青春期学生性心理健康及家庭影响因素分析

了解泰州市青春期学生性心理健康现状及家庭影响因素,为学校、家庭性心理健康教育提出针对性意见.方法 采用分层整群抽样法抽取泰州市小学高年级、初中和高中1 215名青春期学生进行问卷调查,对数据进行统计分析.结果 青春期学生性心理总分中等(3.82±0.52),其中性知识得分低(3.31±1.00),性适应良好(4.29±0.68);女生性态度、性控制力方面优于男生(t值分别为4.53,6.96,P值均<0.01);生理知识、性知识、性观念及自身适应4个维度随着学历的提高均有明显进步(F值分别为157.18,85.18,85.96,65.54,P值均<0.01);家庭中亲子关系、父母是否对子女进行性教育、是否为独生子女、父母的学历、儿童早期与父母长期分离经历和家庭经济状况等对青春期学生性心理发展有预测作用(P值均<0.05).结论 泰州市青春期学生性心理健康现状良好,应着重加强其性知识教育;要促进青春期学生性心理健康,家庭因素的影响应受到更多重视.     

山东省青少年性心理健康状况调查

目的了解山东省青少年性心理健康状况,为青少年性心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用青春期性心理健康量表,对山东省6地市的3240名城乡初、高中的学生进行调查。结果总体上,山东省青少年性心理健康水平中等偏上,男生的性认知和性适应得分高于女生(27.91±7.21 vs 26.42±6.10,P0.001),女生的性价值观得分高于男生(32.68±4.95 vs 31.94±5.44,P0.001)。初中生和高中生的性认知得分为(26.34±6.66)、(28.68±6.51)分,性价值观得分为(32.06±5.22)、(32.88±5.06)分,性适应得分为(68.01±9.52)、(72.43±8.51)分,且3个维度得分高中生均显著高于初中生(P0.001)。农村和城市的中学生的性认知得分为(26.34±6.06)、(27.93±7.21)分,性价值观得分为(32.09±5.12)、(32.60±5.24)分,性适应得分为(68.44±8.86)、(70.75±9.86)分,且3个维度得分城市中学生均显著高于农村中学生(P0.05)。结论山东省青少年性心理健康水平中等偏上,青少年的性心理健康存在显著的性别、年级和城乡差异。     

某职业学院学生性知识态度行为与性风险的关系

探讨职业院校学生性知识、态度、行为与性风险影响因素及其路径关系,为制定性健康教育方案提供依据.方法 采用分层抽样的方法,利用问卷星软件对内蒙古某职业院校796名学生进行性知识、态度、行为与性风险的匿名在线问卷调查.结果 在性知识方面,男生性病知识高于女生(Z = 5.48,P<0.01),在生殖健康、避孕和性病知识方面高职生得分高于中职生(Z值分别为3.27,5.82,5.06,P<0.01),医学生在生殖健康基本知识、避孕知识、性病知识和艾滋病知识得分均高于非医学生(Z值分别为5.87,6.48,3.73,4.72,P相似文献   

团体心理辅导对小学六年级学生性心理健康干预效果评价

探索团体心理辅导对提升六年级学生性心理健康的效果,为中小学开展性心理健康教育提供参考.方法 根据筛选标准招募遵义市汇川区第二小学六年级学生为研究对象,其中12名学生为实验组进行团体辅导,12名学生作为对照组不进行干预,采用《青春期性心理健康量表》对两组学生的性心理健康水平进行前测、后测及追踪测试.结果 在性心理健康总分及生理知识、性知识因子上,实验组干预后及追踪的得分均高于对照组(t值分别为3.15,4.88,2.30;2.92,5.65,2.53,P值均<0.05).在性心理健康总分及生理知识、性知识、性态度因子上,实验组干预前、干预后及追踪的得分差异具有统计学意义(F值分别为10.29,26.54,7.29,4.07,P值均<0.05),对照组干预前、后及追踪的得分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 团体心理辅导对提升六年级学生的性心理健康水平有明显效果.     

