结实期渍水对糯玉米籽粒产量和品质的影响

结实期是玉米籽粒产量和品质形成的关键时期,在中国南方夏季经常遭遇涝渍危害。以6个糯玉米品种为材料,研究分析了结实期（花后1~7天）渍水对糯玉米籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明：结实期渍水导致糯玉米粒数减少、粒重降低,进而导致产量损失。渍水使籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量降低,蛋白质含量升高。籽粒峰值黏度和崩解值除‘农科玉301’受渍水影响较小外,其他品种均显著降低,但不同品种谷值黏度、终值黏度和回复值对渍水响应不一。结实期渍水对糯玉米籽粒糊化和胶凝温度影响较小。热焓值‘皖糯5号’和‘美玉16’在渍水处理下显著降低,其他品种保持不变。相反,渍水使各品种（‘美玉16’除外）的回生热焓值和回生值增加。综上,结实期渍水导致籽粒产量降低、品质变劣（黏度降低、回生增加）。     

Physiological Effects of Waterlogging on Two Lucerne Varieties Grown Under Glasshouse Conditions

Two lucerne (Medicago sativa) varieties, an anecdotally waterlogging‐intolerant old New Zealand variety, Grasslands Wairau, and a reputedly waterlogging‐tolerant new variety, Pioneer 54Q53, were subjected to waterlogging stress and a range of physiological and agronomic measurements performed. Waterlogging stress was characterized by measurement of soil oxygen depletion and soil carbon dioxide accumulation. Both varieties exhibited strong responses to waterlogging stress, including reduction in leaf soluble protein concentration, photosynthetic rate and tap root weight, but also exhibited differences in response, notably a decrease in carboxylation efficiency and in the steady‐state quantum yield of electron flow through PSII (ΦPSII) in Wairau, but not in Pioneer. Implications for understanding of waterlogging effects on photosynthesis, and for field management of lucerne on wet soils are discussed.     

Waterlogging events during stem elongation or flowering affect yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) but not seed quality

Oilseed rape suffers from serious waterlogging in many regions of the world limiting the cultivation area for rapeseed. Due to the man‐induced climate change, the risk of severe waterlogging events and associated therewith the damage of rapeseed plants will increase, even in Europe and North America. To investigate the effects of waterlogging on growth, yield and seed quality, rapeseed was cultivated throughout its vegetation period and waterlogged for 14 days at two different growth stages: at stem elongation (BBCH 31) or at floral bud appearance (BBCH 55). The experiments revealed that waterlogging at BBCH 31 affected plant growth and nutrient accumulation and finally resulted in lower yields. Waterlogging at BBCH 55 seriously impaired main racemes, but due to an increased production of secondary racemes, yield losses were lower than after waterlogging at BBCH 31. Oil quality was not affected by any waterlogging treatment under the chosen experimental conditions.     

花前渍水锻炼调控花后小麦耐渍性的生理机制研究

采用对渍水胁迫和渍水锻炼响应差异的小麦品种为材料,在四叶一心期和六叶一心期分别进行渍水锻炼2 d;在开花后7d进行渍水胁迫5d,分析不同小麦品种对渍水胁迫响应的差异及其生理机制。结果表明,花后渍水胁迫显著降低旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)和实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ),抑制花后光合同化物积累(PAA),导致籽粒千粒重和产量降低;与不耐渍型品种相比,耐渍型品种在渍水胁迫下可维持较高的SPAD、Φ_PSⅡ和PAA,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)酶活性提高,过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂-~)和丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。与花前未进行渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(NW)相比,花前渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(PW)下,渍水锻炼敏感型品种较渍水锻炼不敏感品种显著提高了花后渍水胁迫下小麦旗叶SPAD (8.8%)和Φ_PSⅡ(17.6%)、降低非调节性能量耗散Φ_NO (10.7%)和...     

