大别山商麻断裂韧－脆性变形转换的时间约束及其构造意义

通过对商麻断裂的几何学和运动学的详细构造解析, 鉴别出呈先后依次发育层次由深到浅的3种不同构造层次的伸展性断裂构造活动, 从早到晚分别为: ①低角度向北西西方向滑脱的韧性剪切; ②西倾的低角度脆性、脆-韧性滑脱正断层; ③西倾的高角度脆性正断层.在构造年代学的基础上, 选择①末期与围岩同构造并顺围岩面理侵入结晶的花岗质伟晶岩脉和后期的花岗岩侵入体进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测试, 花岗质伟晶岩脉中13颗岩浆锆石给出了125.9±4.2Ma的年龄数据, 花岗岩中10颗岩浆锆石给出了118.8±4.1Ma年龄数据, 从而可以将商麻断裂带从伸展滑脱型韧性变形向脆性滑脱断层转换的时间很好的约束在126~119Ma之间.通过与前人研究结果的对比, 笔者将罗田穹窿形成的时间限定在了150~126Ma之间, 为研究整个大别山构造演化提供了新的年代学约束.      

大兴安岭北段嘎拉山伸展滑脱构造

嘎拉山大型伸展滑脱构造发育在大兴安岭北段东坡,带内发育倾向SE的剪切面理,普遍发育层间揉皱、眼球状构造、低角度正断层、鞘褶皱和窗棂构造以及云母鱼、旋转残斑、石英条带等各种韧性变形显微组构,变形温度为300～400 ℃。各种宏观和微观不对称褶皱和线理等指向标志显示嘎拉山伸展构造为一指向SE的伸展滑脱构造。通过对剪切变形带中的花岗质片麻岩和大理岩的白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素测年获得144～147 Ma的坪年龄,该年龄代表了伸展剪切变形的形成时间。结合区域上变质核杂岩的研究,认为嘎拉山伸展构造的形成机制很可能与鄂霍茨克造山运动使地壳加厚崩塌,导致大兴安岭地区发生区域性伸展有关。     

Late Caledonian Ductile Thrusting Deformation in the Central East Kunlun Belt, Qinghai, China and Its Significance: Evidence from Geochronology

A high-angle ductile thrusting deformation with top-to-the-north movement penetratively developed in the Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks along the Central East Kunlun belt. The deformed rocks suffered epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism. On the basis of our previous study, we present more data in this paper to further support that the ducdle thrust deformation occurred in the later Caledonian and more detailed information about the deformation. A zircon U-Pb concordant age of 446±2.2 Ma of a deformed granodiorite in the ductile thrust zone was obtained and can be interpreted as the lower limit of the deformation. A syntectonically crystallized and also strongly deformed hornblende Ar/ Ar dating gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 426.5±3.8 Ma, which represents the deformation age. A strongly orientated muscovite gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 408±1.6Ma, representing the cooling age after the peak temperature, constraining the upper limit of the ductile thrust deformation. This ductile thru     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段的左旋走滑挤压变形及其~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段,自西向东分别出露北北东向的韧性滑脱变形带、脆-韧性过渡带和脆性的前陆褶断带。韧性滑脱变形带内的张八岭群片岩,广泛发生了低绿片相背景下的糜棱岩化。其中呈现为平缓的糜棱面理和近南北向的矿物拉伸线理。显微构造及石英C轴组构分析显示,该韧性滑脱带一致为上盘向南的运动。该带以东依次变为上盘向南南东→南东的逆冲活动,总体上为左旋走滑挤压变形带。张八岭群所在的韧性变形带为深部陡立走滑构造与浅部脆性构造之间的滑脱变形带,其间的差异走滑变形,造成了该滑脱层在总体向北运动中出现上盘向南的剪切变形。对6处张八岭群片岩中15个不同粒级白云母的40Ar/39Ar定年指示,变形发生在(236.2±0.5)~(238.0±0.4)Ma的中三叠世晚期。这表明郯庐断裂带的左行平移发生在华北与华南板块碰撞的深俯冲阶段,起源于陆内转换断层。     