中山市寄宿高中生营养知识态度行为调查

目的 了解中山市高中生营养知识、态度和行为现状,为开展营养教育提供科学依据.方法 随机抽取中山市4所高中学校学生735名,以问卷方式调查营养知识、态度和行为.结果 寄宿制高中学生营养知识普遍缺乏.关于B族维生素、维生素A、BMI指数以及n-6和n-3脂肪酸知识的回答正确率男生显著高于女生(P＜0.05);营养态度普遍较好;男女生均存在一些不合理的饮食行为;女生和非独生子女学生营养态度得分显著高于男生和独生子女(P＜0.05);学生的营养知识、态度和行为得分呈正相关.结论 在寄宿制高中生中开展营养知识教育是必要和可行的,但同时应加强对女生营养知识的宣传教育,重点端正男生和独生子女学生的营养态度.     

湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的 了解湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况及其影响因素,为高校性教育提供理论依据。方法 采用青春期性心理健康量表对随机整群抽样的2 187名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 调查的大学生性心理健康总均分为(3.58±0.39)分,性认知评分为(3.51±0.65)分,性价值观评分为(3.77±0.55)分,性适应评分为(3.53±0.39)分。男生性认知得分为(3.61±0.63)分,高于女生的(3.43±0.65)分,(t=6.441,P<0.001),性价值得分为(3.72±0.57)分,低于女性的(3.82±0.53)分,(t=-4.297,P<0.001);本科生性心理健康各维度得分均高于专科生(t总=7.139,t性认知=6.099,t性价值=3.055,t性适应=6.870;P值均<0.01);医学生性心理健康各维度得分均高于非医学生(t总=48.746,t性认知=65.119,t性价值=52.402,t性适应=11.782;P值均<0.001);父母赞同子女恋爱性健康总分、性认知、性适应分高于反对者(t总=6.058,t性认知=6.477,t性适应=6.793;P值均<0.001);接受性健康教育时间越早各维度得分越高(F总=11.338,F性认知=10.075,F性价值=8.265,F性适应=6.483;P值均<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响性心理健康总分前三位因素是:专业类别、最早接受性健康教育的时间、父母对子女谈恋爱的态度。结论 湘西地区高校大学生性心理健康状况仍待进一步提高,影响大学生性心理健康的因素是多方面的,应根据学生的不同特征及需求开展针对性的教育。     

大学生积极心理资本与情绪健康的关系

目的了解大学生的积极心理资本与情绪健康水平,并探讨二者之间的关系。方法采用积极心理资本问卷(PPQ)和大学生情绪健康问卷对四川省内3所高校的526名大学生进行调查。结果大学生PPQ总分及自我效能、韧性、希望和乐观各维度的得分分别为122.57±16.10,32.13±6.37,30.48±4.66,30.34±4.58和29.63±5.92。城镇户籍大学生的PPQ总分以及乐观、韧性和希望维度得分均高于农村户籍大学生,男生在自我效能维度上的得分高于女生,而在希望维度上的得分低于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大学生情绪健康问卷总分及情绪失调、焦虑、抑郁、攻击和躯体化分量表的得分分别为65.36±19.60,15.13±5.11,12.48±4.66,13.44±4.65,13.23±4.91和11.08±3.81。男生的大学生情绪健康问卷总分及情绪失调、焦虑、抑郁及攻击分量表得分低于女生,独生子女大学生的大学生情绪健康问卷总分及抑郁分量表得分低于非独生子女大学生,城镇户籍大学生的情绪失调和躯体化分量表得分低于农村户籍大学生,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大学生积极心理资本及情绪健康整体水平相对较高。因不同人口学特征大学生的积极心理资本及情绪健康水平有差异,高校应根据其特点对其进行心理健康教育。     

嘉兴市某县小学高年级学生性与生殖健康知识水平及获取途径

了解小学高年级学生性与生殖健康知识水平及接受性教育状况,为学校和家庭性教育的开展提供科学依据.方法 在浙江省嘉兴市某县对4所小学四五年级的1 098名学生进行匿名电子问卷调查,调查内容主要为性与生殖健康知识及来源、从学校和家庭获取性教育情况等.结果 小学高年级学生对青春期身体变化的知晓率在15%~54%之间,生殖生理知识的知晓率在14% ~70%之间,对身体隐私部位识别的知晓率在59%~98%之间,对性侵犯场景识别的知晓率在70% ~ 95%之间.上述4类知识相应的平均得分分别为31.89,38.21,77.03,85.72分,总知识得分为58.21分.研究对象性与生殖健康知识水平女生高于男生、城镇学生高于农村学生,五年级学生高于四年级学生(P值均<0.05).小学生性与生殖健康知识主要来源于母亲(63.02%)、父亲(40.53%)和学校老师(27.50%),其中报告父母和学校提供过人的生长发育、青春期发育与保健、自我保护等内容的比例女生高于男生,城镇高于农村,五年级学生高于四年级(P值均<0.05).结论 小学高年级学生普遍缺乏性与生殖健康知识.应提高老师和家长的性教育意识,为小学生提供适宜的性教育.     