花生生育早期耐涝性室内鉴定对大田期的意义

为探索花生不同品种生育早期耐涝性差异及与大田耐涝性的关系,对8个品种的种子进行室内180 h浅、深水处理,对幼苗进行10 d淹涝和大田短（10 d）、长期（88 d）湿涝,测定发芽能力、幼苗生长发育和乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性、大田湿涝产量（WY10、WY88）和产量耐性系数（WTC10、WTC88）。结果表明,(1)花生对淹涝较敏感,其耐涝性因淹涝时期、程度（水深）和品种而异。浅涝时种子先露尖而后发芽;深涝时只露尖而不能形成幼芽。不同品种发芽期耐涝性差异较大。幼苗的根部受害程度远甚于地上部,根色、根重是不同品种耐性差异的主要表征指标。(2)花生幼苗根系ADH活性受淹涝即厌氧诱导的效应极为明显,其中淹涝3~10 d的ADH活性与耐涝性负相关,尤其是淹涝10 d后ADH活性高的品种,植株发育不良。(3)与大田所有产量耐涝性指标的相关性,ADH活性、根色均为负相关,单株根重、单株地上部重、单株总重则为正相关,尤其是根重与WY10 2年均呈显著正相关。(4)耐涝性鉴定时间,在发芽期浅、深水中分别以180、120 h为宜,幼苗期以3~10 d为宜。因此,花生生育早期耐涝性室内鉴定对大田期有重要参考价值。     

氮素对花铃期短期渍水棉花根系生长的影响

于2005—2006年在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验,设置正常灌水(土壤含水量为田间持水量的75%左右)和棉花花铃期土壤短期渍水处理(将正常灌水的棉花增加灌水至盆内有可见明水,持续8 d,然后用导管排除表面水层,使盆内土壤含水量逐渐恢复到田间持水量的75%左右),每个水分处理设置3个氮素水平(0、3.73、7.46 g N pot^-1,分别相当于大田0、240、480 kg N hm^-2),研究氮素对花铃期短期渍水棉花根系生长的影响。结果表明,在渍水处理结束时,与正常灌水处理相比,根干重和根冠比(R∶S)均降低;根系可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高;棉花根系活力和单株光合速率(CAP)显著降低。增加施氮可降低渍水棉花根系SOD活性,提高POD和CAT活性,以3.73 g N pot^-1(240 kg N hm^-2)施氮水平下的棉花根干物重最大,根系MDA含量最低,根系活力最强,单株光合速率(CAP)最高,相应籽棉产量最高。渍水停止15 d后,渍水棉花根系抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量与正常灌水处理的差异较小;施氮仍可提高棉花根系POD与CAT活性,降低MDA含量,增强根系活力,提高CAP。     

渍涝胁迫对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响

以抗涝基因型河南1号与不抗涝基因型冀芝1号为试验材料,研究了在不同生育时期渍涝对不同基因型芝麻生理指标和产量性状的影响。研究结果表明,在渍水条件下芝麻的生长速率明显减慢;比叶重下降,在盛花期淹水后相对受害率最大;叶绿素含量均下降;受渍涝伤害的芝麻根系TTC还原强度急剧下降,淹水处理与对照相比差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);渍水条件下的单株结蒴数、每蒴粒数、单株千粒重、单株产量均较对照有不同程度的降低,单株秕粒率较对照升高。     

氮素对花铃期短期渍水棉花根系生长的影响

于2005—2006年在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验,设置正常灌水(土壤含水量为田间持水量的75%左右)和棉花花铃期土壤短期渍水处理(将正常灌水的棉花增加灌水至盆内有可见明水,持续8 d,然后用导管排除表面水层,使盆内土壤含水量逐渐恢复到田间持水量的75%左右),每个水分处理设置3个氮素水平(0、3.73、7.46 g N pot^-1,分别相当于大田0、240、480 kg N hm^-2),研究氮素对花铃期短期渍水棉花根系生长的影响。结果表明,在渍水处理结束时,与正常灌水处理相比,根干重和根冠比(R∶S)均降低;根系可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高;棉花根系活力和单株光合速率(CAP)显著降低。增加施氮可降低渍水棉花根系SOD活性,提高POD和CAT活性,以3.73 g N pot^-1(240 kg N hm^-2)施氮水平下的棉花根干物重最大,根系MDA含量最低,根系活力最强,单株光合速率(CAP)最高,相应籽棉产量最高。渍水停止15 d后,渍水棉花根系抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量与正常灌水处理的差异较小;施氮仍可提高棉花根系POD与CAT活性,降低MDA含量,增强根系活力,提高CAP。     