赤峰—开源断裂在赤峰西部地段的构造形迹及其演化特征

为研究赤峰—开源断裂在赤峰西部地段的性质,笔者在1∶5万朝阳地幅、姜家营子幅区调工作中,利用岩石学、岩石地球化学、LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb测年等方法,对构造控制的多期次侵入岩进行构造环境研究。结果表明,晚泥盆世二长花岗岩年龄为382. 8±2. 1 Ma,形成于同碰撞挤压环境;晚泥盆世超基性岩年龄为378. 4±3. 2 Ma,形成于碰撞后裂谷拉张环境;早二叠世二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩年龄分别为280. 1±1. 5 Ma、275. 7±1. 8 Ma,形成于同碰撞挤压环境;晚三叠世、早白垩世花岗斑岩年龄分别为206±25 Ma和128. 8±1. 3 Ma,形成于非造山伸展拉张环境。构造带上带状构造的野外地质调查发现构造带经历了3期韧性和1期脆性变形,分别为晚泥盆世至晚石炭世北东东向右行正斜滑韧脆性剪切(构造内花岗斑岩脉年龄374. 2±2. 6 Ma),早二叠世北东东向左行正斜滑韧性剪切(构造内花岗斑岩脉年龄270. 3±1. 7 Ma),晚三叠世北西西向左行正斜滑韧脆性剪切(构造内辉长岩年龄247. 53±7. 4 Ma)和中侏罗世至早白垩世北东和北西向脆性断裂。显示赤峰—开源断裂在赤峰西部地段表现为多期次挤压、间歇伸展,并以挤压造山为主的构造-岩浆岩带。     

“彭灌杂岩”推覆体的构造变形特征

位于龙门山中段的“彭灌杂岩”推覆体，主要由中晚元古代的二长花岗岩、英云间长岩、钾长花岗岩、辉长岩等组成，用颗粒锆石法测其年龄值为６９９—８５９Ｍａ。该推覆体的推覆面（映秀断裂）为脆－韧性变形，且以脆性变形为主的逆冲推覆断裂，并且有走滑性质。推覆体内部早期为韧性变形，叠加晚期脆性改造，其断裂呈叠瓦状排列，中后部以韧脆性变形为主，至前部脆性变形增强，总体为一个由众多岩片叠置而成的韧脆性冲断推覆体。     

内蒙古西部英巴地区晚古生代-中生代构造岩浆事件及其地质意义

本文以内蒙古西部英巴地区一个典型剖面为例,开展了详细的构造解析和年代学研究,初步构建这一地区晚古生代-中生代的构造岩浆事件框架。这一地区至少发育三期岩浆活动和三期构造变形事件。锆石U-Pb定年结果和前人的资料显示,三期岩浆活动分别为石炭纪（325~313 Ma）的花岗闪长岩和花岗岩、早二叠世（291~277 Ma）的钾长花岗岩和中细粒花岗岩及早白垩世（~134~130 Ma）的伟晶岩和石英二长岩。第一期构造变形事件为NW-SE向挤压,发生在早二叠世之后,使花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩发生挤压变形,形成主体低角度北西倾的片麻理,局部发育同期褶皱,变形温度为450~600℃;第二期为NW-SE向伸展,大致发生在早白垩世,使片麻状花岗闪长岩和片麻状钾长花岗岩发生中高温（450~650℃）的糜棱岩化作用,形成南东倾的低角度韧性剪切带,具有正断性质,后被伟晶岩脉切穿。第三期为NW-SE向伸展,发生在早白垩世之后,形成北西倾的中角度脆性正断层,断距2~10米,并使伟晶岩变形为碎裂岩。     

郯庐断裂带肥东段剪切活动锆石U-Pb测年

郯庐断裂带肥东段出露的桃源韧性剪切带内发育有长英质超糜棱岩、长英质伟晶岩脉体等。这两种构造岩与剪切带呈现不同的穿切关系, 分别代表着剪切活动不同时期的产物, 它们可以为郯庐断裂带的剪切年限提供重要的年代学制约。本次研究从长英质超糜棱岩的U-Pb锆石测年得出了133.3±4.1 Ma的变质锆石年龄。结合笔者先前得出的伟晶岩脉129±3.3 Ma年龄判断, 郯庐断裂带在133 Ma左右有一次剪切活动, 该次剪切活动在129 Ma左右仍有着较弱的持续, 指示肥东地区在137~126 Ma的时间段内, 有一次挤压活动叠加。此外, 长英质超糜棱岩样品中捕获的1.9 Ga和2.4 Ga的锆石, 很可能来自华南板块基底。     

