高频谐振载荷作用下Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端力学参数变化规律

为研究高频谐振式疲劳裂纹扩展试验中带有Ⅰ型预制裂纹的紧凑拉伸(CT)试件裂纹尖端力学参数的变化规律,利用动态有限元方法,采用ANSYS和MATLAB软件编写程序,计算了CT试件在高频恒幅正弦交变载荷作用下,在一个应力循环及裂纹扩展到不同长度时裂纹尖端区域的位移、应变场及裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,并分析了其变化规律。在计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子时,首先采用静态有限元方法和理论公式验证了有限元建模和计算的正确性,然后采用动态有限元方法研究了裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化规律。最后进行了高频谐振式疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用动态高精度应变仪测量了裂纹扩展到不同阶段时裂纹尖端点的应变,并对有限元计算结果进行了验证。研究结果表明：在稳态裂纹扩展阶段,高频谐振载荷作用下Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端位移、应变及应力强度因子均为与载荷同一形式的交变量;随着裂纹的扩展,Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端的位移、应变及应力强度因子幅不断增大;静态应力强度因子有限元计算值和理论值的误差为2.51%,裂纹尖端点应变有限元计算结果和试验结果最大误差为2.93% 。     

应用改进的虚拟裂纹闭合方法求解三维裂纹应力强度因子

基于有限元计算结果计算结构的能量释放率,利用能量释放率来计算结构的应力强度因子。本文对现有的虚拟裂纹闭合方法作了改进,即应用本文改进的虚拟裂纹闭合方法求解三维裂纹体应力强度因子时,裂纹前缘的裂纹面可以是任意形状,且裂纹前缘的有限元单元宽度可以不等。文中以三维表面裂纹为例,应用改进的虚拟裂纹闭合方法计算了该结构的应力强度因子,同时讨论了裂纹前缘有限单元宽度对应力强度因子的影响。     

含裂铆接搭接板应力强度因子分析方法

针对工程中广泛存在的铆接搭接结构断裂问题，充分考虑搭接板裂纹通过铆钉后铆钉继续传力的特点，利用位移连续条件，提出裂尖应力强度因子有限元分析模型。计算典型铆接搭接结构应力强度因子曲线，分析所提模型及其计算结果的合理性、正确性。提出的计算方法为铆接搭接结构应力强度因子提供了便捷、有效的分析手段，所得结果可供工程结构损伤容限分析时参考。     

用有限元法计算自增强厚壁圆筒的应力强度因子

本文提供了计算含裂纹自增强厚壁筒应力强度因子的有限元方法。将自增强产生的自相平衡的残余应力转换为裂纹面上作用的等效载荷进行 K_1计算,自增强残余应力的计算,考虑了厚壁筒用钢具有强化和包辛格效应的真实性能.在分析了有限元计算规律的基础上,给出了便于工程应用的、适合于各种材料和自增强程度的应力强度因子公式。     

304不锈钢紧凑拉伸裂尖应力强度因子有限元分析

304不锈钢结构在工程应用中经常发生疲劳断裂.利用有限元数值模拟方法对304不锈钢制成的紧凑拉伸试样进行二维分析,通过J积分计算应力强度因子.使问题满足平面应力条件,通过对数据处理,分析载荷大小和裂纹长度对应力强度因子的影响.把有限元计算的结果和经验公式对比,分析误差及有限元方法的可行性.     

基于ABAQUS的不同形式裂纹前端建模分析

以带有裂口的3点弯曲试件为研究对象,通过计算得出该模型应力强度因子的理论值.基于ABAQUS软件帮助文档提供的2种不同裂纹前端建模方法,对静载下试件分别进行断裂力学的仿真计算,得到相应的应力强度因子.并将理论计算和2种不同裂纹前端建模方式的模型有限元仿真计算中的应力强度因子进行了比较和分析.     

单向拉伸有限板中心椭圆孔边裂纹应力强度因子的估算近似公式

在现有的有限宽板修正系数公式的基础上，通过有限元计算分析，给出了一个较为理想的有限宽板修正系数公式。结合文中的无限板中心椭圆孔边裂纹的应力强度因子估算式，能很好地解决有限宽板中心椭圆孔边裂纹的应力强度因子的计算。有限元计算表明公式具有足够的精度。     

旋压皮带轮的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命计算

基于线弹性断裂力学理论,利用Workbench有限元软件在旋压皮带轮拉应力最大处建立沿周向的初始裂纹的三维有限元模型,计算了该模型的裂纹前缘应力强度因子,得到旋压皮带轮以Ⅰ类为主的张开型裂纹类型结论;接着建立不同裂纹扩展模型,仿真计算得到各裂纹前缘的应力强度因子和应力强度因子幅;根据Paris经验公式和拟合后ΔK-a曲线计算,得到了旋压皮带轮裂纹扩展寿命。该计算裂纹扩展寿命的方法为旋压皮带轮的安全设计提供了一种新途径,具有积极的参考意义。     

