膳食钙对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖形成的影响

目的 研究膳食钙摄入对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖形成的影响.方法 30只SD大鼠标准饲料饲养10d后,随机分为标准饲料(A)组(1.30%钙),高脂饲料(B)组(1.57%钙)和高脂加钙饲料(C)组(2.57%钙),饲养6周后处死,称量各组大鼠体重、体脂,用ELISA法测血清钙调激素甲状旁腺素(PTH)和1,25-(OH)2D3水平,用RT-PCR检测白色脂肪组织(WAT)中Vitmin D受体(VDR)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)基因mRNA表达水平.结果 (1)B组体重、Lee's指数、脂肪湿重显著高于A组和C组(P＜0.05);(2)C组的血清钙调激素水平均显著低于B组(P＜0.05);(3)C组VDR和FAS基因mRNA表达水平均显著低于B组(P＜0.05),C组UCP2基因mRNA表达水平均显著高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 高钙膳食可能通过降低血清钙调节激素水平,影响脂肪代谢和钙代谢,从而减少高脂饮食大鼠体重和脂肪重量的增加.     

高脂饮食小鼠脂肪组织胞外囊泡损伤海马神经元的研究

目的探讨高脂饮食小鼠脂肪组织分泌胞外囊泡对海马神经元以及小鼠认知行为的影响。方法C57BL/6J雄性小鼠20只,随机分为2组(n=10):正常饮食(normal diet,ND)组、高脂饮食(high-fat diet,HFD)组,分组喂养28周,每周记录小鼠体重。于第27周检测小鼠血糖、胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),第28周用Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠学习和记忆能力。取小鼠脂肪组织,HE染色观察形态学差异,并提取其分泌的胞外囊泡,采用TEM及NTA进行鉴定。将PKH 67标记的脂肪组织胞外囊泡经尾静脉注射正常小鼠,30 h后检测脑组织海马神经元摄取脂肪组织胞外囊泡的情况;用相同蛋白量的胞外囊泡处理原代海马神经元,观察其对神经元细胞活性及细胞形态的影响。结果与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠体重明显增加,血糖及胰岛素水平升高,并出现胰岛素抵抗状态。HFD组小鼠逃避潜伏期显著延长,目标象限停留时间明显缩短。HFD组小鼠脂肪细胞明显增大,脂肪组织分泌的胞外囊泡明显增多。脂肪组织分泌的胞外囊泡可被原代海马神经元及正常小鼠脑组织海马神经元摄取。与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠脂肪组织胞外囊泡处理可明显减少海马神经元树突长度、初级树突数和次级树突数,并降低神经元细胞活性。结论长期高脂饮食可能通过影响脂肪组织胞外囊泡,损伤海马神经元。     

线粒体辅酶Q改善高脂饮食大鼠肾血流动力学的研究

目的探讨线粒体辅酶Q(MitoQ,Mitoquinone)对高脂饮食大鼠肾血流灌注的影响。方法 8周龄雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成模型组(H组,n=10)、治疗组(HM组,n=10)和对照组(N组,n=10)。N组喂食基础饲料,H组、HM组喂食高脂饲料。9周后,HM组自饮水中加入MitoQ。三组大鼠继续喂养10周后进行肾脏声学造影检查,并检测大鼠血生化及肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,比较各指标的组间差异。结果与N组及HM组比较,H组大鼠肾皮质达峰时间(TTOP)延长,增强强度(A)及充盈速度(C)下降(P<0.01),总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)均明显增高(P<0.01),HM组与H组比较,以上各指标明显改善。H组血清及肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量明显高于HM组及N组(P<0.01)。结论 MitoQ可降低机体内过氧化物含量,改善高脂饮食大鼠肾血流动力学状态。     

Monoterpene phenolic compound thymol prevents high fat diet induced obesity in murine model

Context: Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. Most of the synthetic anti-obesity drugs have failed to manage the obesity due to either ineffectiveness or adverse effect. The research of prominent chemical constituents from herbal for the management of obesity has greatly increased.

Objective: The main objective of the present study was intended to examine the effects of thymol in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in murine model.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity. Thymol (14?mg/kg) administered orally twice a day to HFD-fed rats for 4 weeks. Alteration in body weight gain, visceral fat-pads weight and serum biochemical markers were assessed.

Results: At the end of study, rats fed with HFD exhibited significantly (p?p?Discussion and conclusions: Thymol prevents HFD-induced obesity in murine model through several mechanisms including attenuation of visceral fat accumulation, lipid lowering action, improvement of insulin and leptin sensitivity and enhanced antioxidant potential.     