华南沿海莲花山断裂带控矿构造变形时限：来自锆石U-Pb年龄与地层时代的约束

莲花山断裂带是中国东南沿海广东省境内一条重要的NE向断裂构造带,同时也是一条重要的锡、钨、铜、铅锌多金属成矿带。本文通过莲花山断裂带和典型矿区野外地质观测及断裂带内发生剪切变形作用的花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄测定,初步探讨了莲花山断裂带内韧性变形时限、脆性边界断裂发育时限,以及韧性剪切变形与成矿的关系。研究表明莲花山断裂带内韧性变形时限在129～127 Ma,脆性的边界断裂发育于官草湖组和合水组地层沉积时限之间,莲花山断裂带中韧性剪切变形早于成矿发生时间,韧性剪切变形为成矿提供了容矿空间。     

Late Caledonian Ductile Thrusting Deformation in the Central East Kunlun Belt, Qinghal, China and Its Significance： Evidence from Geochronology

Abstract A high‐angle ductile thrusting deformation with top‐to‐the‐north movement penetratively developed in the Proterozoic‐Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks along the Central East Kunlun belt. The deformed rocks suffered epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism. On the basis of our previous study, we present more data in this paper to further support that the ductile thrust deformation occurred in the later Caledonian and more detailed information about the deformation. A zircon U‐Pb concordant age of 446±2.2 Ma of a deformed granodiorite in the ductile thrust zone was obtained and can be interpreted as the lower limit of the deformation. A syntectonically crystallized and also strongly deformed hornblende Ar/Ar dating gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 426.5±3.8 Ma, which represents the deformation age. A strongly orientated muscovite gives an Ar/Ar plateau age of 408±1.6 Ma, representing the cooling age after the peak temperature, constraining the upper limit of the ductile thrust deformation. This ductile thrust deformation can be interpreted as the result of the closing of the Central East Kunlun archipelago ocean. To the north, Ar/Ar plateau ages of 382.9±0.2 Ma and 386.8±0.8 Ma of muscovite in the deformed Xiaomiao Group represent the uplift cooling ages of deeper rocks after the thrusting movement. The original thrusting foliation has a low angle. A rotation model was put forward to explain the development of the foliation from the original low‐angle to present high‐angle dipping.     

托莫尔日特金矿区韧脆性剪切带及其控矿作用

矿区位于近NW-NWW向展布的断裂带内,并严格受其控制.控矿断裂带为一条韧-脆性剪切带,其形成主要经历了早期韧性变形、晚期脆性变形及后期改造破坏3个阶段,叠加于早期韧性剪切带之上的晚期脆性破裂带,是矿脉的主要产出位置,成矿与断裂带的韧-脆性转换密切相关.矿体形成于韧-脆性剪切带的转换带附近,后期由于抬升剥蚀而出露地表.矿体分布可能具有"两层楼"式的垂直分带,上部为石英脉型金矿体,品位较高,但规模不大;下部为糜棱岩型金矿体,规模较大,但品位稍低.因此本区以后的找矿工作中应注意挖掘深部糜棱岩型金矿的潜力.     

桂北地区三门韧性剪切带的厘定及其构造意义

通过野外地质调查、室内显微组构分析和磁组构测量,在桂北三门地区厘定出一条大型韧性剪切带;并利用热液锆石U-Pb定年约束其变形时代.三门韧性剪切带发育密集的透入性片理、旋转碎斑系、拉伸线理、眼球构造、书斜构造、A型褶皱、波状消光、机械双晶、核幔构造和S-C组构等宏观和微观韧性变形特征.磁各向异性度（P值）显示其走向呈NNE向,倾向呈NWW向.运动学指向显示早期具有左旋逆冲剪切,晚期具有右旋正滑剪切的运动学性质.磁化率椭球体扁率（E值）显示岩石变形以压扁型应变为主,暗示运动学方向以左旋逆冲剪切为主.镁铁质糜棱岩的热液锆石U-Pb定年结果为441±2 Ma,代表三门韧性剪切带的变形时代.在磁组构、运动学和年代学研究的基础上,结合区域地质资料,认为该韧性剪切带是华南加里东期华夏陆块由SE向NW逆冲到扬子陆块受阻后反冲作用的产物.这一认识揭示了扬子陆块和华夏陆块碰撞拼合的方式和时代,为深化华南加里东构造运动的认识提供了新的资料.      