Effect of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

To investigate the effects of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield, peanut plants were waterlogged for 3 and 6 days at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after gynophores touched the ground in 2019 and 2020. Results revealed that compared with the control treatment, the oil and starch content in grain increased, while crude protein and soluble sugar content decreased under waterlogging. Waterlogging stress increased the unsaturated fatty acids content but decreased the saturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids content. In addition, waterlogging stress decreased the total pod number per plant by 6.78%–49.33%, 100-pod weight by 1.11%–14.08% and 100-grain weight by 1.85%–16.41%, which caused a 34.33%–55.90% reduction in pod yield per plant. After the gynophore touched the ground for 7 days, waterlogging had a greater negative effect on grain nutritional quality, and longer waterlogging duration led to greater yield reduction. In summary, waterlogging stress caused peanut yield reduction and grain quality deterioration.     

Inheritance of waterlogging tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Flooding of vegetable crop fields along the Yangtze River basin in China has been an annual occurrence; therefore the cultivation of tolerant varieties has become one of the most promising control strategies. Our objective was to investigate the inheritance of waterlogging tolerance of cucumber at the early stage of growth with two cucumber parents consisting of PW0832 (tolerant) and PW0801 (susceptible). In 2006, 4-weeks-old potted plants of P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁ and B₂ generations were subjected to one week waterlogged stress, control plants were not flooded. The simple additive model explained the variations of tolerance score (TOL) adventitious root formation (ARF) and waterlogged root dry weight (RDW) while the additive-dominance model explained the control treatment of RDW. Non-allelic interactions were detected for waterlogged vine length (VLH) and root length (RLH). Complementary epistasis occurred in waterlogged VLH while additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance epistastic effects were significant for waterlogged RLH. Transgressive segregation was also observed in most of the traits in the F₂ generation indicating some alleles are dispersed in the parents used in this study. The estimates of narrow-sense heritabilities for TOL and ARF were moderately high. Backcross of F₁ to both parents in ARF, waterlogged SDW and waterlogged RDW showed good convergence of genes in the B₂. These results suggest that it should be possible to develop varieties with high levels of tolerance by selecting transgressive segregants in this cross.     

Effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose metabolism in cotton leaves at different positions

Global warming could possibly increase the air temperature by 1.8–4.0°C in the coming decade. To forecast the effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose synthesis in cotton leaves at different positions, field experiments with the treatments of ambient temperature (control) and elevated temperature (2–3°C) across cotton's boll forming stage were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Results showed that sucrose content in the fourth main‐stem leaves from the terminal (FMLT) during 10–17 days after treatment (DAT) and in the leaves subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) during 17–45 days post‐anthesis (DPA) was lower in the increased temperature treatment than control treatment, but starch content was higher, resulting in higher specific leaf weight (SLW). Lower sucrose content might be attributed to low ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cy‐FBPase) activities under elevated temperature for all tested leaves. Comparison of different fruiting branch (FB) positions, sucrose transformation rate just decreased in LSCB growing on FB_2–3 and FB_6–7. Compared with FB_10–11, the leaves at FB_2–3 and FB_6–7 were more sensitive to the increased temperature, showing as that the changing amplitudes of SLW, sucrose content, starch content, initial Rubisco activity and cy‐FBPase activity were greater. Regarding different types of cotton leaves, the effects of elevated temperature on sucrose content, starch content and initial Rubisco activity in FMLT were obvious at the early stage (10–17 DAT), but were not obvious at the late stage. However, the effects were consistent in LSCB from 17 to 45 DPA. In addition, long‐term elevated temperature had smaller impacts on above indices in FMLT than LSCB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities were decreased by elevated temperature in FMLT at the early stage, but were increased in LSCB, suggesting that SPS and SuSy were the key enzymes between FMLT and LSCB in response to elevated temperature.     

Sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre under low temperature during fibre development

The effects of low temperature on sucrose content and activities of key enzymes related to sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre were investigated. Two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and Sumian 15, were grown in the field at two sowing dates in 2006 and three sowing dates in 2007, the differences of environmental conditions during fibre development period (from flowering date to boll opening date) for different sowing dates were primarily on temperature. Low temperatures (MDTmin of 21.1, 20.5 and 18.1 °C) in late sowing dates (25 May/10 June) prolonged the fibre development period, and had significant effect on cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism. Results showed that, under low temperature, sucrose content was increased, cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate were decreased, and the variability of cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate through sowing dates in Sumian 15 was more than that in Kemian 1. The measurable activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and acid/alkaline invertases in sucrose metabolism were affected by low temperatures. Under low temperatures, activities of SuSy and invertase in sucrose degradation were increased, and two cultivars had the similar change. In contrast, the activity of SPS in sucrose synthesis was lower than the activity in developing fibre at normal environmental condition, and the time to peak activity was delayed, SPS activity in response to temperatures differed between two cultivars. The results indicated that restrained cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism under low temperature were mainly attributed to the changed activities of enzymes (SPS, SuSy and invertase), and the difference of cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism in response to temperature in fibre cells for two cotton cultivars was mainly determined by the level of SPS activity.     

地下水位对油菜生长及产量的影响

长江流域油菜生产主要采用水稻油菜轮作种植模式,地下水位高,易产生湿害。本试验采用PVC筒,在油菜4个生育期分别进行0、30、60和90 cm的地下水位处理,然后恢复至60 cm水位,比较2个耐渍性不同的油菜品系在不同生育期、不同水位条件下的生长状况及产量,从而确定油菜各生育阶段的适宜地下水位,为南方稻茬油菜排水降湿管理提供依据。试验结果表明: (1)地下水位高低影响了油菜的根系发育、地上部生长及产量形成;(2)就产量而言,各生育期对水分的敏感性依次为蕾薹期、花期﹥苗期、角果发育成熟期;(3)油菜苗期适宜地下水位为30~90 cm,蕾薹期、花期为30~60 cm,角果发育成熟期为30~90 cm;(4)就全生育期而言,即使选用耐渍性较弱的品种,地下水位控制在30~60 cm时能满足油菜生长发育及产量形成需求。     

花铃期渍水对棉纤维糖代谢的影响及其与纤维比强度的关系

以美棉33B为材料,2007和2009年在江苏南京池栽条件下设置渍水试验,研究花铃期渍水对棉纤维糖代谢的影响及其与纤维比强度的关系。结果表明,渍水条件下花后17~38 d纤维蔗糖和β-1,3-葡聚糖含量均值分别降低24.86%~81.30%和8.59%~36.30%,纤维素最大累积速率在受渍害较轻条件下增加而受渍害较重条件下降低,但快速持续期缩短,成熟期纤维素含量降低,比强度下降3.57%~10.03%。受渍害较轻条件下,花后17~38 d纤维蔗糖合酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性均值分别增加8.45%~24.59%和12.79%~18.20%,生成碳源用于维持生存代谢,而受渍害较重条件下分别降低7.06%~8.16%和11.40%~11.64%;蔗糖酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性在花后17 d后降低。因此,渍水条件下纤维加厚发育期碳源供应不足、碳代谢消耗增加或代谢被抑制是最终比强度下降的重要原因。     