光弹性法和有限元法对应力强度因子的求解

为了探讨应力强度因子的计算方法,应用光弹性法和有限元法分别对含单边裂纹的紧凑拉伸试件进行实验分析和数值计算,给出有限元计算断裂问题的详细步骤以及光弹性法中通过求形状因子间接得到应力强度因子的实验过程。结果表明实验值与有限元计算值相吻合。有限元计算能够为优化设计提供较便捷的手段,而实验可以校验数值计算的正确性。两者可以取长补短,发挥各自的优势,可以更好地解决工程问题。     

表面裂纹拟协调有限元分析

一、前言近二十年来,很多研究者用不同的方法计算了拉伸和弯曲载荷下半椭圆表面裂纹的应力强度因子,文献[2]对二十多种主要的表面裂纹应力强度因子计算结果进行了综合评定,认为Newman-Raju的有限元计算结果与实验符合最好。有限元的优点是适用于各种复杂形状的结构,但往往计算量很大。如Newm-     

Pipe crack identification based on finite element method of second generation wavelets

In this paper, a new method is presented to identify crack location and size, which is based on stress intensity factor suitable for pipe structure and finite element method of second generation wavelets (SGW-FEM). Pipe structure is dispersed into a series of nested thin-walled pipes. By making use of stress intensity factor of the thin-walled pipe, a new calculation method of crack equivalent stiffness is proposed to solve the stress intensity factor of the pipe structure. On this basis, finite element method of second generation wavelets is used to establish the dynamic model of cracked pipe. Then we combine forward problem with inverse problem in order to establish quantitative identification method of the crack based on frequency change, which provides a non-destructive testing technology with vibration for the pipe structure. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experiments.     

Second Generation Wavelet Finite Element and Rotor Cracks Quantitative Identification Method

The presence of cracks in the rotor is one of the most dangerous and critical defects for rotating machinery. Defect of fatigue cracks may lead to long out-of-service periods, heavy damages of machines and severe economic consequences. With the method of finite element, vibration behavior of cracked rotors and crack detection was received considerable attention in the academic and engineering field. Various researchers studied the response of a cracked rotor and most of them are focused on the crack detection based on vibration behavior of cracked rotors. But it is often difficult to identify the crack parameters quantitatively. Second generation wavelets (SGW) finite element has good ability in modal analysis for singularity problems like a cracked rotor. Based on the fact that the feature of SGW could be designed depending on applications, a multiresolution finite element method is presented. The new model of SGW beam element is constructed. The first three natural frequencies of the rotor with different crack location and size were solved with SGW beam elements, and the database for crack diagnosis is obtained. The first three metrical natural frequencies are employed as inputs of the database and the intersection of the three frequencies contour lines predicted the normalized crack location and size. With the Bently RK4 rotor test rig, rotors with different crack location and size are tested and diagnosed. The experimental results denote the cracks quantitative identification method has higher identification precision. With SGW finite element method, a novel method is presented that has higher precision and faster computing speed to identify the crack location and size.     

基于解析有限元的齿根裂纹时变啮合刚度计算方法

当齿轮发生故障时,时变啮合刚度的变化能够反映齿轮故障特征大小。因此,时变啮合刚度在齿轮传动过程中是一个重要的动力学参数。提出一种新的齿根裂纹啮合刚度计算方法,即解析有限元法（Analytical-finite element method,A-FM）。考虑到齿轮发生故障时,啮合刚度解析模型计算精度较低,将应力强度因子引入裂纹齿轮的啮合刚度计算过程。首先定义应力强度因子与啮合刚度之间的关系,通过建立齿轮接触模型计算裂纹尖端附近的应力强度因子,然后将计算结果替代解析模型中故障刚度部分。由于应力强度因子能够敏感地识别齿根裂纹的局部微小变化,故该方法相比于解析法具有更高的计算精度,相比于有限元法具备更快的计算效率。同时,建立6自由度动力学模型,通过对其振动响应进行分析,仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性。     

Simulations and experimental investigation on motion stability of a flexible rotor-bearing system with a transverse crack

In the classical process for stability studies on the rotor-bearing system with crack faults, the simple discrete model is adopted for research on such problems, which neglect some needful dynamical influence factor, such as the material damping, shearing effect and gyroscopic effects, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to find a precise calculation model for simulation of the rotor-bearing system with cracks faults. In this paper, instead of the traditional simple discrete model, finite element （FE） model is adopted to investigate the motion stability of a nonlinear rotor system with crack fault. According to finite element theory, the FE model of the cracked rotor system is established firstly. It should be pointed out that the element where the crack occurs is modeled by a particular crack element and the supports at both ends are simulated by two nonlinear loads. Then, based on dimensionless and dimensionality reduction, the Newmark-[3 method and the shooting method are employed to study the effect of eccentricity and the depth of crack on instability speed and bifurcation feature. Furthermore, the simulation results are verified by some corresponding experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that instability speed does not change monotonically, but decreases firstly and then increases when the amount of eccentricity increases. Moreover, as the type of instability changes, the instability speed jumps concomitantly. Additionally, the presence of crack fault can disturb the oil whirl, as a result, instability speed tends to increase slightly, but it does not affect the type of instability and jumping phenomenon. This research presents an effective and convenient method which uses the finite element method （FEM） to research the motion stability of the nonlinear rotor-bearing system with cracked faults and other nonlinear force, and the proposed method can provide a theoretical reference for stability analysis and vibration control in more complex relevant rotor-bearing system.     