内蒙额济纳旗霍布哈尔地区构造片岩带的发现及其构造意义

野外调查发现在靠近中蒙边界的额济纳旗霍布哈尔地区存在带状构造片岩,片理倾向南东,拉伸线理沿北东向,片岩内存在指示左行剪切的旋转碎斑系、不对称压力影等显微剪切组构。显微构造尺度上,片理结构由片理域与微片石组成,形成极易开裂的潜在破裂面。区内构造片岩是北东向韧性剪切带的组成部分,成因与韧性的剪切运动有关,经样品UY-1的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年法测定,得到糜棱岩化的流纹斑岩年龄为286.3Ma±2.0Ma,后期侵入的闪长岩年龄为284.2Ma±2.4Ma,约束了构造片岩的形成时代为286.3Ma^284.2Ma(早二叠世)。结合区域地质资料,认为构造片岩带的形成与早二叠世阿尔金-东蒙古断裂的左行走滑剪切活动有关。     

新疆红石金矿区韧性剪切变形特征与金成矿关系探讨

通过对新疆红石金矿区韧性剪切变形特征的研究,金矿化带的分布明显受韧性剪切带的控制,所有的金矿体及金矿化体均赋存于秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带的不同部位,其变形期次可划分为3期,即韧性剪切变形、脆-韧性剪切变形和脆性剪切变形,其中脆-韧性剪切变形阶段是最有利的成矿阶段.     

新疆兴地断裂带前寒武纪构造—岩浆—变形作用特征及其年龄

本文分析了发生在塔里木北缘兴地断裂带的多期构造—岩浆演化特征。在此基础上,对三件前寒武纪火成岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,对兴地断裂带韧性变形构造进行了运动学分析。研究表明,兴地断裂带至少经历了4期地质构造演化; 其中,前寒武纪有两期。第一期发生在前南华纪,以强烈的挤压褶皱、韧性剪切变形和岩浆活动为特色; 第二期发生在南华纪—震旦纪,以广泛发育的双峰式火成岩、复式岩流和基性岩墙群为特征,伴随大规模冰川作用和地壳沉陷,对应Rodinia超大陆的裂解。LA-ICP-MS法锆石U-Pb年龄测定表明,辉长岩中的俘获锆石保留了3114±20Ma、2509±42Ma、1916±36Ma等多期古构造演化和岩浆活动信息,揭示研究区深部存在一个中-新太古代和古元古代的基底。双峰式火成岩测年数据证实,区内在820~800Ma(花岗岩脉,798±7Ma; 辉长辉绿岩墙,816±15Ma)发生过强烈的裂谷—岩浆活动。根据构造交切关系,兴地断裂带发生过两期前南华纪韧性变形;变形时代尚不清楚。运动学分析表明,第一期为朝北逆冲的推覆变形,第二期为右旋走滑变形。南华纪以来,区域变质和韧性变形微弱,为韧脆性变形。     

佳木斯—伊通断裂韧性剪切变形时代及其地质意义

作为郯庐断裂北段主干断裂的佳木斯-伊通断裂（简称佳-伊断裂）,其最早开始活动的时代一直以来都存在争议。为了更好确定其活动时代,对佳-伊断裂昌图段南城水库附近的韧性剪切带展开了详细研究。野外构造解析和显微构造特征显示,剪切带糜棱面理走向北北东-南南西,其上发育北东方向的缓倾拉伸线理,指示该剪切带为逆冲-走滑韧性剪切特征。锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,剪切带中糜棱花岗岩形成在174~173 Ma,该糜棱岩带被后期未变形辉绿岩脉侵入,辉绿岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄为164 Ma,从而限定该期次韧性变形发生在174~164 Ma之间的中侏罗晚期。取自剪切带糜棱花岗岩内的变形黑云母40Ar/39Ar测试结果表明,糜棱花岗岩在187~166 Ma左右受到了显著的热事件的扰动。这些证据证明,佳-伊断裂在中侏罗晚期发生过显著的左行走滑韧性剪切,结合对东北地区火成岩研究成果的分析,佳-伊断裂中侏罗晚期的韧性变形可能与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲有关,该时期侵位的岩浆活动开始显著受到俯冲引发的挤压应力作用的影响。      