中药红曲对高脂饮食大鼠血脂的影响作用

目的探讨不同剂量红曲对高脂饮食大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠造高脂血症模型2周后,将造模成功的大鼠随机分为0．5、1．0、2．0g／kg体重3组,同时设置模型对照组、空白对照组（5组,共50只）,干预28d。干预组每日相应浓度的红曲灌胃,模型对照组和空白对照组等剂量的生理盐水灌胃。实验末期,眼内眦采血（不禁食）,测血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）。结果实验干预前,高脂喂养模型组与正常对照组相比,TC、TG、LDL均有升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;干预结束后2．0g／ks体重剂量组可降低血清中TC（P〈0．05）,而0．5g／kg体重和1．0g／kg体重剂量组对血清中TC的影响差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论红曲可以降低高脂饮食大鼠的TC水平。     

吡格列酮对高脂喂养SD大鼠visfatin蛋白表达的影响

Visfatin由Fukuhlara等[1]2005 年发现,主要由内脏脂肪分泌.具有促进脂肪形成、降低血糖等类胰岛素作用,与肥胖、2型糖尿病有着密切联系.吡格列酮改善胰岛素抵抗的部分机制可能是通过调节脂肪因子的产生[2].本研究通过高脂喂养建立肥胖SD大鼠实验模型,用吡格列酮干预来观察其对visfatin表达的影响,探讨吡格列酮改善胰岛素敏感性的可能作用机制.     

营养性肥胖动物模型的实验研究

目的　观察高脂饲料配方对制造营养性肥胖动物模型成功率的影响。方法　用改进的高脂饲料喂养大鼠 16wk ,观察体重及肥胖指标 ,并与普食组进行比较。结果　高脂饲料和普通饲料喂养的大鼠体重分别为 (491 6 2± 4 6 89)g、(394 2 0± 5 0 78) g ,Lees指数分别为 319 0 4± 9 4 9、30 4 6 3± 5 99,经统计学处理 ,高脂组优于普食组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。造模成功后 ,高脂组大鼠的附睾脂肪量、肾周脂肪量、心包脂肪量及肝、肾重量均大于普食组 ,两组比较差异有显著性。 (P <0 0 1)。结论　含 12 %猪油、总油脂量为 18%的高脂饲料致肥效果较好 ,配方组成较为合理 ,致肥率达 5 8 9% ,高于以前文献报道     

动脉粥样硬化高脂饲料对小鼠糖脂水平的作用研究

目的 研究动脉粥样硬化高脂饲料对小鼠体重、血糖血脂水平及动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的作用,并且明确禁食时间对血脂检测结果的影响.方法 对10周龄雄性ApoE基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠分别给予高脂饲料及普通饲料,4个月后观察动脉粥样硬化斑块情况;对10周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分别给予普通饲料4周、普通饲料2周+高脂饲料...     

高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠的瘦素水平分析

目的:研究高脂膳食诱导对肥胖大鼠瘦素水平的影响.方法:将50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为高脂膳食组和正常对照组,分别用高脂饲料和基础饲料喂养8周,观察体质量变化,第八周末测定并比较血脂和血清瘦紊水平.结果:本次研究高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠的体质量、血清总胆固醇和瘦素水平均显著高于正常对照组.结论:高脂膳食诱导的肥胖大鼠易产生瘦素抵抗,并伴有一定程度的血脂代谢紊乱.     

Effects of maternal high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle on susceptibility of adult offspring to ozone exposure in rats

Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that obesity exacerbates the health effects of air pollutants such as ozone (O₃). Maternal inactivity and calorically rich diets lead to offspring that show signs of obesity. Exacerbated O₃ susceptibility of offspring could thus be manifested by maternal obesity. Thirty-day-old female Long-Evans rats were fed a control (CD) or high-fat (HF) (60% calories) diet for 6 wks and then bred. GD1 rats were then housed with a running wheel (RW) or without a wheel (SED) until parturition, creating four groups of offspring: CD-SED, CD-RW, HF-SED and HF-RW. HF diet was terminated at PND 35 and all offspring were placed on CD. Body weight and %fat of dams were greatest in order; HF-SED?>?HF-RW?>?CD-SED?>?CD-RW. Adult offspring were exposed to O₃ for two consecutive days (0.8?ppm, 4?h/day). Glucose tolerance tests (GTT), ventilatory parameters (plethysmography), and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) cell counts and protein biomarkers were performed to assess response to O₃. Exercise and diet altered body weight and %fat of young offspring. GTT, ventilation and BALF cell counts were exacerbated by O₃ with responses markedly exacerbated in males. HF diet and O₃ led to significant exacerbation of several BALF parameters: total cell count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were increased in male HF-SED versus CD-SED. Males were hyperglycemic after O₃ exposure and exhibited exacerbated GTT responses. Ventilatory dysfunction was also exacerbated in males. Maternal exercise had minimal effects on O₃ response. The results of this exploratory study suggest a link between maternal obesity and susceptibility to O₃ in their adult offspring in a sex-specific manner.     

