing knowledge from a number of sources, including the World Wide Web, an organisation's internal intranet or from other users. Users are organised into closed user groups or communities of interest with related or overlapping interests. Such groups could be members of a project team, students studying the same subject (perhaps at different institutions), members of an organisational department, and so on. As well as sharing explicit (codified) knowledge, the sharing of tacit knowledge is encouraged via the automatic suggestion of, and support for, contact between people with mutual concerns or interests.     

Project scheduling conflict identification and resolution using genetic algorithms (GA)

Project management has gained a lot of application in software development activity in the past two decades. It is now considered to be one of the most critical component of software development lifecycle. Project management is traditionally defined as the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing activities and resources for successful execution and completion of project goals and objectives. In this respect, project management holds a key position in satisfactory completion of projects. That is the reason that we have a complete knowledge domain we know as software project management (SPM). The main purpose of SPM is to achieve all the project goals and objectives while working within the constraints posed by project environment and stakeholders. These constraints include (but not limited to) time, scope, resources, resource allocation and optimization etc. Successful project planning involved careful selection and synchronization of resources in order to achieve satisfactory completion of projects. These resources include human resource, rime, infrastructure etc. While planning software projects, it is natural to be confronted with various conflicts in resource allocation. It becomes a very time consuming activity to identify and sort out these conflicts when project size is large and time constraints are severe. A good project management activity is one which can effectively foresee these conflicts and resolve them in an optimal fashion. Computationally intelligent techniques are a good candidate to be used for the purpose of automation of this task. In this paper, a genetic algorithm based technique for conflict identification and resolution for project activities has been proposed. The effectiveness and utility of such a technique has also been discussed in this paper. The technique has been subjected to extensive experimentation and results have been presented.     

Sharing knowledge and building communities in signal processing

There is a great need for information technologies for developing and delivering quality, up-to-date educational materials that convey to all learners that knowledge is a dynamic continuum that stretches across disciplines. To address this need, an experimental, open-source/open-content initiative, called the Connexions Project, was initiated. The Connexions Project offers an alternative to the way textbooks and other learning materials are created, maintained, and used. By design, Connexions greatly impacts current modes of teaching and learning, and the development and sharing of knowledge. In combination with powerful software tools which consist of an XML language, Connexions gives learner free access to educational materials that can be readily manipulated to suit their individual learning styles as they explore links among concepts. The free software tools also foster the development, manipulation, and continuous refinement of educational material by diverse communities of authors and instructor. An overview of the philosophy and progress of the project is presented, with a particular emphasis on its application to the area of signal processing.     

Managing Virtual Teams: Getting the Most From Wikis, Blogs, and Other Collaborative Tools [Book review; Brown, M.K. et al.; 2007]

This book bridges two fields - the management of teams and the use of collaborative software tools to support work in the virtual team environment. It is divided into two parts: the first addressing the managing of virtual teams and the second an evaluation of software tools to support the virtual teams. Chapter 1 discusses team dynamics in a virtual team. Chapter 2 concerns the establishment of a virtual team. Chapter 3 discusses the choice of particular collaborative tools. Chapter 4 addresses decisions about communicating with the team, while Chapter 5 addresses the issues of coordinating the team. In Chapter 6, the authors advocate the use of a wiki for authorship of documents, while in Chapter 7, they discuss the conduct of project reviews. Chapter 8 concerns the processes required to manage risk and change, while Chapter 9 wraps up Part 1 by discussing the evaluation of projects. Part 2 describes the general classes of tools available, the variety of features available in tools, and the interaction of those features with different types of of situations presented in virtual team work. The chapters of this part deal with the general approach used by the authors, the issues of installation, customization and security, collaborative software suites, meeting and communication tools, information broadcasting tools, information sharing tools, information gathering tools, "push" technologies, and wikis. The guidance provided in this book will be of considerable assistance to anyone making decisions about appropriate tools to support collaborative virtual teamwork.     

软件维护项目中变更管理方法的研究与应用

大多数国内软件公司在软件开发和维护项目过程中,普遍存在着对变更无法有效控制,造成工期延迟、工作量和成本远超预算、客户满意度和项目利润率低等问题。本文对软件项目的变更管理提出了一种比较可行的方法,平衡了直接用户、客户（出资方）和项目组的利益,取得了较好的效果。