关于大别运动的新认识

本文依据红安群（宿松群）和大别山杂岩在岩石建造和变形、变质改造等方面的重大差异以及其间残存的角度不整合面，进一步肯定了大别运动的存在。大别运动主要发生时间为２５００Ｍａ左右，区域上大致可与华北地台阜平运动对比，是大别山地区原始硅铝质陆壳形成和韧性再造的变革运动。初步将大别旋回划分出早期伸展、中期挤压和晚期走滑剪切３个变形幕。指出了大别运动界面是大别山上部地壳极其重要的滑脱界面和层圈构造，沿袭这一古老构造薄弱面曾先后发生了韧性滑覆、脆－韧性逆冲推覆和脆性剥离等变形事件。     

The Rila-Pastra Normal Fault and multi-stage extensional unroofing in the Rila Mountains (SW Bulgaria)

The Rhodope Metamorphic Province represents the core of an Alpine orogen affected by strong syn- and postorogenic extension. We report evidence for multiple phases of extensional unroofing from the western border of the Rila Mountains in the lower Rila valley, SW Bulgaria. The most prominent structure is the Rila-Pastra Normal Fault (RPNF), a major extensional fault and shear zone of Eocene to Early Oligocene age. The fault zone includes, from base to top, mylonites, ultramylonites and cataclasites, indicating deformation under progressively decreasing temperature, from amphibolite-facies to low-temperature brittle deformation. It strikes E–W with a top-to-the-N-to NW-directed sense of shear. Basement rocks in the hanging wall and footwall both display amphibolite-facies conditions. The foliation of the hanging-wall gneisses, however, is discordantly cut by the fault, while the foliation of the footwall gneisses is seen to curve into parallelism with the fault when approaching it. Two ductile splays of the RPNF occur in the footwall, which are subparallel to the foliation of the surrounding gneisses and merge laterally into the mylonites of the main fault zone. The concordance between the foliation in the footwall and the RPNF suggests that deformation and cooling in the footwall occurred simultaneously with extensional shearing, while the hanging-wall gneisses had already been exhumed previously. The RPNF is associated with thick deposits of an Early Oligocene, syntectonic breccia on top of its hanging wall. Integrating our results with previous studies, we distinguish the following stages of extensional faulting: (1) Late Cretaceous NW–SE extension (Gabrov Dol Detachment), exhumation of the present day hanging wall of the RPNF; (2) Eocene to Early Oligocene NW–SE to N–S extension (RPNF); (3) Miocene to Pliocene E–W extension (Western Border Fault), formation of the Djerman Graben; (4) Holocene to recent N–S to NW–SE extension (Stob Fault), reactivating the SW part of the Western Border Fault.     

Deformation Characters of the Maowen Fault Belt in Longmenshan, Western Sichuan

1. Introduction The Longmenshan orogenic belt is a typical intercontinental orogenic belt (Fig. 1), from NW to SE composed of Paleozoic epimetamorphic rock systems, Protozoic intermediate-acid intrusions and metamorphic rocks (called Pengguan Complex), Upper Triassic sandshales, and Paleozoic glided nappe as well as Jurassic-Tertiary molass formation,. The Maowen fault belt is a boundary fault belt between the Longmenshan orogenic belt and Songpan-Garze fold belt. It starts from Shenx…     

Cretaceous–Tertiary structures and kinematics of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and their relation to the exhumation of the Hellenic hinterland (Macedonia, Greece)

 The kinematic pattern and associated metamorphism of the predominant ductile deformation and the subsequent deformational stages of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and granitoids are presented in terms of peri-Tethyan tectonics. A systematic record of structural and metamorphic data gives evidence of a main top-to-ENE to ESE ductile flow of Cretaceous age (120–90 Ma) associated with a crustal stretching and unroofing. A subordinate WSW to WNW antithetic sense of movement of the tectonic top is observed in places. The associated metamorphic conditions are estimated at 4.5–7.5 kbar and 510–580  °C. During Eocene to Miocene times these fabrics were successively deformed by low-angle extensional D_e ductile shear zones with top-to-NE and SW sense of movement and brittle shear zones of similar kinematic pattern, suggesting a transition from ductile to brittle deformation. D_e deformation was accompanied during its later stages by NW/SE-directed shortening. We also discuss the relation of this Cretaceous–Tertiary deformation of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks with the Eocene to Miocene ductile, top-to-southwestward crustal shear of the adjacent Rhodope crystalline rocks. We regard the Serbomacedonian and the Rhodope metamorphic rocks to represent related metamorphic provinces, the most recent exhumation and cooling history of which is bracketed between the Eocene and Neogene. Received: 8 December 1998 / Accepted: 19 April 1999