通草及小通草多糖药理作用的初步研究

目的:研究、比较不同品种通草及小通草多糖的免疫药理活性和抗氧化作用。方法:将通草(通脱木)及3种小通草(喜马山旌节花、西南绣球、棣棠花)的总多糖提取物,以80,40mg/kg剂量腹腔注射给予小鼠7d～10d,观察小鼠血清溶菌酶活力、血清溶血素抗体水平、单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能及DNCB致小鼠迟发性过敏反应(DTH)的变化,并同时观察小鼠血清过氧化氢酶活性的变化。结果:4种通草多糖腹腔注射给予小鼠,可提高小鼠血清溶菌酶活力和单核网状内皮细胞吞噬功能,提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平,抑制DNCB致小鼠DTH反应,并明显提高小鼠血清过氧化氢酶活性。结论:4种通草及小通草多糖具有一定调节免疫和抗氧化的作用,丰富了“通草-小通草药材的品种整理和质量研究”的内容。     

几种通草及小通草的抗炎、解热、利尿作用的实验研究

目的:观察、比较3种通草类药材(通脱木、盘叶掌叶树、罗伞)和7种小通草类药材(喜马山旌节花、西南绣球①,②、棣棠花、穗序鹅掌柴、青荚叶、中国旌节花)的抗炎、解热作用及3种小通草药材(喜马山旌节花、西南绣球②、中国旌节花)的利尿作用,以期为该类药材的功效和临床应用、品种整理和质量研究提供药理学依据。方法:采用角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀、啤酒酵母(或角叉菜胶)致大鼠发热模型及大鼠代谢笼法等药理实验方法,观察比较不同药材水煎剂(8,4g/kg)灌胃给予大鼠后的抗炎、解热和利尿作用。结果:3种通草和7种小通草药材对大鼠角叉菜胶性足肿胀有不同程度的抑制作用,对啤酒酵母(或角叉菜胶)所致的大鼠发热模型表现出不同程度的解热作用,其中通草类药材中通脱木、盘叶掌叶树抗炎、解热作用为优;7种小通草类药材中喜马山旌节花和穗序鹅掌柴抗炎作用较强。3种小通草药材(喜马山旌节花、西南绣球②、中国旌节花)具有明显的利尿作用。结论:结果表明不同品种的通草和小通草类药材均具有不同程度的抗炎、解热和利尿作用,为该类药材的功效和临床应用、品种整理和质量研究提供了药理学依据。     

通草类中药的药源调查和商品鉴定

指出当前全国药用的通草类中药共有7科23种植物的茎髓和叶柄髓。主要产地为四川、云南、贵州、湖南、陕西等省。对26个省(市、区)、香港地区和5个东亚和南亚国家药用的102件商品药材鉴定的结果,通草类中药的主流是小通草,约占70%,其中以喜马山旌节花和中国旌节花类小通草为最多,占整个小通草的60%。西南绣球类小通草资源丰富,产量大;棣棠花和青荚叶类小通草药材产量少。几版《中国药典》收载的通草(通脱木)商品药材不多,仅占全国整个通草类中药的20%,但占出境的8件商品的全部(韩国除外)。     

七种通草对大鼠利尿作用的初步研究

用代谢笼法观测七个品种通草对大鼠尿量及尿氯、尿钠、尿钾排出量的影响,结果表明,通脱木、盘叶柏那参、青荚叶、棣棠花有明显的利尿效果,其中以通脱木作用最强。向罗伞、云南绣球、喜马山旌节花利尿作用则不明显。     

不同品种小通草多糖的含量及单糖组成研究

目的:比较来源分别为喜马山旌节花、中国旌节花和青荚叶的小通草药材中多糖含量及单糖组成。方法:用水回流提取多糖,依次用醇沉、酶水解、Sevage法透析纯化多糖并用硫酸全水解;多糖采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定各品种小通草中多糖含量;采用薄层色谱法(TCL)比较不同品种小通草多糖的单糖组成。结果:喜马山旌节花、中国旌节花和青荚叶三种小通草多糖含量分别为3.44%、4.33%、0.98%,多糖组成分别为L-鼠李糖、果糖、半乳糖,L-鼠李糖、果糖、半乳糖,半乳糖。结论:来源为青荚叶的小通草多糖含量最低,且单糖组成与另两种小通草比较有明显不同。     

海藻多糖对白血病L615小鼠LPO含量及GR,GSH—PX,CAT,SOD酶活性的影响

本文研究了海藻多糖（ＳＦＰＳ）对Ｌ６１５小鼠全血及肝脾脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶（ＧＲ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）酶活性的影响。结果ＳＰＰＳ可显降低Ｌ６１５小鼠全血及肝脾ＬＰＯ的含量，增加ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ的酶活性，揭示ＳＦＰＳ具有清除Ｌ６１５小鼠体内自由基，抗脂质过氧化的作用。这可能是ＳＦＰＳ对抗白血病的机理之一。     