芝麻素对肾性高压伴高脂高糖饮食大鼠的抗脂毒作用

观察芝麻素对肾性高压伴高脂高糖饮食大鼠的抗脂毒作用。两肾一夹术和高脂高糖饮食13周诱导复合模型大鼠34只, 于第5周开始连续灌胃给予芝麻素 (120、60及30 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) 8周。测定血压、血脂、血糖、游离脂肪酸、胰岛素、TNF-α和IL-6水平; 半定量分析胰腺、肾周脂肪、肝脏病理学改变。结果发现, 芝麻素 (120及60 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) 能降低模型大鼠血压、血脂、血糖、TNF-α、IL-6和FFA水平; 改善胰岛素抵抗和糖耐量异常; 减轻体重、内脏脂肪、胰腺和肝脏湿重及其脏器指数; 减少胰岛细胞增生和脂肪及肝脏细胞中脂滴空泡的数目。提示芝麻素具有抗脂毒作用, 其机制可能与肝细胞脂质沉积减轻、脂肪依赖炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的释放减少以及减轻胰岛素抵抗有关。     

Effect of piperine in the regulation of obesity-induced dyslipidemia in high-fat diet rats

Objective:

The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of piperine in obesity-induced dyslipidemia.

Materials and Methods:

Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for the first eight weeks, to develop obesity-induced dyslipidemia. Later on piperine (40 mg / kg) and sibutramine (5 mg / kg) were administered for three weeks along with the continuation of HFD to two separate groups, which served as the test and standard groups, respectively. Body weight, food intake, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were measured at the end of the fourth, eighth (before treatment), and eleventh (after treatment) week, while the fat mass was measured at the end of the eleventh week in the normal, HFD-control, test, and standard groups.

Results:

Supplementing piperine with HFD significantly reduced not only body weight, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and fat mass, but also increased the HDL levels, with no change in food intake.

Conclusion:

The above results suggest that piperine possesses potential fat reducing and lipid lowering effects, without any change in food appetite, at a small dose of 40 mg / kg. The mechanism of action for such an activity needs to be determined. However, looking to structural similarity with the presently known Melanocortin-4 (MC-4) agonists, involvement of MC-4 receptors in its activity can be guessed.     

银杏叶提取物对高脂饮食大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察银杏叶提取物(Egb)对高脂饮食大鼠血清及肝组织抗氧化能力的影响.方法 将大鼠随机分为对照组、高脂对照组、高脂+银杏叶组,用不同饮食喂养8周后,测定血清血糖、血脂、胰岛素并对血清和肝匀浆进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,丙二醛(MDA)、谷光甘肽(GSM)的含量进行测定.结果 EGb能降低高脂饮食大鼠的血糖、...     

Anti-obesity effect of PM-F2-OB, an anti-obesity herbal formulation, on rats fed a high-fat diet

PM-F2-OB is one of the most well-known traditional herbal medicines that are frequently used for the treatment of obesity in Korea. The anti-obesity effect of PM-F2-OB on rats fed a high-fat diet was investigated through analyses of changes in body weight, kidney fat weight, and blood biochemicals including cholesterol, free fatty acid, BUN, creatinine, HDL, LDL, phospholipids, SGOT, SGPT, total lipids, and triglycerides. The subjects in this study were divided into four groups: a normal group with a standard diet (N); a PM-F2-OB treatment group fed a standard diet (N+PM-F2-OB); a control group fed a high-fat diet (C); and a PM-F2-OB treatment group fed a high-fat diet (C+PM-F2-OB). There were no significant differences in body weight change between the N and N+PM-F2-OB treatments. Also, there was no significant difference in the amount of food intake between the C and C+PM-F2-OB treatments. These results suggest that PM-F2-OB has no significant toxicity and does not induce a dislike for that diet due to its smell or taste. Rats were administered a high-fat diet (20% (w/w)) for six weeks to induce obesity. The study shows that PM-F2-OB significantly prevented increases in body weight, cholesterol, LDL and total lipids that resulted from the high-fat diet. PM-F2-OB also decreased kidney fat weight and free fatty acid, phospholipid, and triglyceride concentrations induced by the high-fat diet to level equals or below the normal diet group. It was concluded from the results that PM-F2-OB has a distinct anti-obesity effect.     