上海市闵行区青少年性心理健康状况调查

目的 了解闵行区青少年性心理健康状况,为更好地开展青少年性心理健康教育与干预以及性教育工作提供可靠依据。方法 采用多阶段随机法抽取闵行区5个抽样片区内的15所中小学校中的45个班级,对抽取的班级内所有学生进行问卷调查。结果 闵行区青少年性心理健康量表总得分为135.01分,平均分为3.55分,平均得分从高到低依次为:性价值观（3.63分）、性适应（3.57分）、性认知（3.43分）;不同年级调查对象的性心理健康分量表的各项均分差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,从高到低依次为:高中、初中、小学;女生在性价值观分量表中的得分高于男生（t = - 3.383,P＜0.05）;双亲家庭的调查对象在性适应分量表中的得分高于单亲家庭的调查对象（t = - 2.487,P＜0.05）;独生子女在性认知、性价值观分量表中的得分均高于非独生子女（t =3.680、2.930,均P＜0.05）;结论 闵行区青少年性心理健康状况处于中上水平,应针对不同情况的青少年开展更为科学适宜的性健康教育工作,为广大青少年营造科学适宜的性健康教育环境。     

北京市独生与非独生子女中学生行为及情绪反应比较

目的 比较独生与非独生子女中学生行为及情绪反应的差异,为制定心理健康教育策略提供实证性依据.方法 选用自尊量表、儿童行为核查表、积极消极情绪量表以及生活满意度量表,对北京市460名独生子女中学生和460名非独生子女中学生进行调查.结果 独生子女问题行为和生活满意度量表得分显著高于非独生子女;无论独生还是非独生子女,男生问题行为量表得分均显著高于女生;独生女亲社会行为量表得分显著低于非独生女,非独生子亲社会行为量表得分显著低于非独生女;无论独生还是非独生子女,男生积极情绪量表得分显著低于女生;独生子消极情绪量表得分显著低于独生女.结论 中学生中独生子更容易出现问题行为,非独生女更容易表现出亲和行为;独生子女生活满意度明显高于非独生子女.     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in Pneumocystis and sulfa resistance

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a major cause of illness and death in HIV-infected persons. Sulfa drugs, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and dapsone are mainstays of PCP treatment and prophylaxis. While prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of PCP, its use has raised concerns about development of resistant organisms. The inability to culture human Pneumocystis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, in a standardized culture system prevents routine susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance. In other microorganisms, sulfa drug resistance has resulted from specific point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene. Similar mutations have been observed in P. jirovecii. Studies have consistently demonstrated a significant association between the use of sulfa drugs for PCP prophylaxis and DHPS gene mutations. Whether these mutations confer resistance to TMP-SMX or dapsone plus trimethoprim for PCP treatment remains unclear. We review studies of DHPS mutations in P. jirovecii and summarize the evidence for resistance to sulfamethoxazole and dapsone.     

PCR versus hybridization for detecting virulence genes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

We compared PCR amplification of 9 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence factors among 40 isolates (21 O/H antigenicity classes) with DNA hybridization. Both methods showed 100% of the chromosomal and phage genes: eae, stx, and stx2. PCR did not detect 4%-20% of hybridizable plasmid genes: hlyA, katP, espP, toxB, open reading frame (ORF) 1, and ORF2.     

Raccoons and skunks as sentinels for enzootic tularemia

We analyzed sera from diverse mammals of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, for evidence of Francisella tularensis exposure. Skunks and raccoons were frequently seroreactive, whereas white-footed mice, cottontail rabbits, deer, rats, and dogs were not. Tularemia surveillance may be facilitated by focusing on skunks and raccoons.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.