盛花期不同渍涝时间对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响

摘要：以抗涝基因型河南1号与不抗涝基因冀芝1号为实验材料,研究了在盛花期不同渍涝时间对不同基因型芝麻生理指标和产量性状的影响。研究结果表明：在盛花期进行渍涝胁迫,随着淹水时间的延长,芝麻的比叶重、叶绿素含量、根系活力逐渐降低。在盛花期淹水72h,芝麻的比叶重、叶绿素含量、根系活力较对照均极显著下降﹙P＜0.01﹚。淹水处理的产量性状均较对照显著降低。     

Responses of carbon metabolism and antioxidant system of summer maize to waterlogging at different stages

A field experiment was performed to explore responses of carbon metabolism, antioxidant system and endogenous hormone content of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958) to waterlogging at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the 10th day after the tasselling stage (10VT). Results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased the contents of zeatin riboside (ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), compared to those of CK. However, leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased by waterlogging at different stages, with the most significant increase was found in the treatment of waterlogging at V3 (V3‐W), with an increase of 30% and 29% for DH605 and ZD958, respectively. Waterlogging significantly decreased antioxidative enzyme activities, accelerating leaf senescence, resulted in the disorder of leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In addition, waterlogging decreased key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), with the most significant reduction in V3‐W, with a decrease of 46% and 49% for DH605, and 53% and 55% for ZD958, respectively. Visibly, waterlogging disturbed carbon metabolism, affected plant endogenous hormone content, accelerated leaf senescence and eventually resulted in a significant reduction in photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield. V3 was most susceptible to waterlogging, followed by V6 and 10VT.     

氮肥运筹对苗期受渍夏玉米干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响

以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,研究不同氮肥运筹方式[氮肥全部基施(N1)、基肥70%+拔节肥30%(N2)、基肥50%+拔节肥50%(N3)和基肥30%+拔节肥50%+大喇叭口肥20%(N4)]对苗期受渍夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累、氮素吸收积累及产量的影响,以期为苗期受渍夏玉米合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,苗期渍水7 d降低夏玉米产量,降幅达24.2%~25.7%,氮肥后移能够减轻苗期渍害对产量的影响。玉米产量与穗粒数的相关性大于与千粒重的相关性;吐丝期最大LAI和收获指数与产量存在极显著相关性,但粒叶比与产量间无显著相关性。苗期渍水7 d降低群体LAI,氮肥后移能增大穗位层和穗上层叶片的LAI以弥补穗下层LAI降低导致的群体LAI下降,且弥补的效应大于渍害导致穗下层LAI降低的效应,进而使得苗期渍水7 d下氮肥后移的群体LAI较氮肥前移增大。苗期渍水7 d显著降低吐丝后干物质积累量,渍水使营养器官干物质积累转运量增大;氮肥前移处理使营养器官干物质向籽粒的转运量增大,但不利于吐丝后籽粒干物质积累,氮肥后移处理则显著提高了吐丝后籽粒干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率。苗期渍水7 d使夏玉米各器官氮素积累量下降,吐丝后营养器官贮藏氮素向籽粒的转运量和吐丝后籽粒氮素积累量低于对照,表明苗期渍水7 d处理不利于籽粒中氮素的积累。氮肥后移能够提高成熟期籽粒及营养器官氮素积累量。渍水7 d处理使氮素吸收效率和偏生产力显著低于对照,随着氮肥后移,氮素吸收效率提高0.9%~18.2%、偏生产力提高1.0%~17.5%。     

Effects of Ethylene on Cotton Adaption to Waterlogging Stress and the Underlying Mechanism