加味温胆汤对恶急性衰老大鼠脑自由基及超微结构的影响

目的：探讨加味温胆汤对Ｄ－半乳糖所致老大鼠脑自由基及超微结构的影响。方法：ＳＤ大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组（ＳｃＤ－半乳糖４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ）、加味温胆汤组（１０ｇ／ｋｇ,ｉｇ,ＳｃＤ－半乳糖４８ｍｇ／ｋ／ｄ）,连续４０天,取大脑皮质测定ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＭＡＯ、ＬＰＦ及透射电镜观察。结果：注射Ｄ－地乳糖后,脑组织ＳＯＤ活性ＭＤＡ含量及ＭＡＯ活性增高,而ＬＰＦ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性无明显变化     

黄芪多糖对小鼠巨核系祖细胞的影响

用甲基纤维素半固体培养法，观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠骨髓巨核系祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ）生成的影响。结果显示，浓度２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的黄芪多糖在体外能刺激小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成；２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的黄芪多糖连续注射３ｄ，小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成量均明显高于对照组；对环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）引起的小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ生成下降，黄芪多糖无保护作用。提示黄芪多糖对小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成有促进作用，但无法缓解ＣＴＸ对小     

托盘根醇提物对组织脂质过氧化物及脂褐素含量的影响

托盘根乙醇提取物体外实验能显著抑制大鼠肝、脑、、脾、肾 过氧化脂抽（ＬＰＯ）的生成。１．５１ｇ／ｋｇ。０．７５５ｇ／ｋｇ、ｉｇ连续１５天能抑制小鼠血浆、脑、肝中过氧化脂质的生成，并能降低其肝、心脂褐素（ＬＰＦ）含量。提示托盘根醇提物具有抗组织过氧化作用。     

三七总皂甙对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用

阻断蒙古沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉造成脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ，再灌注１５ｍｉｎ可降低脑组织中ＬＤＨ、ＳＯＤ含量，升高ＭＤＡ、ＴＸＢ２含量，降低６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）／ＴＸＢ２比值。缺血前３０ｍｉｎ，ｉｐＰＮＳ２００ｍｇ、３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，能升高被损伤脑组织中ＬＤＨ、ＳＯＤ含量，降低ＭＤＡＴＸＢ２含量，纠正６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）／ＴＸＢ２比值。提示ＰＮＳ可能通过清除氧自由基、抑制脂质过氧化和稳定神经细胞膜来保护脑组织缺血再灌注损伤。     

Preliminary studies on pharmacological actions of tongca and xiao-tongcao polysaccharides]

OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the immunologic function and antioxidative effect of Tongcao(Tongtuomu) and Xiao-Tongcao(Ximashanjingjiehua, Xinanxiuqiu, Ditanghua) polysaccharides. METHOD: Mice were abdominally administrated with four kinds of polysaccharides at dosages of 80 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 7-10 days. RESULT: Four kinds of polysaccharides could increase the serum-lysozyme activity, phagocytic function of MPS and the serum hemolysin-antibody level in mice, inhibit the delayed hypersensitivity induced by DNCB in mice and raise the serum-catalase activity in mice. CONCLUSION: Four kinds of Tongcao or Xiao-Tongcao polysaccharides have immunoregulative function and antioxidative effect. The results could enrich the contents of "A Study on Species-Sorting and Quality of Tongcao-Xiao-Tongcao Crude Drugs".     

党参多糖对糖尿病小鼠胰岛素抵抗的改善作用

目的观察党参多糖对糖尿病小鼠、胰岛素抵抗小鼠的作用。方法观察党参多糖300,200,100 mg/kg对正常小鼠血糖的影响;采用一次性腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(Alloxan,ALX,200 mg/kg)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,观察党参多糖300,200,100mg/kg对糖尿病小鼠血糖、血清胰岛素水平的影响,并测定血清SOD,MDA的含量;皮下注射氢化可的松琥珀酸钠(HC-SS,70 mg/kg)诱导胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型,通过腹腔注射胰岛素后小鼠血糖变化观察党参多糖300,200,100 mg/kg对小鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响。结果党参多糖对正常小鼠血糖无影响(P>0.05);与模型对照组比较,党参多糖各剂量组显著降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖和血清胰岛素水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高糖尿病小鼠血清SOD的活性,减少MDA产生(P<0.05或P<0.01);对氢化可的松琥珀酸钠诱导的小鼠胰岛素抵抗有显著的改善作用(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论党参多糖能降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,改善小鼠的胰岛素抵抗。     

Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-related oxidative stress in aged mice

Oxidative damage of biomolecules increases with age and is postulated to be a major causal factor of various physiological function disorders. Consequently, the concept of anti-age by antioxidants has been developed. Lycium barbarum fruits have been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and the data obtained in in vitro models have clearly established the antioxidant potency of the polysaccharides isolated from the fruits. In the present study, the age-dependent changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity, immune function and lipid peroxidation product were investigated and effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-induced oxidative stress in different organs of aged mice was checked. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (200, 350 and 500 mg/kg b.w. in physiological saline) were orally administrated to aged mice over a period of 30 days. Aged mice receiving vitamin C served as positive control. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxides in serum and tested organs, and immune function were measured. Result showed that increased endogenous lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant activities, as assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and immune function were observed in aged mice and restored to normal levels in the polysaccharides-treated groups. Antioxidant activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be compable with normal antioxidant, vitamin C. Moreover, addition of vitamin C to the polysaccharides further increased the in vivo antioxidant activity of the latter. It is concluded that the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be used in compensating the decline in TAOC, immune function and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby reduces the risks of lipid peroxidation accelerated by age-induced free radical.     