基于有限元位移模式的含裂纹梁结构动力学模型

针对裂纹的存在将降低梁的刚度的实际情形,首先根据断裂力学理论,引入裂纹梁因裂纹扩展而释放的应变能表达式,然后根据金属材料的特点,运用有限元位移法建立裂纹梁单元的动力学模型,再在梁单元模型的基础上应用有限元位移法建立裂纹梁结构的动力学方程。研究表明：基于有限元位移模式所建立的动力学方程较好地体现了裂纹梁动态性能与其结构参数和裂纹参数之间的内在关系,反映了裂纹的位置及长度对含裂纹梁结构动态性能的影响,为建立含裂纹梁结构动力学模型提供了一种新的有效方法。最后通过实例对理论分析结果进行了验证。     

E-BA101乙烷裂解炉对流段翅片管开裂原因分析

某石化公司烯烃厂E-BA101乙烷裂解炉对流段顶部翅片管发生开裂。本文对发生开裂失效的翅片管进行了宏观形貌分析及理化检验，并对翅片管模型进行了有限元计算，通过综合分析翅片管发生开裂失效的原因。     

基于有限元的损伤结构功率流可视化研究

基于有限元法对裂纹损伤结构的功率流进行可视化研究.引入结构声强的概念,给出有限元壳单元和实体单元中结构声强的表达式.给出流线可视化的概念,并应用到结构声强流线的可视化中.利用1/4点单元法来模拟裂纹,计算得到了裂纹结构在不同裂纹参数和不同激励频率下的位移响应矢量图、声强矢量图和流线图.实现了结构表面能量分布、传播以及在裂纹位置周围的分布的可视化,为掌握振动能量在损伤结构的分布、损伤的识别提供了新的手段.     

V形切口尖端裂纹起裂方向的主应力判别准则及其验证

围绕V形切口尖端裂纹起裂方向,分析了V形切口尖端裂纹应力场、位移场、应力强度因子,提出了裂纹起裂方向的主应力判别准则。首先,详细给出了V形切口尖端应力应变场的求解方法,通过裂纹尖端场本征值的三次线性拟合及误差分析,确定了V形切口尖端裂纹位移场;然后,建立了V形切口尖端的数值分析模型,运用数值计算方法确定了应力强度因子和切口强度因子,提出了V形切口尖端裂纹起裂方向的主应力判断准则,给出了外推法求解分析过程;最后,以LY8为试验材料,在张角2β＝60°的V形切口情况下,对提出的V形切口尖端裂纹起裂方向计算方法与判别准则进行了试验验证。     

Experimental and numerical determination of critical stress intensity factor of aluminum curved thin sheets under tensile stress

We determined the fracture toughness of aluminum curved thin sheets using tensile stress tests and finite element method. We applied Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and Feddersen procedure to evaluate stress intensity factor of the samples with central wire-cut cracks and fatigue cracks with different lengths to investigate the notch radius effect. Special fixture design was utilized to establish uniform stress distribution at the crack zone. Less than 9 % difference was found between the wire-cut and the fatigue cracked samples. Since generating central fatigue crack with different lengths required so much effort, wire-cut cracked samples were used to determine critical stress intensity factor. Finite element analysis was also performed on one-quarter of the specimen using both the singular Borsum elements and the regular isoparametric elements to further investigate fracture toughness of the samples. It was observed that the singular elements presented better results than the isoparametric ones. A slight difference was also found between the results obtained from finite element method using singular elements and the experimental results.     

Effect of crack on the impact response of plates by the extended finite element method (X-FEM)

The dynamic response of cracked isotropic plates subjected to impact loading is studied in this paper. The impact properties of cracked plate are compared with the virgin ones to predict the eventual presence of discontinuities in plates. The extended finite element method (X-FEM) is employed in the mathematical modeling of the impact problem, wherein the effects of shear deformation is considered. Conventional finite element without any discontinuity is initially conducted in the numerical implementation. Enriched functions are then added to the nodal displacement field for element nodes that contain cracks. The effects of crack length and crack position on contact force and on plate deflection are analyzed. Results show that the maximal contact force decreases as the deflection increases with increasing crack length a. The effect of crack position on the dynamic response is less pronounced when the crack is near the fixed end.