[Objective] Waterlogging adversely affects cotton growth and development, and continuous waterlogging may further result in considerable yield loss or crop failure. Enhancing the ability of cotton to adapt to waterlogging stress to preserve yield and quality is therefore critical. Ethylene is an important signal molecule, which plays a vital role in the process of plant stress resistance. However, the mechanism of ethylene in mitigating cotton waterlogging damage is still unclear. [Method] In this study, we setup an experiment with a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) variety K638 in an electric rain shelter at the experimental station of the Shandong Cotton Research Center at Linqing, Shandong. We treated the cotton plants by waterlogging for 10 d during the flowering stage and used a non-waterlogged treatment as the control. During the waterlogging stress treatment, cotton plants were treated with an ethylene signal transduction inhibitor (1-MCP) or ethylene synthesis precursor (ACC) to detect the effects of ethylene content on cotton waterlogging injury and its physiological mechanism. [Result] The results revealed that a foliar spray of 1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene synthesis in the stressed cotton plants, the content of ethylene and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 5.3% and 39.2%, and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased by 37.8%, 20.5%, and 8.2%, respectively. The photosynthetic rate, dry weight of the whole plant, and seed cotton yield increased by 13.5%, 3.3%, and 4.6%, respectively. The effect of ACC on the plants was the opposite because spraying ACC promoted ethylene accumulation in the waterlogged cotton. The ethylene and MDA content increased by 8.0% and 19.5%, respectively. The activities of ADH, PDC, and LDH increased by 17.5%, 11.2%, and 8.0%, respectively, while the photosynthetic rate, dry weight of the whole plant, and seed cotton yield decreased by 6.0%, 7.7%, and 8.0%, respectively. [Conclusion] In summary, reducing ethylene content in waterlogged cotton plants can significantly alleviate hypoxia damage caused by waterlogging stress and subsequently promote cotton growth and development by restoring physiological metabolism.     

低温胁迫对大豆花期叶片蔗糖代谢及产量的影响

为了研究低温胁迫对大豆花期产量形成的影响,以‘垦丰16’（耐冷型品种）和‘合丰50’（冷敏感型品种）为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,测定了叶片蔗糖含量以及代谢相关酶活性,成熟期测产。结果表明,大豆花期低温胁迫显著降低了大豆的株高和产量,底荚高度增加,随低温胁迫时间的延长,减产损失逐渐增加,与对照相比,‘合丰50’减产幅度为10.29%~30.88%,‘垦丰16’减产幅度为9.58%~24.22%,敏感品种的减产幅度大于耐冷品种。叶片内的淀粉和蔗糖含量随胁迫时间延长逐渐降低,果糖含量随胁迫时间延长逐渐增加,酸性转化酶、中性转化酶和蔗糖合成酶活性提高,蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性被抑制。低温恢复期间（低温处理4天后自然环境下恢复1~4天）上述指标呈现相反的变化趋势,不同品种间呈现相同的变化趋势。大豆花期遭遇低温胁迫致使蔗糖分解代谢加快,合成途径受到抑制,叶片内的蔗糖含量急剧减少,并且其危害不能在4天内恢复,这不利于大豆产量的形成,推断这是低温胁迫造成大豆减产的重要原因之一。     

花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重的影响

试验以新棉33B为材料,于2007年和2009年在江苏南京(32º02′N,118º50′E)江苏省农业科学院防雨棚的水泥池中进行。以正常灌水(土壤相对含水量为75%±5%)为对照,于棉花中部(6~8)果枝开花时进行渍水7 d和14 d (保持地面2~3 cm的水层)处理。研究花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重形成的影响。结果表明,花铃期渍水条件下棉铃对位叶可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量增加,蔗糖/淀粉比值下降,且随渍水持续期的延长变化幅度增大,表明花铃期渍水致使叶片蔗糖外运受阻且随渍水时间的延长外运受阻加重;棉铃对位叶蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合酶和酸性转化酶活性增强,且随渍水持续期的延长和果枝部位的上升而增大;棉铃对位叶可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量与蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合酶及酸性转化酶活性显著正相关(P<0.05),表明渍水条件下蔗糖代谢被激活但并未促进叶片蔗糖的外运,铃重随果枝部位上升和渍水持续期的延长下降幅度增大。这是渍水条件下铃重下降的重要原因。