纯品与粗品枸杞多糖对小鼠的免疫药理作用

本研究将纯品枸杞多糖分为5个不同剂量的实验组,与枸杞多糖粗品进行比较。结果表明,枸杞多糖纯品低剂量(5～20mg/kg·d)显示出更明显的免疫增强效应。特别是10mg/kg·d剂量,各项免疫指标与粗品有极显著差异。枸杞多糖有其最适剂量,并非剂量越大效果越好。枸杞多糖粗品与纯品的比较研究,为深层次开发利用枸杞资源及其临床应用提供了依据。     

四种山楂果实抗氧化及降血脂作用的研究

目的:研究四种山楂果实的抗氧化及降血脂作用。方法:检测山楂果实在体外对超氧阴离子自由基清除作用;测定山楂果实对小鼠血清超氧歧化酶(SOD)活性及血脂的作用。结果:山楂、野山楂和云南山楂果实在体外对超氧阴离子自由基有较强的清除作用。山楂、山里红和野山楂果实对正常小鼠随增龄引起的SOD活性降低,TG、TC升高,HDL—C/TC比值下降有显著的作用。结论:山楂、山里红和野山楂均具有明显的抗氧化及降低血脂的作用。     

Studies on pharmacological junctions of hairy root of Astragalus membranaceus]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hairy root of Astragalus membranaceus(HRA). METHOD: HRA were given 10 g/kg per day for 50 days to aged mice treated with D-galactose, and the effect on memory and antioxidant functions were estimated. After administration of HRA 10 g/kg for four days, anti-ischemia-reperfusion kidney model of rat was prepared. The kidney function, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in kidney were examined. Mice with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide were given orally HRA 10 g/kg for 12 days. The activity of natural killer (NK) cells was measured. RESULT: HRA improved the memory, raised SOD activity in brain and liver, decreased the MDA content in the liver of aged mice, reduced the MDA content in ischemia-reperfusion kidney, decreased the creatinine level in blood of rats, and promoted the activity of NK cells in immunosuppressed mice. CONCLUSION: Similar to the natural A. membranaceus, HRA has senility-preventing, antioxidizing and immunomodulating functions.     

参灵合剂对H22肝癌小鼠抑瘤及免疫调节的影响

目的探讨参灵合剂对H22肝癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及其机制。方法采用H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠模型,按体质量随机分为正常组、对照组、人参组、灵芝组、半枝莲组和参灵合剂组,每组20只。正常组和对照组每日均给予生理盐水20 mL/kg,人参组每日灌胃人参皂苷25 mg/kg,灵芝组每日灌胃灵芝多糖提取物830 mg/kg,半枝莲组每日灌胃半枝莲多糖200 mg/kg,参灵合剂组每日灌胃参灵合剂10 g,各组均持续灌胃10 d。检测药物抑瘤率及对胸腺指数与脾脏指数、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等指标的影响。结果参灵合剂组对原发性肝癌荷瘤小鼠有显著的抑制作用,抑瘤率为36.80%;与对照组相比,参灵合剂组明显改变肝癌小鼠的外周血白细胞、脾脏指数和胸腺指数（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;给药组对TNF-α和VEGF有显著影响（P〈0.05）。结论人参皂苷、半枝莲多糖、灵芝多糖提取物和参灵合剂对原发性肝癌小鼠模型均有一定的抑瘤作用,其中参灵合剂抑瘤作用最强。     

金针菇多糖对小鼠体内脾淋巴细胞转化、自然杀伤细胞活性及白细胞介素-2产生的影响

目的:探讨金针菇多糖的3个组分 FVP_1、FVP_2、FVP_3对小鼠体内脾淋巴细胞转化、自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性及白细胞介素(IL-2)产生的影响。方法:正常及接种 S_(180)的荷瘤小鼠,分别分为 FVP_1、FVP_2、FVP_3不同剂量组[5 mg/(kg·d)、10 mg/(kg·d)、20 mg/(kg·d)]和空白对照组,腹腔注射给药10天后,无菌取脾,以 MTT 比色分析法检测各标本的淋巴细胞转化指数、NK 细胞活性及 IL-2增殖指数。结果:3种剂量的 FVP_1、FVP_2、FVP_3均能使正常及荷瘤小鼠的脾淋巴细胞转化指数、NK 细胞活性和 IL-2增殖指数明显提高。结论:FVP_1、FVP_2、FVP_3体内给药能促进正常和荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化,提高 NK 细胞活性和促进IL-2生成,增强和恢复机体的免疫功能。