Wild ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and obesity in icr mice

Ginseng is a shade-loving perennial herb that is cultivated mainly in Korea, Japan, and China. The ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy, and its antidiabetic activity has been demonstrated as early as 1920s. Although wild ginseng was anecdotally thought to be superior to cultivated ginseng as far as pharmacological properties were concerned, there have been no prior reports on the antidiabetic effect of wild ginseng. In this study, we investigated the preventative anti-diabetic and anti-obese effects of wild ginseng ethanol extract (WGEE). In the preventive experiment, WGEE co-administered with a high fat diet significantly inhibited body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in a dose dependent manner. WGEE-treated mice at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg improved the insulin resistance index by 55% and 61% compared to the high fat diet (HFD) control, respectively. Diameters of white and brown adipocytes were also decreased by 62% and 46% in the WG500-treated group compared to those in HFD fed control mice. Taken together, WGEE has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (and possibly obesity) and deserves clinical trial in the near future.     

Anti-obesity effects of seaweeds of Jeju Island on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and obese mice fed a high-fat diet

The seaweeds were collected from the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. We investigated ethanol extracts from seaweed as potential antiobesity agents by testing their effect on adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Among the red algae extracts tested, the Plocamium telfairiae extract (PTE) showed the highest inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in adipocytes and, thus, was selected as a potential antiobesity agent. PTE treatment significantly decreased the expression of the adipogenic-specific proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 compared with that in the untreated 3T3-L1 cells. PTE also inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of PTE significantly reduced the body weight, fatty liver, amount of white adipose tissue, and levels of triglyceride and glucose in the tested animals. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PTE can be developed as a therapeutic agent for obesity.     

中草药提取物治疗糖尿病溃疡的研究进展

皮肤溃疡是糖尿病最常见的并发症,糖尿病溃疡患者死亡率远高于无溃疡糖尿病患者。近年来,中草药因具有多成分、多靶点、多通路协同的治疗效应而受到广泛关注。临床实践证明,中草药能有效促进糖尿病创面愈合,并展现出良好的安全性。为系统评价中草药对糖尿病溃疡的治疗效应,笔者通过检索文献,回顾和总结了15种中草药提取物促进糖尿病创面愈合的作用机制,并基于传统中医药理论进行分类讨论,以期为糖尿病溃疡的精准治疗及新药研发提供参考。     

Effects of high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan on in vitro fertilization and ovulation in mice fed a high-fat diet

A high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with an average molecular weight of 300 kD and a deacethylation level of over 90% was produced using a simple multi-step membrane separation process. It is known that WSC prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Consequently, this study investigated whether or not WSC improved the ovarian dysfunction caused by obesity in mice. The mice were fed a high density protein and lipid diet for 4 weeks, followed by the administration of WSC at 480 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 days. Thereafter, the changes in body weight, ovulation rate, in vivo and in vitro fertilization and embryonic development were measured. WSC markedly reduced the body weight of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, but not in mice fed with a normal diet. WSC had significant effects on the ovulation rate, both the in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate an improvement in the ovarian and oviduct dysfunction caused by obesity, and suggest an adjustment in the internal secretions and metabolic functions.     

Effects of pine needle extract on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats

The present study examined the anti-obesity effects of pine needle extract (PNE) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in vivo studies. PNE treatment suppressed both glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To investigate the effect of PNE on obesity in rats fed high-fat diet, four types of diet, which included a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), ND+PNE, and HFD+PNE diets, were fed to the rats ad libitum for 6 weeks. The PNE supplement significantly decreased body weight gain and visceral fat mass compared to the HFD group. The total cholesterol, TG, and leptin levels in the plasma were significantly reduced by PNE supplementation compared with those of the HFD group. Histological findings in liver tissue showed that PNE supplementation alleviated steatosis induced by HFD. In conclusion, PNE treatment suppressed differentiation of 3T-L1 adipocytes, in part by down-regulating expression of PPAPgamma mRNA, and reduced adipose tissue mass, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in obese rats fed HFD. Therefore, pine needle water extract may be considered for use in therapy to control obesity.     

Ultrastructural examination of rabbit aortic wall following high-fat diet feeding and selenium supplementation: a transmission electron microscopy study

Experiments were carried out to examine the changes occurring in the wall of rabbit aortae following high-fat diet (HFD) feeding as well as HFD + selenium supplementation. Male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups-control, HFD-fed and HFD + Se supplementation-and were treated for three months. The study depicted that levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were markedly increased in the HFD-fed group as compared with control animals. However, in the HFD + Se-fed group, these levels were markedly suppressed vis-à-vis animals fed on HFD only. Development of atherogenic and atheromatic plaques has been shown at the light microscopy level in HFD-fed rabbits, whereas these developments were not visible in the HFD + Se-fed rabbits. Transmission electron microscopy findings indicated altered ultrastructure in the endothelial cells of the intimal layer as well as smooth-muscle cells of the medial layer in HFD-fed animals. However, these findings indicated normal ultrastructure in most of the cells, with little ultrastructural alterations from animals supplemented with Se along with HFD feeding. The study on the whole depicted the ability of Se to inhibit the onset of progression of aortic disease and hence has relevance to its therapeutic potential.